Peak oxygen uptake in older women : comparison between measured and predicted values

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) mensurado por meio de teste de esforço e os obtidos por equações preditivas. Participaram deste estudo 116 idosas (66,7 ± 5,8 anos), que realizaram teste ergoespirométrico em esteira. Os valores de VO2pico também foram estimados pela equação do Colégio Americano de Medicina do Esporte (ACSM) e equação de Foster. As comparações foram realizadas por meio da ANOVA para medidas repetidas. A relação entre valores da esteira e equações foi examinada pelo coeficiente de Pearson e método de Bland e Altman. As equações do ACSM e Foster superestimaram significantemente o VO2pico medido (p<0,001; diferença média de 6,9 e 2,7 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectivamente), sendo que a equação ACSM gerou valores superiores aos de Foster (p<0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre o valor do teste e o das equações (r=0,70; p<0,01), mas uma correlação negativa entre idade e VO2pico (r=-0,31; p=0,001). Os achados demonstram que para idosas, equações ergométricas comumente usadas superestimam o VO2pico em relação aos mensurados pela ergoespirometria, apontando para cautela quando da classificação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória por testes ergométricos.The purpose of this study was to compare the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) measured through stress testing and those obtained by predictive equations. A total of 116 elderly women (mean age 66.7 ± 5.8 years) were submitted to a cardiopulmonary exercise test in treadmill (ramp protocol). In addition, VO2peak values were estimated through the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and Foster equations. Measured and estimated values were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. Correlation between methods was examined using Pearson coefficient and agreement using Bland and Altman plot. Both ACSM and Foster equations significantly overestimated measured VO2peak (p<0.001; mean of 6.9 and 2.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively). The ACSM equation generated greater values than the Foster equation. Positive and significant correlation was observed between measured and estimated values (r = 0.70; p<0.01), while age was negatively correlated with measured VO2peak (r = -0.31; p=0.001). Findings show that for the elderly, equations commonly used overestimate VO2peak measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test, pointing to caution during classification of cardiorespiratory fitness

Concentração salina e fases de exposição à salinidade do meloeiro cultivado em substrato de fibra de coco Salt concentration and phases of exposure tosalinity of melon grown in coconut fiber substrate

No semiárido, a escassez de água de boa qualidade faz com que os produtores utilizem água salobra para preparar a solução nutritiva. Com o objetivo de investigar a utilização de água salobra na irrigação de meloeiro (Cucumis melo L., cv. AF 015) cultivado em substrato de fibra de coco em casa de vegetação, plantas foram nutridas com soluções salinas de condutividades elétricas (CEs) 1,1 (testemunha); 2,5; 4,0 e 5,5 dS m-1 aplicadas durante as fases: crescimento vegetativo (10-30 dias após o transplantio-DAT); florescimento (31-50 DAT) e frutificação e maturação (51-70 DAT). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos arranjados em um esquema fatorial 4x3 (níveis de salinidade x tempo de exposição dos sais), com três repetições. Houve correlação na perda relativa por incremento de CEs das variáveis de crescimento e de produção do meloeiro em função da salinidade da solução nutritiva para cada fase de exposição. As soluções nutritivas preparadas com água salobra podem ser utilizadas no cultivo do meloeiro em substrato de fibra de coco com o mínimo de perdas relativas de massa média de frutos por incremento de CEs, quando aplicadas na fase de florescimento.<br>Scarcity of good water quality in semiarid region causes producers to use brackish water to prepare the nutrient solution. In order to investigate the use of brackish water in irrigation of greenhouse-melon (Cucumis melo L., cv. AF 015) grown in coconut fiber substrate, plants were irrigated with saltine nutrient solutions of electrical conductivities (ECs) of 1.1 (control), 2.5, 4.0 and 5.5 dS m-1, applied during the phases of vegetative growth (10-30 days after transplanting, DAT), flowering (31-50 DAT) and fruiting and ripening (51-70 DAT). The design was completely randomized, with 12 treatments arranged in a 4x3 factorial design (salinity levels x exposure time of the salts), with three replications. There was a correlation in the reduction relative to each increased de ECs of the growth and yield variables of melon in function of ECs for each phase of exposure. The nutrient solutions prepared with brackish water can be used to grow melons in coconut fiber substrate with minimal reduction relative of mean fruit weight with increasing ECs applied during flowering

