Modelling and Control of Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems

At present, photovoltaic (PV) systems are taking a leading role as a solar-based renewable energy source (RES) because of their unique advantages. This trend is being increased especially in grid-connected applications because of the many benefits of using RESs in distributed generation (DG) systems. This new scenario imposes the requirement for an effective evaluation tool of grid-connected PV systems so as to predict accurately their dynamic performance under different operating conditions in order to make a comprehensive decision on the feasibility of incorporating this technology into the electric utility grid. This implies not only to identify the characteristics curves of PV modules or arrays, but also the dynamic behaviour of the electronic power conditioning system (PCS) for connecting to the utility grid. To this aim, this chapter discusses the full detailed modelling and the control design of a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic generator (PVG). The PV array model allows predicting with high precision the I-V and P-V curves of the PV panels/arrays. Moreover, the control scheme is presented with capabilities of simultaneously and independently regulating both active and reactive power exchange with the electric grid. The modelling and control of the three-phase grid-connected PVG are implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and validated by experimental tests

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Dynamic Modelling and Control Design of Advanced Photovoltaic Solar System for Distributed Generation Applications

Presently, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar systems are becoming the most important application of PV systems. This trend is being increased because of the many benefits of using renewable energy sources (RES) in modern distributed (or dispersed) generation (DG) systems. This electrical grid structure imposes on the distributed generator new requirements of high quality electric power, flexibility, efficiency and reliability. This paper proposes a novel high performance power conditioning system (PCS) of a three-phase grid-connected PV system and its control scheme for applications in DG systems. The PCS utilizes a two-stage energy conversion system topology composed of a DC/DC boost converter and a diode-clamped three-level voltage source inverter (VSI) that satisfies all the stated requirements. The model of the proposed PV array uses theoretical and empirical equations together with data provided by manufacturer of PV panels, solar radiation and cell temperature among others variables, in order to accurately predict the current-voltage curve. Moreover, based on the state-space averaging method a new three-level control scheme is designed, comprising a full decoupled current control strategy in the synchronous-rotating d-q frame, capable of simultaneously and independently exchanging both active and reactive powers with the distribution system. Validation of models and control algorithms is carried out through digital simulations using the MATLAB/Simulink environment and implementing a 250 Wp PV experimental set-up.Fil: Molina, Marcelo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Juanico, Luis Eduardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Power flow stabilization and control of microgrid with wind generation by superconducting magnetic energy storage

High penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind generation in microgrids (MGs) causes fluctuations of power flow and significantly affects the power system (PS) operation. This can lead to severe problems, such as system frequency oscillations, and/or violations of power lines capability. With the proper control, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is able to significantly enhance the dynamic security of the PS. In an SMES system, the power conditioning system (PCS) is the crucial component that directly influences the validity of the SMES in the dynamic control of the PS. This paper proposes the use of an improved SMES controller for the stabilization and control of the power flow of wind-hybrid MGs. In this sense, the design and implementation of a novel high-performance PCS scheme of the SMES is described. Moreover, a detailed model of the SMES unit is derived and a novel three-level control scheme is designed, comprising a full decoupled current control strategy in the d-q reference frame and an enhanced PS frequency controller. The dynamic performance of the proposed systems is fully validated by computer simulation.Fil: Molina, Marcelo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Pedro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Modelling and Control Design of Pitch-Controlled Variable Speed Wind Turbines

This chapter provides an overall perspective of modern wind power systems, including a discussion of major wind turbine concepts and technologies. More specifically, of the various wind turbine designs, pitch-controlled variable speed wind turbines controlled by means of power electronic converters have been considered. Among them, direct-in-line wind turbines with full-scale power converter and using direct-driven permanent magnet synchronous generators have increasingly drawn more interests to wind turbine manufactures due to its advantages over the other variable-speed wind turbines. Based on this issue, major operating characteristics of these devices are thoroughly analyzed and a three-phase grid-connected wind turbine system, incorporating a maximum power point tracker for dynamic active power generation is presented. Moreover, a simplified state-space averaged mathematical model of the wind turbine system is provided. An efficient power conditioning system of the selected wind turbine design and a new three-level control scheme by using concepts of instantaneous power in the synchronous-rotating d-q reference frame in order to simultaneously and independently control active and reactive power flow in the distribution network level are proposed. Dynamic system simulation studies in the MATLAB/Simulink environment is used in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-level control approaches in d-q coordinates and the full detailed models presented. The fast response of power electronic devices and the enhanced performance of the proposed control techniques allow taking full advantage of the wind turbine generator.Fil: Molina, Marcelo Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Pedro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentin

Stabilization and control of tie-line power flow of microgrid including wind generation by distributed energy storage

High penetration of wind generation in electrical microgrids causes fluctuations of tie-line power flow and significantly affects the power system operation. This can lead to severe problems, such as system frequency oscillations, and/or violations of power lines capability. With proper control, a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) integrated with superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is able to significantly enhance the dynamic security of the power system. This paper proposes the use of a SMES system in combination with a DSTATCOM as effective distributed energy storage (DES) for stabilization and control of the tie-line power flow of microgrids incorporating wind generation. A new detailed model of the integrated DSTATCOM-SMES device is derived and a novel three-level control scheme is designed. The dynamic performance of the proposed control schemes is fully validated using MATLAB/Simulink. © 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Fil: Molina, Marcelo Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; ArgentinaFil: Mercado, Pedro Enrique. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Energía Eléctrica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentin

Portal web de servicios adecua tu casa.com

El objetivo principal del desarrollo de este portal como complemento de estrategias de e-marketing para obtener clientes potenciales en el área de la construcción y, aprovechando las tecnologías de Internet es proporcionar y dar a conocer a usuarios, los distintos servicios que ofrece la empresa constructora Makurdi S.A. tales como: construcción, remodelación, ampliación adecuación, acabados e instalaciones eléctricas y sanitarias, utilizando mano de obra calificada que permitan garantizar la obra de acuerdo al presupuesto, diseño y tiempo acordados, buscando como resultado final la total satisfacción del cliente; los servicios ofrecido cubrirán inicialmente la zona urbana de la ciudad de Guayaquil. El portal ofrecerá como ventaja estratégica y competitiva, personal especializado, garantizado y estrictamente seleccionado; tanto de oficios como profesionales, en cada rama de la construcción (indicando su especialidad y experiencia) como: ingenieros, arquitectos, maestros de obra,, cerrajeros, electricistas, gasfiteros, decoradores, y expertos en estructuras, diseños, mampostería, acabados, etc.; adicionalmente se ofrecerán ofertas, testimonios, proveedores de materiales y servicios complementarios como: elaboración de planos, trámites municipales, estudio de suelos, u otros servicios de construcción, acoplándose de acuerdo a las necesidades y presupuesto de los usuarios interesado

Tensões entre a abordagem educacional STEM e a filosofia escolar: uma abordagem do estado da arte

This article is an approach to the state of the art of two heterogeneous fields of knowledge that are updated in the XXI century school: the school philosophy and the STEM educational approach, both fields are in tension, therefore, STEM education agency the transformation of the school for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (education 4.0) and the school philosophy is emerging as a knowledge subdued by the proliferation of discourses that focus their attention on technical-scientific knowledge. The revised documents are presented in order to establish the most recurrent themes and locate there the intensities that relate one document to another, all this in response to the “pragmatics of multiplicity” proposed by Deleuze and Guattari (2015). By stabilizing the intensities in a plane of consistency, there are two axes of tension, the first one goes from the didactic transposition of philosophy as school knowledge to the competences of the XXI century, the second axis stresses the educational approaches of school philosophy with the practices educational engineering. It is concluded that in the research field of education in Colombia there is a theoretical void regarding the relationship between STEM education and school philosophy, a void that can be filled with research that amplifies the tensions exposed in this article.              Este artículo es una aproximación al estado del arte de dos campos heterogéneos del saber que se actualizan en la escuela del siglo XXI: la filosofía escolar y el enfoque educativo STEM. Ambos campos se encuentran en tensión, pues la educación STEM agencia la transformación de la escuela para la cuarta revolución industrial (educación 4.0) y la filosofía escolar se perfila como un saber sometido por la proliferación de discursos que centran su atención en saberes técnico-científicos. Los documentos revisados se presentan inicialmente con el fin de establecer las temáticas de mayor recurrencia y localizar allí las intensidades que relacionan un documento con otro. Todo esto, atendiendo a la “pragmática de la multiplicidad” propuesta por Deleuze y Guattari (2015). Al estabilizar las intensidades en un plano de consistencia se presentan dos ejes de tensión, el primero va de la transposición didáctica de la filosofía como saber escolar a las competencias del siglo XXI, el segundo tensiona los enfoques educativos de la filosofía escolar con las prácticas educativas en ingeniería. Se concluye que en el campo investigativo de la educación en Colombia existe un vacío teórico sobre la relación entre educación STEM y filosofía escolar, vacío que puede llenarse con investigaciones que amplifiquen las tensiones expuestas en este artículo.Este artigo é uma aproximação ao estado da arte de dois campos heterogêneos do conhecimento que se atualizam na escola do século XXI: a filosofia escolar e a abordagem educacional STEM, ambos os campos estão em tensão, portanto, a educação STEM. agência a transformação da escola para a quarta revolução industrial (educação 4.0) e a filosofia escolar desponta como um saber subjugado pela proliferação de discursos que enfocam o saber técnico-científico. Os documentos revisados ​​são apresentados a fim de estabelecer os temas mais recorrentes e aí localizar as intensidades que relacionam um documento a outro, tudo isso em resposta à “pragmática da multiplicidade” proposta por Deleuze e Guattari (2015). Ao estabilizar as intensidades em um plano de consistência, surgem dois eixos de tensão, o primeiro vai de a transposição didática da filosofia como saber escolar para as competências do século XXI, o segundo eixo enfatiza as abordagens pedagógicas da filosofia escolar com as práticas engenharia educacional. Conclui-se que no campo da pesquisa em educação na Colômbia existe um vazio teórico a respeito da relação entre a educação STEM e a filosofia escolar, vazio que pode ser preenchido com pesquisas que ampliam as tensões expostas neste artigo