Sosialisasi Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Remaja Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas terhadap Akne Vulgaris

Usia remaja (usia 15-18 tahun) merupakan usia yang rentan mengalami akne vulgaris karena terjadi perubahan fluktuasi hormonal (terutama hormon androgen). Akne vulgaris merupakan suatu kelainan pilosebaceous yang umumnya sering dijumpai pada usia 12-25 tahun. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa-siswi SMAN 1 Kota Lhokseumawe terhadap akne vulgaris sehingga dapat menurunkan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris. Penurunan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris diharapkan dapat menurunkan tingkat bekas akne yang ditimbulkan dan dapat memperbaiki kualitas hidup penderita akne. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah melalui tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan pengabdian dan monitoring serta evaluasi. Pengabdi menilai ada tidaknya peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap peserta melalui evaluasi terhadap kuesioner pretest dan posttest serta penilaian hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap dengan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris. Sebagian besar siswa SMAN 1 Kota Lhokseumawe memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik baik pada pretest maupun saat posttest dengan persentase berturut-turut 72% dan meningkat menjadi 96% setelah posttest. Mayoritas peserta pengabdian juga memiliki sikap yang baik terhadap akne vulgaris yaitu sebesar 88% pada saat pretest dan meningkat menjadi 96% setelah posttest.Tingkat dan pengetahuan siswa SMAN 1 persentase nya menunjukkan peningkatkan setelah kegiatan sosialisasi pengabdian yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan persentase siswa yang berpengetahuan dan bersikap baik serta tidak adanya siswa yang memliki pengetahuan dan sikap buruk setelah sosialisasi. Kesimpulan dari pengabdian ini didapatkan Tingkat pengetahuan yang baik terhadap akne vulgaris akan disertai dengan sikap yang baik sehingga dapat mengurangi derajat keparahan akne dan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan (skar permanen dan penurunan rasa percaya diri)

Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Menjalani Hemodialisa Di Rsud Moewardi Surakarta

Hemodialysis actions indirectly affect the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure. Quality of life is closely related to the support of family, because family support is the attitude, actions and acceptance of the families of patients who are sick. Family support can be given to patients with hemodialysis include emotional, esteem, information, instrumental, and support for social networks, all of which became a form of family support. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of family support and quality of life in hemodialysis patients in hospitals Moewardi Surakarta. The design study is a quantitative correlation method. The population in this study were 111 patients undergoing hemodialysis every week with a sample of 87 respondents. The independent variable in this study is the family support consisted of emotional support, appreciation, instrumental, information, and social networking. While the dependent variable is the quality of life research. Data were analyzed using contingency coefficient test. The study concluded that there is a relationship between family support with the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis therapy with ρvalue = 0,000 <α (0.05) with Contingensi coefficient (C) of 0,447, it means that the better support a family, the more good quality of life. While the family support to support each dimension of the relation of emotional support and quality of life of patients with ρvalue = 0.000 <0.05 C at 0,483, the association awards support the quality of life of patients with ρvalue value = 0.000 <0.05 C of 0.504, instrumental support relationships with the quality of life of patients with ρvalue = 0.001 <0.05 C of 0.412, relationship information support and quality of life of patients with ρvalue = 0.000 <0.05 C of 0.460, social networking support relationships with quality of life of patients with ρvalue = 0.000 <0.05 C at 0.360. So it concluded the most closely related family support is the support award. Suggested families always provide emotional support, respect, instrumental, information and social network with both the hemodialysis patients that patients can improve their quality of life. For medical personnel need to maintain and improve services, and provide motivation for the family in providing support. For further research is expected to perform more complex research and provide benefits to the respondent

Increased prevalence of rotavirus among children associated gastroenteritis in Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study is to assess the epidemiology along with the molecular structure of rotavirus causing pediatric diarrhea among Saudi patients. However, in this report we sited the epidemiological reflect coming from our project

Multimodal microscopy for automated histologic analysis of prostate cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prostate cancer is the single most prevalent cancer in US men whose gold standard of diagnosis is histologic assessment of biopsies. Manual assessment of stained tissue of all biopsies limits speed and accuracy in clinical practice and research of prostate cancer diagnosis. We sought to develop a fully-automated multimodal microscopy method to distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous tissue samples.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We recorded chemical data from an unstained tissue microarray (TMA) using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging. Using pattern recognition, we identified epithelial cells without user input. We fused the cell type information with the corresponding stained images commonly used in clinical practice. Extracted morphological features, optimized by two-stage feature selection method using a minimum-redundancy-maximal-relevance (mRMR) criterion and sequential floating forward selection (SFFS), were applied to classify tissue samples as cancer or non-cancer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We achieved high accuracy (area under ROC curve (AUC) >0.97) in cross-validations on each of two data sets that were stained under different conditions. When the classifier was trained on one data set and tested on the other data set, an AUC value of ~0.95 was observed. In the absence of IR data, the performance of the same classification system dropped for both data sets and between data sets.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We were able to achieve very effective fusion of the information from two different images that provide very different types of data with different characteristics. The method is entirely transparent to a user and does not involve any adjustment or decision-making based on spectral data. By combining the IR and optical data, we achieved high accurate classification.</p

The importance of alternative host plants as reservoirs of the cotton leaf hopper, Amrasca devastans, and its natural enemies

Many agricultural pests can be harboured by alternative host plants but these can also harbour the pests’ natural enemies. We evaluated the capacity of non-cotton plant species (both naturally growing and cultivated) to function as alternative hosts for the cotton leaf hopper Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Ciccadellidae) and its natural enemies. Forty-eight species harboured A. devastans. Twenty-four species were true breeding hosts, bearing both nymphal and adult A. devastans, the rest were incidental hosts. The crop Ricinus communis and the vegetables Abelmoschus esculentus and Solanum melongena had the highest potential for harbouring A. devastans and carrying it over into the seedling cotton crop. Natural enemies found on true alternative host plants were spiders, predatory insects (Chrysoperla carnea, Coccinellids, Orius spp. and Geocoris spp.) and two species of egg parasitoids (Arescon enocki and Anagrus sp.). Predators were found on 23 species of alternative host plants, especially R. communis. Parasitoids emerged from one crop species (R. communis) and three vegetable species; with 39 % of A. devastans parasitised. We conclude that the presence of alternative host plants provides both advantages and disadvantages to the cotton agro-ecosystem because they are a source of both natural enemy and pest species. To reduce damage by A. devastans, we recommend that weeds that harbour the pest should be removed, that cotton cultivation with R. communis, A. esculentus, and S. melongena should be avoided, that pesticides should be applied sparingly to cultivate alternative host plants and that cotton crops should be sown earlier

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76–2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. Interpretation: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability