J Clin Med

In cystic fibrosis (CF), cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) dysfunction leads to digestive disorders that promote intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis enhancing gastrointestinal symptoms. In pancreatic insufficiency CF patients, both intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, are associated with an increase in the fecal calprotectin (FC) level. However, associations between the FC level, gastrointestinal symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) remain poorly studied. We aimed to assess such associations in pancreatic insufficiency CF children. The FC level was measured in pancreatic insufficiency CF children's stool samples. Children and their parents completed two questionnaires: The Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales 3.0-PedsQL(TM) and the Quality of Life Pediatric Inventory 4.0-PedsQL(TM). Lower scores indicated worse symptomatology or QoL. Thirty-seven CF children were included. A FC level above 250 µg/g was associated with worse gastrointestinal symptoms and QoL scores. The FC level was inversely correlated with several gastrointestinal scores assessed by children (i.e., Total, "Heart Burn Reflux", "Nausea and Vomiting", and "Gas and Bloating"). Several QoL scores were correlated with gastrointestinal scores. The FC level was weakly associated with clinical parameters. Some gastrointestinal and QoL scores were related to disease severity associated parameters. In CF, the FC level, biomarker previously related to intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis, was associated with worse digestive symptoms and QoL scores

Modeling the global fishmeal and fish oil markets

International audienceTo explore the drivers of change in the complex system relating small pelagic fisheries and fishmeal/fish oil markets, to identify the interactions between these drivers and their overall impacts, we propose a bio-economic model, coupling the ecological and the economic dynamics of these global commodities. The model enables an analysis of the consequences of both global and local changes in the environment of production systems. Through sensitivity analysis of specific input parameters, we evaluate the robustness of the overall system to such changes and show that local responses of production systems and markets cannot be considered in isolation from the set of interactions at global level

Harvesting for food versus feed : a review of Peruvian fisheries in a global context

Peru is the top exporter of fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO) worldwide and is responsible for half and a third of global production, respectively. Landings of "anchoveta" (Engraulis ringens) are used nearly exclusively for FMFO production, despite a proactive national food policy aimed at favoring the direct human consumption of this inexpensive species. It may be surprising that in a country where malnutrition and caloric deficit constitute major issues, a low-priced and highly nutritious fish such as anchovy does not have stronger domestic demand as a food fish. Here, we review and assess eight potential politico-socio-economic processes that can explain this situation. The main explanation are dietary habits, the preference for broiler and the higher profit from anchovy sold as feed fish compared to its use as a food fish due to historically high FMFO prices, boosted by an increasing demand for aquaculture in a context of finite forage and trash fish resources. In addition, the recent introduction of an individual quota system has shifted bargaining power from processors to fishers, thereby increasing competition for the raw material. This competition results in an increase in anchovy prices offered by the feed fish industry due to its onshore processing overcapacity, which is detrimental to the food fish industry. In the end, although the dominant use of anchovy for fish feed is largely explained by integrating these market mechanisms and other minor ones, this use raises other issues, such as rent redistribution through public policies, employment, equitability and utility (low social costs), and resource management (threats to ecosystems or global change). Different policy scenarios are proposed in relation to these issues

Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis in Children Less than 5 Years of Age.

To collect all published cases up to January 2019 of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) in patients age 5 years and under and to compare their characteristics with those of the 1022 cases in the most recent all-age cohort published in 2015. We identified 28 cases of PAM worldwide in children age 5 years and under, accounting for only 2%-3% of all cases. Children seem more frequently symptomatic, notably with more cough and severe acute respiratory failure, but had no reported extrapulmonary manifestation. Children with PAM evidenced less typical radiologic findings, with frequent ground glass opacities not reported in adult cases and milder calcifications as less frequent, smaller, and mainly restricted to the lower lobes. PAM remains an uncommon diagnosis in young children, as symptoms and radiologic findings are less specific. Physicians should be aware to look for calcifications in chest computed tomography at mediastinal window and avoid elution of the bronchoalveolar lavage to find microliths. Collecting longitudinal data through an international registry would help in characterizing PAM to predict disease progression and plan lung transplantation

Paecilomyces lilacinus et variotii dans la mucoviscidose

International audienc