Two Gestational Sacs, Two Locations - Heterotopic Pregnancy - Case Report

Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) is defined as two gestational sacs simultaneously present in two different locations, being the uterus and the fallopian tubes the more common. Sporadic HP is a very rare condition (1:30,000 pregnancies). With the use of medically assisted reproduction the prevalence is significantly higher(1:7,000). Considering spontaneous pregnancy, HP is associated with risk factors, being prior inflammatory pelvic disease the most common. The clinical presentation is similar to that of ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage although it is usually a more late diagnosis. Case report: 25 year-old pregnant woman, OI 0000, previously healthy; admitted at the Emergency Department (ED) with acute pelvic pain mainly at the right iliac fossa and moderate vaginal bleeding confirmed by speculum examination. She was hemodynamically stable and the bimanual palpation was painful; no prior medically assisted reproduction technique had been performed. The haemoglobin value was within normal range and the serum β-hCG was 2,763mUI/mL. The ultrasonography at the ED showed an in uterus gestational sac and another one inside the right fallopian tube; in both gestational sacs cardiac activity was absent. HP diagnosis was then established and the patient was admitted at the Obstetrics Ward for surveillance and ultrasonographic/laboratorial reassessment; complete miscarriage of the uterine pregnancy occurred but methotrexate was necessary for the treatment of persistent tubarian pregnancy. Conclusion: When evaluating a pregnant woman with pelvic pain and vaginal bleeding one should always be aware of several differential diagnosis amongst which HP should be considered. If the patient has in uterus viable pregnancy the treatment of the ectopic concomitant gestational sac should be as conservative as possible; methotrexate should not be used in that situation as it leads to uterine pregnancy miscarriage in about one third of the patients

Mercapturate Pathway in the Tubulocentric Perspective of Diabetic Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: The recent growing evidence that the proximal tubule underlies the early pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unveiling novel and promising perspectives. This pathophysiological concept links tubulointerstitial oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and fibrosis with the progression of DKD. In this new angle for DKD, the prevailing molecular mechanisms on proximal tubular cells emerge as an innovative opportunity for prevention and management of DKD as well as to improve diabetic dysmetabolism. SUMMARY: The mercapturate pathway (MAP) is a classical metabolic detoxification route for xenobiotics that is emerging as an integrative circuitry detrimental to resolve tubular inflammation caused by endogenous electrophilic species. Herein we review why and how it might underlie DKD. Key Messages: MAP is a hallmark of proximal tubular cell function, and cysteine-S-conjugates might represent targets for early intervention in DKD. Moreover, the biomonitoring of urinary mercapturates from metabolic inflammation products might be relevant for the implementation of preventive/management strategies in DKD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Background: This article describes the procedures and development of the rst Portuguese Report Card on Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents. Methods: Comprehensive searches for data related to indicators of physical activity (PA) were completed by a committee of physical activity and sports specialists. Grades were assigned to each indicator consistent with the process and methodology outlined by the Active Healthy Kids Canada Report Card model. Results: Nine indicators of PA were graded. The following grades were assigned: Overall Physical Activity Levels, D; Organized Sport Participation, B; Active Play, D; Active Transportation, C; Sedentary Behaviors, D; Family and Peers, C; Schools, B; Community and the Built Environment, D; and Government, C. Conclusions: Portuguese children and adolescents do not reach suf cient physical activity levels and spend larger amounts of time spent in sedentary behaviors compared with recommendations. Effective policies of PA promotion and implementation are needed in different domains of young people’s daily lives

Doença meningocócica oculta

Introdução: A doença meningocócica inclui entidades com diferentes graus de gravidade. A bacteriemia oculta, muitas vezes subdiagnosticada, pode cursar com bom prognóstico. Caso clínico: Criança de três anos, de origem africana, com febre (38,7ºC), gonalgia e claudicação da marcha com 24 horas de evolução sem sensação de doença grave. Os exames imagiológicos osteoarticulares eram normais. Apresentava leucocitose (27300/mL) com neutrofilia (21000/mL) e proteína C reactiva (PCR) 10,8 mg/dl. Realizou hemocultura e teve alta com diagnóstico de sinovite da anca. No dia seguinte encontrava-se apirético, assintomático, mantendo leucocitose (19300/mL), neutrofilia (10400/mL) e PCR 18,2 mg/dl. Optou-se por uma atitude expectante. Isolou-se Neisseria meningitidis na hemocultura inicial, pelo fez ceftriaxona e apesar de assintomático e com exames laboratoriais normais. Não se verificaram complicações. Discussão: A bacteriemia meningocócica oculta pode manifestar-se por sintomas sugestivos de infecção viral. A resolução espontânea, na ausência de antibioticoterapia é rara mas, atendendo ao caso descrito, discutem-se atitudes a seguir em casos semelhantes

Results from Portugal’s 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth

Available evidence indicates that there are still a large proportion of Portuguese children and adolescents that are not sufficiently active and that exceed the recommended levels of screen-time. In Portugal, virtually all students, enrolled in formal education, attain regular Physical Education classes, which is of significance

Genetic Evidence of African Slavery at the Beginning of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

An archaeological excavation in Valle da Gafaria (Lagos, Portugal), revealed two contiguous burial places outside the medieval city walls, dating from the 15th–17th centuries AD: one was interpreted as a Leprosarium cemetery and the second as an urban discard deposit, where signs of violent, unceremonious burials suggested that these remains may belong to slaves captured in Africa by the Portuguese. We obtained random short autosomal sequence reads from seven individuals: two from the latter site and five from the Leprosarium and used these to call SNP identities and estimate ancestral affinities with modern reference data. The Leprosarium site samples were less preserved but gave some probability of both African and European ancestry. The two discard deposit burials each gave African affinity signals, which were further refined toward modern West African or Bantu genotyped samples. These data from distressed burials illustrate an African contribution to a low status stratum of Lagos society at a time when this port became a hub of the European trade in African slaves which formed a precursor to the transatlantic transfer of millions

Terapêutica Endoscópica do Volvo Sigmoideu numa População Debilitada. Qual a Relevância?

Background: Colonic volvulus, mainly from the sigmoid, is a relatively common cause of intestinal obstruction, particularly in the elderly and in patients with debilitating conditions. The high morbi-mortality of emergency surgery places the endoscopic approach as the first-line treatment for the resolution of this acute obstructive condition. Objectives: To assess the importance of endoscopic treatment for the resolution of colonic volvulus in a debilitated population. Method: This is a retrospective analysis of emergency lower gastrointestinal endoscopies in patients with colonic volvulus as diagnosis, performed over a 9-year period (2009-2018), as well as population characterization and follow-up after the first exam. Results: We performed 88 procedures in 52 patients (56.4% males, median age 83 years, range 33-94). Endoscopic resolution was effective in 86.4% (76/88) of the exams, without procedure complications. Eighty-one percent of patients presented with volvulus recurrence, 50% of which occurred during the 3 months after the initial procedure. Twenty-one were submitted to surgery, 12 of which were emergency procedures after endoscopic failure as the primary treatment (5 of which had mucosal necrosis at endoscopy). There was no mortality in elective surgery. In the emergency plus necrosis group, mortality was 60% (3/5) and 14.3% (1/7) in the emergency without necrosis group. Conclusions: Despite the high recurrence of volvulus after endoscopic treatment, it seems to be an adequate and low-risk first-line therapy for sigmoid volvulus in debilitated patients, allowing improvement of surgical conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tinea Capitis in Adults. A Diagnosis to Consider?

