Complexity of the Collision and Near-Collision Attack on SHA-0 with Different Message Schedules

SHA-0 employs a primitive polynomnial of degree 16 over GF(2) in its message schedule. There are 2048 primitive polynomials of degree 16 over GF(2). For each primitive polynomial, a SHA-0 variant can be constructed. In this paper, the security of 2048 variants is analyzed against the Chabaud-Joux attack proposed in CRYPTO\u2798. The analysis shows that all the variants could be collision-attacked by using near-collisions as a tool and thus the replacement of the primitive polynomial is not a proper way to make SHA-0 secure. However, it is shown that the selection of the variants highly affects the complexity of the attack. Furthermore, a collision in the most vulnerable variant is presented. It is obtained by the original Chabaud-Joux attack without any improvements

Surgical Treatment by Partial Petrosectomy for a Middle-Ear Carcinoid with Progressive Extension: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We herein report a 59-year-old male patient with a recurrent carcinoid tumor of the middle ear 7 years after a tympanomastoidectomy. The CT and dynamic MRI demonstrated an extensive tumor close to the carotid artery canal and the jugular bulb, and the tumor was removed by a partial petrosectomy with a transmastoid approach. The histopathological findings revealed a solid and trabecular tumor with cells positive for cytokeratin, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56. The MIB-1 antibody for the Ki-67 antigen was positive in 6.6% of the tumor cells. The relevant literature is reviewed in regard to the present case

Lipase-catalyzed domino Michael-aldol reaction of 2-methyl-1,3-cycloalkanedione and methyl vinyl ketone for the synthesis of bicyclic compounds

Synthesis of bicyclic compounds was achieved via a lipase-catalyzed, stereoselective, domino Michael–aldol reaction of 2-methyl-1,3-cycloalkanedione and methyl vinyl ketone. Appropriate reaction conditions, including the type of enzyme, solvent, and temperature, were determined. In addition, the effects of solvent polarity and addtives were investigated. The reaction proceeded in the presence of lipase AS in a solution of 20% acetone in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at 10 °C for 8 days, followed by the addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) to afford bicyclic compounds in 51–83% yields with moderate stereoselectivity. Although this domino Michael–aldol reaction showed only moderate stereoselectivity, even with the acid-supported enhancement of the reaction, these results represent potential new applications for lipase

子宮内膜症性腸閉塞に対する経肛門的イレウスチューブの有用性

One of the causative diseases of intestinal obstruction in young women is bowel endometriosis. During the course of ectopic endometriosis, it is estimated that about １０％ of patients develop bowel endometriosis. The first step in treatment is drug therapy. In cases of bowel endometriosis of the colon or rectum leading to intestinal obstruction, laparotomy is often required. A ４７-year-old woman with a history of endometriosis was undergoing drug therapy. She developed abdominal pain and nausea, and was diagnosed with septic shock and fecal ileus. A transanal drainage tube was inserted for decompression. The patient’s general condition improved, and a laparoscopic low anterior resection was performed on the ２３rd day. The patient was discharged on the １０th postoperative day without any postoperative problems. This case suggests that even in the case of septic shock caused by rectal stricture due to intestinal endometriosis, initial treatment with transanal decompression may stabilize the general condition, and may be superior in cosmetic change

GWAS meta-analysis of over 29,000 people with epilepsy identifies 26 risk loci and subtype-specific genetic architecture

Epilepsy is a highly heritable disorder affecting over 50 million people worldwide, of which about one-third are resistant to current treatments. Here we report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study including 29,944 cases, stratified into three broad categories and seven subtypes of epilepsy, and 52,538 controls. We identify 26 genome-wide significant loci, 19 of which are specific to genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE). We implicate 29 likely causal genes underlying these 26 loci. SNP-based heritability analyses show that common variants explain between 39.6% and 90% of genetic risk for GGE and its subtypes. Subtype analysis revealed markedly different genetic architectures between focal and generalized epilepsies. Gene-set analyses of GGE signals implicate synaptic processes in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain. Prioritized candidate genes overlap with monogenic epilepsy genes and with targets of current antiseizure medications. Finally, we leverage our results to identify alternate drugs with predicted efficacy if repurposed for epilepsy treatment

Complexity of the Collision and Near-Collision Attack on SHA-0 with Different Message Schedules

Abstract. SHA-0 employs a primitive polynomial of degree 16 over GF(2) in its message schedule. There are 2048 primitive polynomials of degree 16 over GF(2). For each primitive polynomial, a SHA-0 variant can be constructed. In this paper, the security of 2048 variants is analyzed against the Chabaud-Joux attack proposed in CRYPTO’98. The analysis shows that all the variants could be collision-attacked by using near-collisions as a tool and thus the replacement of the primitive polynomial is not a proper way to make SHA-0 secure. However, it is shown that the selection of the variants highly affects the complexity of the attack. Furthermore, a collision in the most vulnerable variant is presented. It is obtained by the original Chabaud-Joux attack without any improvements.

Evaluation of different set-up error corrections on dose-volume metrics in prostate IMRT using CBCT images.

We investigated the effect of different set-up error corrections on dose-volume metrics in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer under different planning target volume (PTV) margin settings using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. A total of 30 consecutive patients who underwent IMRT for prostate cancer were retrospectively analysed, and 7-14 CBCT datasets were acquired per patient. Interfractional variations in dose-volume metrics were evaluated under six different set-up error corrections, including tattoo, bony anatomy, and four different target matching groups. Set-up errors were incorporated into planning the isocenter position, and dose distributions were recalculated on CBCT images. These processes were repeated under two different PTV margin settings. In the on-line bony anatomy matching groups, systematic error (∑) was 0.3 mm, 1.4 mm, and 0.3 mm in the left-right, anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior directions, respectively. ∑ in three successive off-line target matchings was finally comparable with that in the on-line bony anatomy matching in the AP direction. Although doses to the rectum and bladder wall were reduced for a small PTV margin, averaged reductions in the volume receiving 100% of the prescription dose from planning were within 2.5% under all PTV margin settings for all correction groups, with the exception of the tattoo set-up error correction only (≥ 5.0%). Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between on-line bony anatomy matching and target matching. While variations between the planned and delivered doses were smallest when target matching was applied, the use of bony anatomy matching still ensured the planned doses