A cultura do lúpulo em Bragança. Aspetos agronómicos inovadores e potencial e expansão

O lúpulo foi uma cultura de elevada importância na economia Nacional, apesar de a produção estar restringida a duas pequenas zonas de cultivo no norte de Portugal. Na década de 1970, a produção chegou a ultrapassar as necessidades da indústria cervejeira Nacional, tendo-se exportado lúpulo. Razões de conjuntura internacional desfavoráveis e um sistema produtivo que terá demorado a adaptar-se às novas exigências dos mercados nacional e internacional conduziram a cultura a uma importância económica residual. No presente cultiva-se lúpulo em duas explorações, num total de 12 ha. No entanto, Portugal tem boas condições ecológicas para produzir lúpulo. Se for possível restruturar o setor e lançá-lo em bases tecnológicas mais competitivas, é possível voltar a ter um setor florescente em Portugal. Seria também importante intervir já, enquanto os dois produtores atuais pudessem partilhar os seus conhecimentos com novos produtores. Perdida esta fonte de conhecimento, a ilusão de voltar a haver em Portugal produção significativa de lúpulo reduz-se grandemente. Neste trabalho discutem-se alguns aspetos da adaptação ecológica do lúpulo à região norte de Portugal, avalia-se o potencial de expansão de cultura e os constrangimentos e lançam-se algumas ideias base sobre as quais deveria estar suportado o “novo” setor do lúpulo em Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O lúpulo: da cultura ao extrato. Técnica cultural tradicional

Este trabalho consiste numa breve revisão sobre a cultura do lúpulo em Portugal, com incidência na técnica cultural tradicional. Faz-se um breve apontamento histórico sobre a cultura do lúpulo, em particular do desenvolvimento inicial da cultura em Portugal. Segue-se uma descrição sumária dos principais aspetos botânicos da planta e da sua adaptação ecológica. Na descrição da técnica cultural tentam destacar-se aspetos importantes como instalação da cultura, fertilização, poda, rega, proteção sanitária e colheita.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Macrozonagem da Aptidão do Solo para a Cultura do Lúpulo no Distrito de Bragança

Existem em Portugal excelentes condições para o lúpulo, cuja cultura já teve uma dimensão importante nas regiões de Bragança e Braga. À presente data restam apenas cerca de 12 hectares pertencentes a 2 produtores de Bragança. O abandono desta cultura acompanhou o gradual abandono doutros sistemas tradicionais de agricultura, como os terrenos de regadio e pastagens permanentes. No contexto actual, podem existir possibilidades favoráveis para o regresso da cultura do lúpulo. Neste trabalho fez-se inicialmente uma revisão sobre os aspectos culturais do lúpulo e da sua adaptação ecológica. Foram consideradas as possibilidades de modernização desta cultura – instalação, fertilização, poda, rega, protecção sanitária e colheita, que permitam considerar o alargamento para outras áreas potenciais além das outrora ocupadas com lúpulo. Considerando as exigências edafoclimáticas desta cultura modelou-se a informação geográfica digital disponível através de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) e pesquisaram-se as áreas de Bragança potencialmente mais favoráveis para a instalação do lúpulo. O conhecimento que venha a adquirir-se futuramente acerca da cultura do lúpulo na região poderá refinar esta análise. Foi produzida uma simulação da aptidão de uso do solo para a cultura do lúpulo.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hop dry matter yield and cone quality responses to amino acid and potassium-rich foliar spray applications

The use of amino acid and K-rich foliar sprays was evaluated in a commercial hop field in North-eastern Portugal. Four applications of an amino acid-rich foliar spray were performed in place of a second side dress N application of “70 kg N ha−1, which is usually applied by the farmer. The K-rich foliar spray was applied once at the cone developing stage as a supplement to the farmer’s fertilization plan. The amino acid-enriched foliar spray maintained crop dry matter yield at the levels of the control treatment and increased cone alpha-acids concentration (41.8% in 2018 and 9.3% in 2019). Foliar K did not increase cone dry matter yield, cone size or bitter acid concentration. Tissue K concentration was not significantly affected by foliar treatments whereas the application of K seemed to increase N uptake, with leaves and stems being the predominant allocation tissues. Both foliar treatments increased leaf and stem Mg concentrations. The results seem to emphasize the importance of amino acids in the biosynthesis of bitter acids, while K and Zn seemed to play an important secondary role, maybe related to N metabolism and its reduction into amino acids. The concentrations of total phenols in cones and leaves were lower in the foliar treatments in comparison to the control, and the higher values registered in leaves. In this study, the use of amino acids as a foliar spray provided an interesting result, since they maintained cone dry matter yield and increased cone bitter acid concentration with reduced N use.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2020) and Sandra Afonso doctoral scholarships (BD/116593/2016).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phylogeny, distribution and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback of table grape in the main Brazilian exporting region

[EN] Botryosphaeria dieback is an important disease of table grape in the Sao Francisco Valley, the main Brazilian exporting region. The objectives of this study were to identify species of Lasiodiplodia associated with botryosphaeria dieback of table grapes in the Sao Francisco Valley, investigate the prevalence and distribution of the species in the region, and evaluate their pathogenicity and virulence in green shoots of table grape. A total of 112 Lasiodiplodia isolates were obtained from 14 vineyards, located in Casa Nova, Juazeiro and Petrolina. Fungal identifications were made using phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-alpha) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, in combination with morphometric characteristics of conidia. Eight species of Lasiodiplodia were identified: L. brasiliense, L. crassispora, L. egyptiacae, L. euphorbicola, L. hormozganensis, L. jatrophicola, L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae. Except for L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae, all the other species are reported for the first time on grapevine worldwide. The distribution of Lasiodiplodia species differed between the three table grape populations of Sao Francisco Valley. All Lasiodiplodia species isolated in this study were present in the population of Casa Nova and Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most prevalent. All species of Lasiodiplodia were pathogenic on detached green shoots of grapevine, with L. brasiliense being the most virulent.This study was financed by Fundacao de Amparo a Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE APQ 137-5.01/12, IBPG-0674-5.01/09). M.P.S.C. and S.J.M. also acknowledge the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq research fellowship. A.J.L.P. thanks Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) for financial support through grant PEst-OE/BIA/UI0457/2011.Correia, KC.; Silva, M.; De Morais, M.; Armengol Fortí, J.; Phillips, A.; Camara, M.; Michereff, S. (2016). Phylogeny, distribution and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback of table grape in the main Brazilian exporting region. Plant Pathology. 65(1):92-103. doi:10.1111/ppa.12388S9210365

Conhecimento Tradicional E Usos De Caryocar Brasiliense Cambess. (pequi) Por Quilombolas De Minas Gerais, Brasil: Subsídios Para O Manejo Sustentável

Local knowledge of biodiversity has been applied in support of research focused on utilizing and management of natural resources and promotion of conservation. Among these resources, Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) is important as a source of income and food for communities living in the Cerrado biome. In Pontinha, a “quilombola” community, which is located in the central region of State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, an ethnoecological study about Pequi was conducted to support initiatives for generating income for this community. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and crossing. The most relevant uses of Pequi were family food (97%), soap production (67%), oil production (37%), medical treatments (17%), and trade (3%). Bees were the floral visitors with the highest Salience Index (S=0.639). Among frugivores that feed on unfallen fruits, birds showed a higher Salience (S=0.359) and among frugivores who use fallen fruits insects were the most important (S=0.574). Borers (folivorous caterpillars) that attack trunks and roots were the most common pests cited. According to the respondents, young individuals of Pequi are the most affected by fire due to their smaller size and thinner bark. Recognition of the cultural and ecological importance of Pequi has mobilized the community, which has shown interest in incorporating this species as an alternative source of income. © 2016, Instituto Internacional de Ecologia. All rights reserved.762511519FAPEMIG, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerai

Kinin B1 and B2 receptor deficiency protects against obesity induced by a high-fat diet and improves glucose tolerance in mice

The kallikrein-kinin system is well known for its role in pain and inflammation, and has been shown recently by our group to have a role also in the regulation of energy expenditure. We have demonstrated that B1 receptor knockout (B1KO) mice are resistant to obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and that B1 receptor expression in adipocytes regulates glucose tolerance and predisposition to obesity. However, it is also known that in the absence of B1 receptor, the B2 receptor is overexpressed and can take over the function of its B1 counterpart, rendering uncertain the role of each kinin receptor in these metabolic effects. Therefore, we investigated the impact of ablation of each kinin receptor on energy metabolism using double kinin receptor knockout (B1B2KO) mice. Our data show that B1B2KO mice were resistant to HFD-induced obesity, with lower food intake and feed efficiency when compared with wild-type mice. They also had lower blood insulin and leptin levels and higher glucose tolerance after treatment with an HFD. Gene expression for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein, which are important genes for insulin resistance, was reduced in white adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver in B1B2KO mice after the HFD. In summary, our data show that disruption of kinin B1 and B2 receptors has a profound impact on metabolic homeostasis in mice, by improving glucose tolerance and preventing HFD-induced obesity. These novel findings could pave the way for development of new pharmacological strategies to treat metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and obesity