A tinea capitis, uma infecção por fungos dermatófitos do couro cabeludo, é uma patologia rara no adulto, mesmo em áreas geográficas onde a doença é prevalente. Nestes casos está muitas vezes, mas não exclusivamente, associada a imunodepressão e habitualmente surge por exposição ao agente infeccioso em contactantes próximos. São fundamentais uma história clínica e um exame objectivo minuciosos que permitam equacionar a tinha do couro cabeludo como hipótese diagnóstica e proceder à colheita de amostras para exame micológico. Esta metodologia pode evitar a realização de exames complementares exaustivos ou a prescrição de tratamentos inadequados. Os autores descrevem três casos de tinea capitis em mulheres adultas – dois casos de infecção por Microsporum audouinii e um caso por Trichophyton soudanense. É apresentado o registo iconográfico dos casos e é efectuada breve revisão da literatura

Teledermatologia e a Pandemia Covid-19: Experiência de um Centro Português

Introduction: In order to maintain assistential activity while ensuring social distancing and mobility restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Dermatovenereology Department of Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos implemented an asynchronous teledermatology platform based on e-mail and smartphones. This study aims to evaluate its application to urgent outpatient and inpatient consultations while considering its benefits and limitations. Methods: All written communications received via e-mail or smartphone between April 1, 2020 and April 31, 2021 were reviewed. Data was evaluated and statistical analysis was made using SPSS Statistics 25® software. Results: We reviewed 471 referrals (329 for outpatient and 142 for inpatient urgent consultations). E-mail was the most used platform (68.8%) and most referrals were composed of clinical information and clinical images (70.3%). Only 29% of these contained adequate clinical information and clinical images simultaneously. The majority of referrals received a response by a dermatologist in less than 24 hours (89%) and conversion to in-person evaluation was made in 58% of cases. The average time for in-person evaluation after triage was 0.25 days for inpatients and 4 days for outpatients. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic hastened teledermatology implementation in order to maintain good healthcare. This study demonstrates that these platforms where wildly accepted by healthcare professionals and patients and remote consultations were possible in a significant percentage of cases. Teledermatology struggles with its own limitations and can never fully replace in-person evaluation, but can present itself as a useful tool in daily practice.Introdução: Com o objectivo de manter a actividade assistencial numa altura em que o distanciamento social e as restrições de mobilidade entre hospitais consequentes à pandemia COVID-19 se apresentavam como fundamentais, o departamento de Dermatovenereologia do Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos implementou uma plataforma assíncrona de teledermatologia baseada em e-mail e smartphones. Este estudo pretende avaliar a sua aplicação a consultas de urgência de ambulatório e internamento, dando destaque aos seus benefícios e limitações. Métodos: Todas as comunicações escritas recebidas por e-mail ou smartphone entre 1 de Abril de 2020 e 31 de Abril de 2021 foram analisadas. Os dados foram avaliados e foi realizada análise estatística com recurso ao software SPSS Statistics 25®. Resultados: Foram analisadas 471 referenciações (329 consultas urgentes de ambulatório e 142 consultas urgentes em internamento). O e-mail foi a plataforma mais usada (68.8%) e a maioria das referenciações eram compostas por informação clínica escrita e imagens clínicas (70.3%). Apenas 29% destas continham, em simultâneo, informação clínica e imagens clínicas adequadas. A maior parte dos pedidos recebeu uma resposta por um dermatologista em menos de 24 horas (89%) e, em 58% dos casos, foi efectuada uma conversão a consulta presencial. O tempo médio para uma consulta presencial após triagem foi de 0.25 dias para consultas em internamento e 4 dias para consultas de ambulatório. Conclusão: A pandemia COVID-19 acelerou a implementação da teledermatologia de modo a assegurar a manutenção de bons cuidados de saúde. Este estudo demonstrou que estas plataformas foram amplamente adoptadas por profissionais de saúde e doentes e a realização de consultas remotas foi possível numa percentagem significativa de casos. A teledermatologia apresenta várias limitações e nunca poderá substituir integralmente uma avaliação presencial, podendo ser, no entanto, uma ferramenta útil no dia-a-dia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio