Domestic architecture of the Sinhalese elite in the age of nationalism

Domestic architecture of the Sinhalese elites in Sri Lanka remained as unchartered territory until recently. Having focused on the period of nationalism, which indeed is an area in oblivion (both historically and architecturally), this research established that the elite are in a position to better represent/evoke the shifting political/social/cultural forces (i.e. periodic changes) through their architecture within the Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) society. This was the foremost research question tackled. Moreover, the works of the architects Geoffrey Bawa and Valentine Gunasekara were singled-out for being two most varying trajectories aimed at the elite; the background study of post-independence architecture having led the way. How they represented the aspirations of two differing elite groups - the 'governing elite' and the 'political-class' - was then confirmed having placed them against the extant elitist theories. Moreover, the cultural strands of the Ceylonese elite to survive from pre-colonial and colonial situations were identified, and how the articulations became evident in their domestic architectures was assessed through case studies. On the other hand, as broader aims, the applicability of the outcome of the main research question to contexts other than Sri Lanka, communities other than the Sinhalese, or time periods that draw their meanings for being historically/architecturally significant, were established. Other than the foregoing unique contributions to knowledge, the enquiry into the area of elitism was significant

MENENTUKAN PRIORITAS PELAYANAN HOTEL ISTANA XII DI ERA COVID 19 MENGGUNAKAN METODE AHP (ANALITICAL HIERARCHY PROCCES)

Industri perhotelan saat ini memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam melengkapi pariwisata, karena menyediakan akomodasi untuk wisatawan yang menginap. Hotel sebagai sarana akomodasi yang merupakan kebutuhan vital para pelancong selain sebagai fasilitas yang menyedikan jasa penginapan, juga sebagai penunjang perjalanan wisata. Pandemi corona melumpuhkan berbagai industri, khususnya perhotelan dan penerbangan. Banyak perbatasan internasional yang ditutup. Bahkan beberapa wilayah menerapkan jam malam, pandemi akan mempengaruhi kinerja sektor perhotelan selama 4-6 bulan. Tingkat huniannya akan berkurang 25-50% year on year pada semester awal 2020. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang sudah dilakukan dapat dilihat bahwa bobot kriteria utama yang mempunyai bobot terbesar adalah kriteria protokol kesehatan layanan kontak fisik dengan bobot 57,5% kemudian pada Fasilitas covid 19 dengan bobot sebesar 42,5%, sedangkan pada bobot subkriteria terhadap alternatif 4 merupakan bobot tertinggi dengan nilai bobot 44% dan pada subkriteria terhadap alternatif 2 merupakan bobot terendak dengan nilai bobot sebesar 30,07%

Effects of Ring Fluorination on the Ultraviolet Photodissociation Dynamics of Phenol

The dynamics of photoinduced O-H bond fission in five fluorinated phenols (2-fluorophenol, 3-fluorophenol, 2,6-difluorophenol, 3,4,5-trifluorophenol, and pentafluorophenol) have been investigated by H Rydberg atom photofragment translational spectroscopy following excitation at many wavelengths in the range 220 ≤ λ ≤ 275 nm. The presence of multiple fluorine substituents reduces the efficiency of O-H bond fission (by tunneling) from the first excited (11π π) electronic state, whereas all bar the perfluorinated species undergo O-H bond fission when excited at shorter wavelengths (to the 21π π∗ state). As in bare phenol, O-H bond fission is deduced to occur by non-adiabatic coupling at conical intersections between the photoprepared "bright"π π∗ states and the 11πσ∗ potential energy surface. In all cases, the fluorophenoxyl photoproducts are found to be formed in a range of vibrational levels, all of which include an odd number of quanta (typically one) in an out-of-plane (a″) vibrational mode; this product vibration is viewed as a legacy of the parent out-of-plane motions that promote non-adiabatic coupling to the dissociative 11πσ∗ potential. The radical products also show activity in in-plane vibrations involving coupled (both in- and out-of-phase) C-O and C-F wagging motions, which can be traced to the impulse between the recoiling O and H atoms and, in detail, are sensitive to the presence (or not) of an intramolecular F···H-O hydrogen bond. Upper limit values for the O-H bond dissociation energies are reported for all molecules studied apart from pentafluorophenol

Formulation and Evaluation of Spray-Dried Esomeprazole Magnesium Microspheres

Purpose: To prepare and evaluate in vitro mucoadhesive esomeprazole magnesium microspheres for the treatment of Zollinger Ellison syndrome.Methods: The microspheres were prepared by spray drying technique using locust bean and xanthan gums as polymers. Esomeprazole magnesium was entrapped in the microspheres at various polymer/cross-linking ratios. Glutaraldehyde was used to cross-link the gums. The microspheres wereevaluated for their micromeritic properties and in vitro release. as well as by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: The microspheres were discrete, spherical, and showed good drug entrapment efficiency (60.5 - 92.3 %). FTIR and DSC results indicate that the drug was compatible with the polymers used. Amongst all the formulations, F6 (drug:locust bean gum:xanthan gum, 1:2:2) showed the most suitable sustained release properties with 99.8 % of drug released at the end of 12 h.Conclusion: Microspheres prepared using locust bean and xanthan gums can be used as a sustained release delivery system for esomeprazole magnesium.Keywords: Spray drying, Microspheres, Esomeprazole magnesium, Sustained releas

Electric filed intensity of the lightning strikes on lightning air terminals installed on building structures

Lightning activities are growing up rapidly with global warming. It can affect anything on the earth. All the constructed buildings need proper protection from the harmful effect of lightning. Lightning strike points on different geometrical shapes have been investigated. Lightning strike distribution of different building structure is very important to be studied. In order to analyse the maximum effect of lightning strike pattern is obtained of different air terminals installed on scaled building structures. High voltage impulse generator is used in order to get the impulse voltage. Different numbers of air terminals have been applied to all the shapes in order to see the lightning strike points. Electric field is obtained in order to see its minimum and maximum effect on the entire building structure. Interestingly the phenomenon of lightning air terminal bypasses has been proved in this paper

Fracture panfaciale: un challenge thérapeutique: à propos d’une observation et revue de la littérature

La gestion des traumatismes de la face a subi plusieurs progrès dans la dernière décennie. Avec l'avènement de la tomodensitométrie bi- ettridimensionnelle, qui permet de dresser une cartographie précise des lésions osseuses, le développement du matériel d'ostéosynthèse, et lesprocédés de réduction des fractures. L'objectif est la restauration totale de la forme et la fonction de la face, seul garant pour empêcher lasurvenue de préjudices esthétiques et fonctionnels. Nous rapportons l'observation de Mme assal khadija, âgée de 38 ans, admise le 25 Aout 2010, au service des urgences d'ORL et maxillo-faciales, à l'hôpital 20 aout de Casablanca, victime d'un AVP, occasionnant un traumatisme facial grave, avec un important délabrement de la face, et asphyxie. Une trachéotomie a été réalisée en urgence. Le bilan lésionnel a objectivé un important fracas du massif facial intéressant l'étage supérieure, moyen et inférieur. Dans l'immédiat, un parage a été réalisé sous anesthésie  générale, la réparation des parties molles délabrées a été effectuée en endobuccale (vestibules, langue et plancher buccal) et pour les téguments de la face. Une semaine après, la patiente a été reprise pour la  reconstruction du massif facial, nous avons opté pour le «inside-out, de bas en haut" pour la réduction des fractures. Nous avons procédé à la fixation de la mandibule qui a précédé la reconstruction du maxillaire, de la pyramide nasale, et de l'orbite. L'évolution a été marquée par  l'apparition d'un orostome, qui fera l'objet après tarissement de l'infection, d'une réparation grâce à un lambeau myocutané, et une nécrose cutanée de la région zygomatique laissée à la cicatrisation dirigée. Toutes les  lésions traumatiques de la face ont des répercussions esthétiques et fonctionnelles à moyen et long termes, dont le degré dépend de la qualité de la prise en charge, qui étant la plus précoce et la plus complète possible avant la consolidation des fractures est le meilleur garant d'un résultat satisfaisant à long terme

Rekeningkunde 2B

Exam paper for second semeste

Rekeningkundige Studies 100

Exam paper (Additional Assessment) for second semeste

A novel therapeutic effect of mannitol-rich extract from the brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium using in vitro and in vivo models

Background: Wound healing is an active, complex, integrated series of cellular, physiological, and biochemical changes initiated by the stimulus of injury in a tissue. The present study was performed to investigate the potential wound healing abilities of Sargassum ilicifolium crude extracts (CE) that were characterized by 1H NMR and FTIR Spectrometric measurements. Materials and methods: Seaweed samples were collected from southern coastal sites of Sri Lanka. To determine the cytotoxicity and proliferation of S. ilicifolium CE were used for the MTT and alamarBlue assays respectively. The scratch and exclusion wound models were used to HaCaT and HDF cells to assess the cell proliferation and migration. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) were used to evaluate Nitric Oxide (NO) production and phagocytosis activities. Moreover, Fifteen, 8-week-old, female, New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into five groups: excision skin wounds (10.40 ± 0.60 mm) were induced in groups I, II, and III. Rabbits in groups I and IV were given S. ilicifolium CE (orally, 100 mg/kg day, two weeks), whereas groups II and V were given equal amounts of distilled water. Wound healing properties were measured and wound tissue samples were collated, formalin-fixed, wax-embedded, stained (Hematoxylin and Eosin; Van Gieson) and examined for the healing process. Results: Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities were observed in RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts when compared to the control groups. S. ilicifolium extracts concentration 8 - 4 μg/μL, (P<0.05) had remarkable the highest proliferative and migratory effects on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cells when compared with the control. RAW 264.7 cell proliferation and/or migration were higher in S. ilicifolium extracts (4 μg/μL, 232.8 ± 10.07%) compared with the control (100 %). Scratch wound healing were remarkably enhanced in 24 h, 48 h (P<0.05) when treated with S. ilicifolium on HaCaT cells. Rabbits treated with the CE of S. ilicifolium showed a significantly increased wound healing activities (P<0.05) within three days with a close wound area of 57.21 ± 0.77 % compared with control group (26.63 ± 1.09 %). Histopathology, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels evidenced no toxic effects on seaweed treated groups. Histopathological results also revealed that the healing process was significantly faster in the rabbit groups which were as treated with CE of S. ilicifolium orally with the evidence of enhanced early granulation tissue (connective tissue and angiogenesis) and significant epithelization compared to the control. Conclusions: Cell proliferation and migration are significantly faster when treated with S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts. Moreover, there are no toxic effect of S. ilicifolium aqueous extracts on RAW 264.7, HDF and HaCaT cell lines. In this study, it is revealed that S. ilicifolium has potential remedial agent; D-Mannitol for skin wound healing properties that by promote keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation and migration. These findings show that S. ilicifolium have promising wound healing properties