7 research outputs found
Discordant identification of pediatric severe sepsis by research and clinical definitions in the SPROUT international point prevalence study
Introduction: Consensus criteria for pediatric severe sepsis have standardized enrollment for research studies. However, the extent to which critically ill children identified by consensus criteria reflect physician diagnosis of severe sepsis, which underlies external validity for pediatric sepsis research, is not known. We sought to determine the agreement between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria to identify pediatric patients with severe sepsis across a network of international pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Methods: We conducted a point prevalence study involving 128 PICUs in 26 countries across 6 continents. Over the course of 5 study days, 6925 PICU patients <18 years of age were screened, and 706 with severe sepsis defined either by physician diagnosis or on the basis of 2005 International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference consensus criteria were enrolled. The primary endpoint was agreement of pediatric severe sepsis between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria as measured using Cohen's ?. Secondary endpoints included characteristics and clinical outcomes for patients identified using physician diagnosis versus consensus criteria. Results: Of the 706 patients, 301 (42.6 %) met both definitions. The inter-rater agreement (? ± SE) between physician diagnosis and consensus criteria was 0.57 ± 0.02. Of the 438 patients with a physician's diagnosis of severe sepsis, only 69 % (301 of 438) would have been eligible to participate in a clinical trial of pediatric severe sepsis that enrolled patients based on consensus criteria. Patients with physician-diagnosed severe sepsis who did not meet consensus criteria were younger and had lower severity of illness and lower PICU mortality than those meeting consensus criteria or both definitions. After controlling for age, severity of illness, number of comorbid conditions, and treatment in developed versus resource-limited regions, patients identified with severe sepsis by physician diagnosis alone or by consensus criteria alone did not have PICU mortality significantly different from that of patients identified by both physician diagnosis and consensus criteria. Conclusions: Physician diagnosis of pediatric severe sepsis achieved only moderate agreement with consensus criteria, with physicians diagnosing severe sepsis more broadly. Consequently, the results of a research study based on consensus criteria may have limited generalizability to nearly one-third of PICU patients diagnosed with severe sepsis
Métodos de superação de dormência em sementes de Ipomoea e Merremia Dormancy breaking methods in Ipomoea and Merremia seeds
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de métodos de superação de dormência sobre a germinação das sementes de Ipomoea grandifolia, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit, Merremia aegyptia e M. cissoides. Os tratamentos consistiram em ácido sulfúrico concentrado, nitrato de potássio, água quente e calor seco (50 ºC), lixa e fogo. Constatou-se que o ácido sulfúrico promoveu aumento na germinação das sementes de I. grandifolia (58, 37, 22 e 34%), I. hederifolia (76, 49, 82 e 55%), I. quamoclit (43, 33, 66 e 35%), I. nil (69, 79, 72 e 62%), M. cissoides (8, 19, 35 e 57%) e M. aegyptia (24, 64, 56 e 63%) após períodos de imersão de 5, 10, 15 e 20 minutos, respectivamente. A água (20 e 40 minutos), o calor seco (20 e 40 minutos) e o fogo melhoraram a germinação de I. grandifolia (68, 59, 62, 67 e 59%), M. cissoides (50, 52, 18, 25 e 46%) e M. aegyptia (54, 47, 21, 21 e 45%), respectivamente. O calor seco de 20 e 40 minutos melhorou a germinação de I. nil (49 e 36%), e o de 40 minutos, a de I. hederifolia (70%). O uso de nitrato de potássio e lixa não proporcionou melhoria na germinação das sementes.<br>This research aimed to evaluate the effects of dormancy breaking methods on germination of Ipomoea grandifolia, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. quamoclit, Merremia aegyptia and M. cissoides seeds. The treatments consisted of concentrated sulfuric acid, potassium nitrate, and mechanical and physical scarification for fire, water and dry heat at 50 ºC. The sulfuric acid increased seed germination of I. grandifolia (58, 37, 22 and 34 %), I. hederifolia (76, 49, 82 and 55%), I. quamoclit (43, 33, 66 and 35%), I. nil (69, 79, 72 e 62%), M. cissoides (8, 19, 35 and 57%) and M. aegyptia (24, 64, 56 and 63%) after 5, 10, 15 and 20 min, respectively. Water (20 and 40 min), dry heat (20 and 40 min) and fire increased germination of I. grandifolia (68, 59, 62, 67 and 59%), M. cissoides (50, 52, 18, 25 and 46%) and M. aegyptia (54, 47, 21, 21 and 45%), respectively. Dry heat (20 and 40 min) increased seed germination of I. nil (49 and 36%) and (40min) of I. hederifolia (70%). Potassium nitrate and sandpaper did not increase seed germination
The effect of garnishee orders on the personnel of the Department of Health, South Africa
Employees are confronted with garnishee orders on a daily
basis. This article presents the findings of a qualitative study
designed to explore the effect of garnishee orders on personnel.
The results indicated that employees viewed internal and
external factors as the reason for their financial difficulties and
felt trapped by overindebtedness. This resulted in psychosocial
and occupational maladjustments. The study also revealed that
the participants’ thought they would benefit from regular
guidance and training in personal financial management.http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wjwb202017-12-31hb2016Social Work and Criminolog
Acute kidney injury in pediatric severe sepsis : An independent risk factor for death and new disability
Objectives: The prevalence of septic acute kidney injury and impact on functional status of PICU survivors are unknown. We used data from an international prospective severe sepsis study to elucidate functional outcomes of children suffering septic acute kidney injury. Design: Secondary analysis of patients in the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies point prevalence study: acute kidney injury was defined on the study day using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definitions. Patients with no acute kidney injury or stage 1 acute kidney injury ("no/mild acute kidney injury") were compared with those with stage 2 or 3 acute kidney injury ("severe acute kidney injury"). The primary outcome was a composite of death or new moderate disability at discharge defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of 3 or higher and increased by 1 from baseline. Setting: One hundred twenty-eight PICUs in 26 countries. Patients: Children with severe sepsis in the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies study. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: One hundred two (21%) of 493 patients had severe acute kidney injury. More than twice as many patients with severe acute kidney injury died or developed new moderate disability compared with those with no/mild acute kidney injury (64% vs 30%; p Conclusions: In a multinational cohort of critically ill children with severe sepsis and high mortality rates, septic acute kidney injury is independently associated with further increased death or new disability.</p
New or Progressive Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome in Pediatric Severe Sepsis: A Sepsis Phenotype With Higher Morbidity and Mortality
Objectives: To describe the epidemiology, morbidity, and mortality of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in children with severe sepsis. Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, point prevalence study. Setting: International, multicenter PICUs. Patients: Pediatric patients with severe sepsis identified on five separate days over a 1-year period. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of 567 patients from 128 PICUs in 26 countries enrolled, 384 (68%) developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within 7 days of severe sepsis recognition. Three hundred twenty-seven had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome on the day of sepsis recognition. Ninety-one of these patients developed progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, whereas an additional 57 patients subsequently developed new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, yielding a total proportion with severe sepsis-associated new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome of 26%. Hospital mortality in patients with progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 51% compared with patients with new multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (28%) and those with single-organ dysfunction without multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (10%) (p < 0.001). Survivors of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome also had a higher frequency of moderate to severe disability defined as a Pediatric Overall Performance Category score of greater than or equal to 3 and an increase of greater than or equal to 1 from baseline: 22% versus 29% versus 11% for progressive, new, and no multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Development of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is common (26%) in severe sepsis and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality than severe sepsis without new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Our data support the use of new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as an important outcome in trials of pediatric severe sepsis although efforts are needed to validate whether reducing new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome leads to improvements in more definitive morbidity and mortality endpoints
Comparison of Pediatric Severe Sepsis Managed in U.S. and European ICUs
Copyright © 2016 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.Objectives: Pediatric severe sepsis remains a significant global health problem without new therapies despite many multicenter clinical trials. We compared children managed with severe sepsis in European and U.S. PICUs to identify geographic variation, which may improve the design of future international studies. Design: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies study. Data about PICU characteristics, patient demographics, therapies, and outcomes were compared. Multivariable regression models were used to determine adjusted differences in morbidity and mortality. Setting: European and U.S. PICUs. Patients: Children with severe sepsis managed in European and U.S. PICUs enrolled in the Sepsis PRevalence, OUtcomes, and Therapies study. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: European PICUs had fewer beds (median, 11 vs 24; p < 0.001). European patients were younger (median, 1 vs 6 yr; p < 0.001), had higher severity of illness (median Pediatric Index of Mortality-3, 5.0 vs 3.8; p = 0.02), and were more often admitted from the ward (37% vs 24%). Invasive mechanical ventilation, central venous access, and vasoactive infusions were used more frequently in European patients (85% vs 68%, p = 0.002; 91% vs 82%, p = 0.05; and 71% vs 50%; p < 0.001, respectively). Raw morbidity and mortality outcomes were worse for European compared with U.S. patients, but after adjusting for patient characteristics, there were no significant differences in mortality, multiple organ dysfunction, disability at discharge, length of stay, or ventilator/vasoactive-free days. Conclusions: Children with severe sepsis admitted to European PICUs have higher severity of illness, are more likely to be admitted from hospital wards, and receive more intensive care therapies than in the United States. The lack of significant differences in morbidity and mortality after adjusting for patient characteristics suggests that the approach to care between regions, perhaps related to PICU bed availability, needs to be considered in the design of future international clinical trials in pediatric severe sepsis
Risk Factors for Mortality in Pediatric Postsurgical versus Medical Severe Sepsis
Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery. Most studies
regarding sepsis do not differentiate between patients who have had recent surgery and
those without. Few data exist regarding the risk factors for poor outcomes in pediatric
postsurgical sepsis. Our hypothesis is pediatric postsurgical, and medical patients with
severe sepsis have unique risk factors for mortality.
Methods: Data were extracted from a secondary analysis of an international point preva-
lence study of pediatric severe sepsis. Sites included 128 pediatric intensive care units from
26 countries. Pediatric patients with severe sepsis were categorized into those who had
recent surgery (postsurgical sepsis) versus those that did not (medical sepsis) before sepsis
onset. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors for
mortality.
Results: A total of 556 patients were included: 138 with postsurgical and 418 with medical
sepsis. In postsurgical sepsis, older age, admission from the hospital ward, multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome at sepsis recognition, and cardiovascular and respiratory comor-
bidities were independent risk factors for death. In medical sepsis, resource-limited region,
hospital-acquired infection, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome at sepsis recognition,
higher Pediatric Index of Mortality-3 score, and malignancy were independent risk factors
for death.
Conclusions: Pediatric patients with postsurgical sepsis had different risk factors for mor-
tality compared with medical sepsis. This included a higher mortality risk in postsurgical
patients presenting to the intensive care unit from the hospital ward. These data suggest
an opportunity to develop and test early warning systems specific to pediatric sepsis in the
postsurgical population