PRODUÇÃO DE ALFACE HIDROPÔNICA E MICROCLIMA DE AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO SOB MALHAS TERMO-REFLETORAS

The thermo-reflective and black screens was used for shading for plants and they has private properties that improve the microclimate conditions, it was aimed to evaluate the growth and yields in hydroponic lettuce production (Lactuca sativa L, cv. Olinda), under effect of the thermo-reflective with different percentages of attenuation of the solar radiation. The treatments were and thermo black screens 50% with four different percentages of attenuation of the solar radiation, being meshes 40, 50, 60 and 70%. It was observed significant differences in function of the treatments for all the analyzed characteristics number of leaf, diameter of stem, fresh and dry matter biomass, leaf area and distances of internodes. The meshes thermo-reflective 40 and 50%, it had provided better development for lettuce, in relation to expression of the economical characteristics, being suitable to supply shading in greenhouse conditions at Northeastern semi-arid areas. However, it's improved the most control of the solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity, with micro weather conditions the best for growth and yields of Lettuce

Are Desensitizing Toothpastes Equally Biocompatible and Effective Against Microorganisms?

<div><p>Abstract The aims of this study were evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antimicrobial activity of desensitizing toothpastes compared to a common one and the surface roughness of tooth enamel submitted to brushing with these toothpastes. Samples of three desensitizing toothpastes (Colgate Sensitive, Sensodyne and Oral B Sensitive) and common toothpaste (Colgate) were placed in contact with gingival human fibroblasts. Cytotoxicity and genotoxocity were measured by MTT assay and micronucleus test. Antimicrobial activity of the toothpastes extracts against C. albicans, S. mutans and S. aureus were assessed. For surface roughness evaluation, bovine teeth were submitted to 10.000 brushing cycles. The results were analyzed statically using Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA and Z tests (p<0.05). All toothpastes caused cytotoxic effect to the cells (p<0.05), except Colgate Sensitive. The toothpastes did not increase the number of micronuclei compared to the untreated control group. Colgate eliminated all the evaluated microorganisms at lower concentrations compared to Colgate Sensitive and Oral B Sensitive, which were not able to eliminate S. aureus. Sensodyne did not reach the minimum microbicidal concentration. The surface roughness of tooth enamel increased after brushing with Colgate Sensitive and Oral B Sensitive, however the comparison between groups showed no difference on the enamel surface roughness presented by desensitizing toothpastes when compared with the common one (p>0.05). Based on these results, we can conclude that although none toothpaste has induced genotoxicity, Colgate Sensitive was also not cytotoxic. Colgate was the most effective against the microorganisms, and there were no differences on the enamel surface roughness between the groups.</p></div

Consumo de oxigênio de pico em idosas: comparação entre valores medidos e previstos

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico) mensurado por meio de teste de esforço e os obtidos por equações preditivas. Participaram deste estudo 116 idosas (66,7 ± 5,8 anos), que realizaram teste ergoespirométrico em esteira. Os valores de VO2pico também foram estimados pela equação do Colégio Americano de Medicina do Esporte (ACSM) e equação de Foster. As comparações foram realizadas por meio da ANOVA para medidas repetidas. A relação entre valores da esteira e equações foi examinada pelo coeficiente de Pearson e método de Bland e Altman. As equações do ACSM e Foster superestimaram significantemente o VO2pico medido (p<0,001; diferença média de 6,9 e 2,7 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectivamente), sendo que a equação ACSM gerou valores superiores aos de Foster (p<0,05). Houve correlação positiva entre o valor do teste e o das equações (r=0,70; p<0,01), mas uma correlação negativa entre idade e VO2pico (r=-0,31; p=0,001). Os achados demonstram que para idosas, equações ergométricas comumente usadas superestimam o VO2pico em relação aos mensurados pela ergoespirometria, apontando para cautela quando da classificação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória por testes ergométricos

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications