Influencia da crioterapia e da elevação no edema induzido pelo dextrano na pata posterior de rato

Orientador: Mario Roberto VizioliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que a crioterapia local associada à elevação reduziu o edema induzido pelo dextrano na pata posterior de rato. A crioterapia aplicada na pata contralateral, associada à elevação, provocou diminuição temporária do edema. Os recursos terapêuticos utilizados apresentaram- se mais efetivos quando aplicados durante 1 hora do que durante 30 minutos, principalmente nos animais tratados com crioterapia local. Estes resultados sugerem que a crioterapia e a elevação da pata influenciam no curso do edema, provavelmente porque a elevação diminui a pressão hidrostática vascular e facilita a drenanagem do liquido extravazado, enquanto a crioterapia provoca vaso constrição e reduz a ação da histamina nas junções endoteliaisAbstract: The results of this research showed that local cryotherapy associated to elevation reduces edema, as induced by dextran, in t.he hind paw of the rat Cryotherapy applied to the contralateral paw connected to the elevation of the paws has temporalily reduced the edema. Therapeutic sources used resulted more eiff'ective when applied during 1 hour, than 30 minutes mainly in the animals treated with local cryotherapy. These data suggest that clyotherapy and paw elevation have an influence in the course of edema. This happened probably because the elevation has reduces the vascular hydrostatic plessure the facilitates the drainage of the exrtracellular fluid while cryotherapy provokes vasoconstriction and reduces the histamine action over the endothelial junctonsMestradoPatologiaMestre em Ciência

The effect of dental instruments on grip strength

Dentist work requires comfort and visibility, which sometimes causes an incorrect, maladjusted, and static posture, affecting mostly the upper limbs. It is due to prolonged work that oral health professionals are more susceptible to developing musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the hand and wrist. The propose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the variation of grip strength in dental students. We also pretend to evaluate the incidence of signs and symptoms of MSDs. A clinical dental procedure was simulated using instruments of different design on phantoms to evaluate the palmar grip. Grip strength was measured with a dynamometer. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was conducted to assess the incidence of symptoms of MSDs. The most prevalent symptoms in this population were neck, lower back, and shoulder pain. During the procedure, 43 participants found the ergonomic curette more comfortable. After scraping with the metallic curette, a lower palmar grip strength was observed. Women have a higher incidence of MSDs and lower grip strength. Participants should transform and improve clinical habits to promote better working conditions and decrease MSDs. It was concluded that the grip force exerted during root scraping depends on the design of the curette. Instruments with a larger diameter and lower weight are more ergonomic and require less grip force.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Climate change prevention through community actions and empowerment: a scoping review

As society tries to tackle climate change around the globe, communities need to reduce its impact on human health. The purpose of this review is to identify key stakeholders involved in mitigating and adapting to climate change, as well as the type and characteristics of community empowerment actions implemented so far to address the problem. Published and unpublished studies from January 2005 to March 2022 in English and Portuguese were included in this review. The search, conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and RCAAP (Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal), followed a three-step search strategy. Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers, using an extraction tool specifically designed for the review questions. Twenty-seven studies were eligible for inclusion: six used interviews as a qualitative method, three were systematic reviews, three were case study analyses, three used surveys and questionnaires as quantitative methods, two used integrative baseline reviews, and three utilized a process model design. Six studies targeted local, public and private stakeholders. Community settings were the context target of fifteen studies, whereas twelve specifically referred to urban settings. Seven types of community actions were acknowledged across the globe, characterised as hybrid interventions and referring to the leading stakeholders: local governments, non-governmental organizations, civil society, universities, public health, and private sectors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Electromyographic and magnetic resonance imaging evaluations of individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a atividade elétrica (EMG) dos músculos vasto medial oblíquo (VMO), vasto lateral longo (VLL) e vasto lateral oblíquo (VLO) de indivíduos com síndrome da dor femoropatelar (SDFP) durante contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) de extensão da perna com o joelho a 30(0), a dor por meio da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e o posicionamento da patela por meio da ressonância magnética nuclear por imagem (RMNI). MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 12 mulheres com SDFP e 12 clinicamente normais, que realizaram cinco CIVM de extensão da perna no ângulo de 30(0) para análise da EMG. Avaliou-se o ângulo do sulco (AS), ângulo de congruência (AC), ângulo de inclinação patelar (AIP) e deslocamento patelar (DP) pela RMNI. Utilizaram-se testes estatísticos: ANOVA, análise de variância de medidas repetidas para EMG; o teste Mann-Whitney U para análise da RMNI; o teste de correlação de Pearson (r) entre EMG e RMNI e análise de variância one-way para avaliação da dor (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Verificou-se maior atividade elétrica do músculo VLL em relação ao VMO no grupo com SDFP. Em ambos os grupos, os músculos VMO e VLL apresentaram maior atividade elétrica que o VLO. Para o grupo SDFP, a RMNI revelou maiores valores do AS e menores do AC, e verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre VMO e AIP. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que maior atividade elétrica do VLL, juntamente com o aumento do AS e diminuição do AC, possam ser fatores favorecedores da instabilidade patelar nos indivíduos com SDFP.OBJECTIVES: To analyze the electrical activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles of individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of lower leg extension with the knee at 30°; to assess pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS); and to assess patellar positioning using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Twelve women with PFPS and 12 clinically normal women were evaluated. They performed five MVICs of lower leg extension at 30° for electromyographic (EMG) analysis. Using MRI, the sulcus angle (SA), congruence angle (CA), patellar tilt angle (PTA) and patellar displacement (PD) were obtained. The following statistical tests were used: analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements to assess EMGs; Mann-Whitney U test to analyze MRIs; Pearson's (r) correlation test between EMGs and MRIs; and one-way ANOVA to evaluate pain (p<0.05). RESULTS: In the PFPS group, there was greater electrical activity in the VLL than in the VMO. In both groups, there was greater electrical activity in the VMO and VLL than in the VLO. In the PFPS group, the MRI showed higher SA and lower CA values, and there was a negative correlation between the VMO and the PTA. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that, in individuals with PFPS, greater electrical activity in the VLL combined with an increased SA and a decreased CA may contribute to patellar instability.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq

The effect of hip abduction on the EMG activity of vastus medialis obliquus, vastus lateralis longus and vastus lateralis obliquus in healthy subjects

STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this paper were to investigate (d) whether vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) EMG activity can be influenced by hip abduction performed by healthy subjects. BACKGROUND: Some clinicians contraindicate hip abduction for patellofemoral patients (with) based on the premise that hip abduction could facilitate the VLL muscle activation leading to a VLL and VMO imbalance METHODS AND MEASURES: Twenty-one clinically healthy subjects were involved in the study, 10 women and 11 men (aged X = 23.3 ± 2.9). The EMG signals were collected using a computerized EMG VIKING II, with 8 channels and three pairs of surface electrodes. EMG activity was obtained from MVIC knee extension at 90° of flexion in a seated position and MVIC hip abduction at 0° and 30° with patients in side-lying position with the knee in full extension. The data were normalized in the MVIC knee extension at 50° of flexion in a seated position, and were submitted to ANOVA test with subsequent application of the Bonferroni multiple comparisons analysis test. The level of significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The VLO muscle demonstrated a similar pattern to the VMO muscle showing higher EMG activity in MVIC knee extension at 90° of flexion compared with MVIC hip abduction at 0° and 30° of abduction for male (p < 0.0007) and MVIC hip abduction at 0° of abduction for female subjects (p < 0.02196). There were no statistically significant differences in the VLL EMG activity among the three sets of exercises tested. CONCLUSION: The results showed that no selective EMG activation was observed when comparison was made between the VMO, VLL and VLO muscles while performing MVIC hip abduction at 0° and 30° of abduction and MVIC knee extension at 90° of flexion in both male and female subjects. Our findings demonstrate that hip abduction do not facilitated VLL and VLO activity in relation to the VMO, however, this study included only healthy subjects performing maximum voluntary isometric contraction contractions, therefore much remains to be discovered by future researc

Planta piloto de aminas para separação de CO2 de gás natural

O Brasil enfrenta, atualmente, uma série de desafios para tornar a exploração do petróleo na camada pré-sal uma realidade. Dentre estes, o gás natural a altas pressões contendo altos teores de CO2 representa um grande obstáculo tecnológico e ambiental. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a análise do comportamento de uma planta piloto de aminas para sequestro de gás carbônico de gás natural através de simulações realizadas com auxílio do software comercial UniSim Design (Honeywell). Foram avaliados dois casos com utilização de solução de MEA e condições de operação propostas pelo Laboratório H2CIN. Ainda, estudou-se a sensibilidade de alguns parâmetros de processo sobre importantes respostas do sistema, como a absorção de CO2. Por fim, foi analisado o uso de soluções de outras aminas na planta piloto

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY OF THE VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE AND VASTUS LATERALIS LONGUS MM. DURING OPEN AND CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISES

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the electromyographic activity of the Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) and Vastus Lateralis Longus (VLL) muscles during knee extension in Open Kinetic Chain Exercise, using a ‘knee extension table’, and in Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise, using a Horizontal Leg-Press (VITALLY). METHODS: The electromyographic activity of the VMO and VLL muscles was measured in 12 subjects between 18 and 23 years old (x=21.9 e SD=1.16), without prior hip, knee, and ankle pathologies, during Maximal Isometric Contraction (MCI) at 90º flexion of hip and knee. A 16-Channel EMG System (CAD 12/36 - 60 K - LINX) and differential surface electrodes (DELSYS) were used to obtain the data. The signal was recorded in Root Mean Square (RMS) and expressed in microvolts. The data analysis was performed through Student’s t-test at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The results showed that the electromyographic activity of the VMO muscle was significantly greater than that of the VLL muscle during Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises. CONCLUSIONS: The data of this study, within the experimental conditions used, suggest that the VMO muscle can recover functionally by MCI at 90º flexion of hip and knee during Open Kinetic Chain Exercise, using an ‘extension table’, and also in Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise, using a Horizontal Leg-Press. This research was conducted in accordance with the National Council of Health (Resolution 196/96)

Envelhecimento ativo e saúde dos idosos de Loures: uma perspetiva multidisciplinar

A OMS define o envelhecimento ativo como o processo de otimizar as oportunidades de saúde, de participação na sociedade e de segurança a fim de melhorar a qualidade de vida à medida que as pessoas vão envelhecendo. O envelhecimento ativo permite que as pessoas realizem o seu potencial, nas várias vertentes da sua vida. A doença crónica é um dos fatores que fragilizam este processo nesse sentido, a promoção do envelhecimento ativo exige uma abordagem multidimensional e multidisciplinar que permita aos individuo idoso, um envelhecimento com uma maior qualidade de vida. Objetivo do estudo: caracterizar e avaliar aspetos da saúde, no envelhecimento da população idosa do concelho de Loures

Alternative products for the protection of vine against downy mildew

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de produtos alternativos na proteção da videira (Vitis vinifera) contra o míldio (Plasmopara viticola), bem como determinar a influência desses produtos na qualidade dos frutos da cultivar Merlot. Para o controle da doença, foram utilizados produtos à base de extratos vegetais, manano-oligossacarídeos fosforilados, fosfitos e acibenzolar-S-metil, além de fungicidas tradicionais. A intensidade do míldio em folhas e cachos, a produtividade, o número total de cachos por parcela, o peso médio do cacho e baga e as características analíticas do mosto foram avaliados nas safras de 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. Os fosfitos proporcionaram proteção contra o míldio da videira, com produtividade semelhante à do tratamento com fungicidas tradicionais. Os tratamentos baseados em manano-oligossacarídeos fosforilados, acibenzolar-S-metil e extratos vegetais não apresentaram controle eficiente do míldio. Os produtos alternativos testados não influenciam a qualidade analítica dos frutos, mas proporcionam, em geral, peso médio de cachos e de bagas menor que o do tratamento com fungicidas.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of alternative products for the protection of vine (Vitis vinifera) against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), and to determine the influence of these products on the quality of Merlot cultivar grapes. Products based on plant extracts, phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides, phosphites and acibenzolar-S-methyl, besides traditional fungicides, were used for the disease control. The intensity of downy mildew on leaves and bunches, productivity, total number of bunches per plot, average weight of bunch and berry and analytical characteristics of grapes were assessed during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons. Phosphites provided protection against downy mildew, and the yield was similar that of to the treatment with traditional fungicides. Treatments based on phosphorylated mannanoligosaccharides, acibenzolar-S-methyl and plant extracts showed no effective control of downy mildew. The alternative products tested do not influence the analytical quality of the grapes, but generally provide lower average weight of bunches and berries than the treatment with fungicides

Atividade elétrica dos músculos vasto mediai oblíquo e vasto lateral longo durante exercícios isométricos e isotônicos

The purpose of this work was to evaluate if the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) muscle had greater electrical activity than the vastus lateralis longus (VLL) muscle during exercises of maximal resistence isometric contraction (MRIC) and maximal resistence isotonic contraction (MRIsotC) performed in Leg-Press (VITALLY). The electrical activity of the VMO and VLL muscles was investigate in 12 adult volunteers no sedentary (X= 21.9; SD= 1.16), without prior hip, knee and ankle pathologies, using a 16-channel Electromyographic System and program of Data Aquisition (Digital Analogue Conversor - CAD 12/36 - 60K - AqDados 4.6 - LYNX Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda) and differential surface electrodes (DELSYS Inc.). The electromyographic records were measured by root mean square (RMS), in |J,V, and normalized as percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extension obtained in a flexion-extension table. The statistical analysis employed was the Wilcoxon test at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no difference between the electrical activity of the VMO and VLL muscles for both exercises studied (MRIC p=0.872; MRIsotC p=0.855). The data of this research, within the experimental conditions used, suggest that the VMO muscle can't be selectively recovered in relation to the VLL muscle by exercises of MRIC and MRIsotC.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se o músculo vasto mediai oblíquo (VMO) teria maior atividade elétrica do que o músculo vasto lateral longo (VLL), durante exercício de contração isométrica com resistência máxima (CIRM) e o de contração isotônica com resistência máxima (CIsotRM) realizado no equipamento Leg-Press (VITALLY). A atividade elétrica dos músculos VMO e VLL foi investigada em 12 voluntários adultos não sedentários (21,9 ± 1,16), sem patologias das articulações do quadril, joelho e tornozelo, por meio de um Conversor Analógico-Digital de 16 canais com programa de Aquisição de Dados (CAD 12/36-60K-AqDados 4 . 6 - LYNX Tecnologia Eletrônica Ltda) e eletrodos diferenciais de superfície (DELSYS Inc.). Os registros eletromiográficos foram expressos pela raiz quadrada da média (RMS), em JJ.V, e normalizados como porcentagem da contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) de extensão do joelho obtida em uma mesa flexo-extensora. A análise estatística empregada foi o teste de Wilcoxon em nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (CIRM p = 0,872; CIsotRM p = 0,855) entre a atividade elétrica dos músculos VMO e VLL em nenhum dos exercícios estudados. Os dados desta pesquisa, dentro das condições experimentais utilizadas, sugerem que o músculo VMO não pode ser recuperado seletivamente em relação ao músculo VLL realizando exercícios de CIRM e de CIsotRM no equipamento Leg-Press