Smart Content Recognition from Images Using a Mixture of Convolutional Neural Networks

With rapid development of the Internet, web contents become huge. Most of the websites are publicly available, and anyone can access the contents from anywhere such as workplace, home and even schools. Nevertheless, not all the web contents are appropriate for all users, especially children. An example of these contents is pornography images which should be restricted to certain age group. Besides, these images are not safe for work (NSFW) in which employees should not be seen accessing such contents during work. Recently, convolutional neural networks have been successfully applied to many computer vision problems. Inspired by these successes, we propose a mixture of convolutional neural networks for adult content recognition. Unlike other works, our method is formulated on a weighted sum of multiple deep neural network models. The weights of each CNN models are expressed as a linear regression problem learned using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms both single CNN model and the average sum of CNN models in adult content recognition.Comment: To be published in LNEE, Code: github.com/mundher/NSF

Highly Stable Luminous "snakes" from CsPbX3 Perovskite Nanocrystals Anchored on Amine-Coated Silica Nanowires

CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are known for their exceptional optoelectronic properties, yet the material's instability toward polar solvents, heat, or UV irradiation greatly limits its further applications. Herein, an efficient in situ growing strategy has been developed to give highly stable perovskite NC composites (abbreviated CsPbX3@CA-SiO2) by anchoring CsPbX3 NCs onto silica nanowires (NWs), which effectively depresses the optical degradation of their photoluminescence (PL) and enhances stability. The preparation of surface-functionalized serpentine silica NWs is realized by a sol-gel process involving hydrolysis of a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane (TMODS) in a water/oil emulsion. The serpentine NWs are formed via an anisotropic growth with lengths up to 8 μm. The free amino groups are employed as surface ligands for growing perovskite NCs, yielding distributed monodisperse NCs (∼8 nm) around the NW matrix. The emission wavelength is tunable by simple variation of the halide compositions (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, or I), and the composites demonstrate a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY 32-69%). Additionally, we have demonstrated the composites CsPbX3@CA-SiO2 can be self-woven to form a porous 3D hierarchical NWs membrane, giving rise to a superhydrophobic surface with hierarchical micro/nano structural features. The resulting composites exhibit high stability toward water, heat, and UV irradiation. This work elucidates an effective strategy to incorporate perovskite nanocrystals onto functional matrices as multifunctional stable light sources

Treatment of Linear and Nonlinear Dielectric Property of Molecular Monolayer and Submonolayer with Microscopic Dipole Lattice Model: I. Second Harmonic Generation and Sum-Frequency Generation

In the currently accepted models of the nonlinear optics, the nonlinear radiation was treated as the result of an infinitesimally thin polarization sheet layer, and a three layer model was generally employed. The direct consequence of this approach is that an apriori dielectric constant, which still does not have a clear definition, has to be assigned to this polarization layer. Because the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and the Sum-Frequency Generation vibrational Spectroscopy (SFG-VS) have been proven as the sensitive probes for interfaces with the submonolayer coverage, the treatment based on the more realistic discrete induced dipole model needs to be developed. Here we show that following the molecular optics theory approach the SHG, as well as the SFG-VS, radiation from the monolayer or submonolayer at an interface can be rigorously treated as the radiation from an induced dipole lattice at the interface. In this approach, the introduction of the polarization sheet is no longer necessary. Therefore, the ambiguity of the unaccounted dielectric constant of the polarization layer is no longer an issue. Moreover, the anisotropic two dimensional microscopic local field factors can be explicitly expressed with the linear polarizability tensors of the interfacial molecules. Based on the planewise dipole sum rule in the molecular monolayer, crucial experimental tests of this microscopic treatment with SHG and SFG-VS are discussed. Many puzzles in the literature of surface SHG and SFG spectroscopy studies can also be understood or resolved in this framework. This new treatment may provide a solid basis for the quantitative analysis in the surface SHG and SFG studies.Comment: 23 pages, 3 figure

Testate amoebae as a hydrological proxy for reconstructing water-table depth in the mires of south-eastern Australia

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordAlthough it is well established that moisture availability in south-eastern Australia has been decreasing through time recently, the driver(s) of this trend are contentious, and our understanding of any drivers is limited by a relatively short historic record. Testate amoebae have been widely used to reconstruct peatland hydrology in the Northern Hemisphere, but in the Southern Hemisphere research is still needed to assess their proficiency as a palaeohydrological proxy and to develop robust transfer functions. Here we examine the ecology of testate amoebae in several high altitude mires in south-eastern Australia and present the first transfer function for the continent. Euglypha tuberculata type, Centropyxis platystoma type and Assulina muscorum were the most common taxa in our modern samples. Water-table depth was the primary environmental variable determining testate amoebae assemblages and therefore transfer functions were developed for this ecological factor. We found that the performance of various all-species and species-pruned transfer functions were statistically robust, with R2 values of around 0.8 and Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEP) values of about 7 cm. All cross-validation methods (leave-one-out RMSEP, cluster-bootstrap RMSEP, segment-wise RMSEP and leave-one-site-out RMSEP from all-species and species-pruned transfer functions) suggested that the Modern Analogue Technique (MAT) was the best performing transfer function, with negligible bias evident from un-even sampling and spatial autocorrelation. We also used a new approach to evaluate the importance of taxa and the performance of our transfer functions using species-pruned methods. Our results suggest that the all-species MAT, with an RMSEP of 5.73 and R2 of 0.86, provides the best reconstruction of water-table depth across our sites in south-eastern Australia.Australian National Universit

Hydrogen adsorption capacity of adatoms on double carbon vacancies of graphene: A trend study from first principles

Structural stability and hydrogen adsorption capacity are two key quantities in evaluating the potential of metal-adatom decorated graphene for hydrogen storage and related devices. We have carried out extensive density functional theory calculations for the adsorption of hydrogen molecules on 12 different adatom (Ag, Au, Ca, Li, Mg, Pd, Pt, Sc, Sr, Ti, Y, and Zr) decorated graphene surfaces where the adatoms are found to be stabilized on double carbon vacancies, thus overcoming the "clustering problem" that occurs for adatoms on pristine graphene. Ca and Sr are predicted to bind the greatest number, namely six, of H2 molecules. We find an interesting correlation between the hydrogen capacity and the change of charge distribution with increasing H2 adsorption, where Ca, Li, Mg, Sc, Ti, Y, Sr, and Zr adatoms are partial electron donors and Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt are partial electron acceptors. The "18-electron rule" for predicting maximum hydrogen capacity is found not to be a reliable indicator for these systems. © 2013 American Physical Society

Wired metal-organic chalcogenides

Rey Garcia, F.; Jorda Moret, JL. (2017). Bottom-up synthesis: Wired metal-organic chalcogenides. Nature Materials. 16(3):287-288. doi:10.1038/nmat4850S287288163Moliner, M., Rey, F. & Corma, A. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 13880–13889 (2013).Zeolites and Catalysis: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications Vol. 2 (eds Cejka, J., Corma, A. & Zones, S. I.) 389–861 (Wiley, 2010).Furukawa, H., Cordova, K. E., O'Keeffe, M. & Yaghi, O. M. Science 341, 1230444 (2013).Yan, H. et al. Nat. Mater. 16, 349–355 (2017).Bedard, R. L., Vail, L. D., Wilson, S. T., Oak, S. & Flanigen, E. M. US patent 4,880,761 (1989).Bowes, C. L. et al. Chem. Mater. 8, 2147–2152 (1996).MacLachlan, M. J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 12005–12017 (1999).Zheng, N., Bu, X., Wang, B. & Feng, P. Science 298, 2366–2369 (2002).Dance, I. G., Garbutt, R. G. & Scudder, M. L. Inorg. Chem. 29, 1571–1575 (1990).Dance, I. G., Garbutt, R. G., Craig, D. C. & Scudder, M. L. Inorg. Chem. 26, 4057–4064 (1987)

Interpreting 16S metagenomic data without clustering to achieve sub-OTU resolution

The standard approach to analyzing 16S tag sequence data, which relies on clustering reads by sequence similarity into Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), underexploits the accuracy of modern sequencing technology. We present a clustering-free approach to multi-sample Illumina datasets that can identify independent bacterial subpopulations regardless of the similarity of their 16S tag sequences. Using published data from a longitudinal time-series study of human tongue microbiota, we are able to resolve within standard 97% similarity OTUs up to 20 distinct subpopulations, all ecologically distinct but with 16S tags differing by as little as 1 nucleotide (99.2% similarity). A comparative analysis of oral communities of two cohabiting individuals reveals that most such subpopulations are shared between the two communities at 100% sequence identity, and that dynamical similarity between subpopulations in one host is strongly predictive of dynamical similarity between the same subpopulations in the other host. Our method can also be applied to samples collected in cross-sectional studies and can be used with the 454 sequencing platform. We discuss how the sub-OTU resolution of our approach can provide new insight into factors shaping community assembly.Comment: Updated to match the published version. 12 pages, 5 figures + supplement. Significantly revised for clarity, references added, results not change

Urbanization and seasonality strengthens the CO2 capacity of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

Tropical rivers are dynamic CO2 sources. Regional patterns in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and relationships with other a/biotic factors in densely populated and rapidly developing river delta regions of Southeast Asia are still poorly constrained. Over one year, at 21 sites across the river system in the Red River Delta (RRD), Vietnam, we calculated pCO2 levels from temperature, pH, and total alkalinity and inter-linkages between pCO2 and phytoplankton, water chemistry and seasonality were then assessed. The smaller, more urbanized, and polluted Day River had an annual median pCO2 of 5000 ± 3300 µatm and the larger Red River of 2675 ± 2271 µatm. pCO2 was 1.6 and 3.2 times higher during the dry season in the Day and Red rivers respectively than the rainy season. Elevated pCO2 levels in the Day River during the dry season were also 2.4-fold higher than the median value (2811 ± 3577 µatm) of calculated and direct pCO2 measurements in >20 sub/tropical rivers. By further categorizing the river data into Hanoi City vs. other less urban-populated provinces, we found significantly higher nutrients, organic matter content, and riverine cyanobacteria during the dry season in the Day River across Hanoi City. Forward selection also identified riverine cyanobacteria and river discharge as the main predictors explaining pCO2 variation in the RRD. After accounting for the shared effects (14%), river discharge alone significantly explained 12% of the pCO2 variation, cyanobacteria uniquely a further 21%, while 53% of the pCO2 variance was unexplained by either. We show that the urbanization of rivers deltas could result in increased sources of riverine pCO2, water pollution, and harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Such risks could be mitigated through water management to increase water flows in problem areas during the dry season

Electronic Devices Based on Purified Carbon Nanotubes Grown By High Pressure Decomposition of Carbon Monoxide

The excellent properties of transistors, wires, and sensors made from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) make them promising candidates for use in advanced nanoelectronic systems. Gas-phase growth procedures such as the high pressure decomposition of carbon monoxide (HiPCO) method yield large quantities of small diameter semiconducting SWNTs, which are ideal for use in nanoelectronic circuits. As-grown HiPCO material, however, commonly contains a large fraction of carbonaceous impurities that degrade properties of SWNT devices. Here we demonstrate a purification, deposition, and fabrication process that yields devices consisting of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes with electronic characteristics vastly superior to those of circuits made from raw HiPCO. Source-drain current measurements on the circuits as a function of temperature and backgate voltage are used to quantify the energy gap of semiconducting nanotubes in a field effect transistor geometry. This work demonstrates significant progress towards the goal of producing complex integrated circuits from bulk-grown SWNT material.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Nature Material