Poverty in Mexico: The effectos of adjusting survey data for under-reporting

This paper estimates changes in poverty in Mexico between 1984 and 1989. Poverty is estimated using uncorrected data from the household surveys and estimation is repeated after the data is adjusted for under reporting using National Accounts totals as benchmarks. The paper illustrates the sensitivity of poverty estimates in Mexico both to the adjustment itself and the specific procedure used to adjust the survey data for under reporting. Until more information is available on the distribution of under reporting it will not be possible to give a final verdict on the order of magnitude of the rise in poverty.

Factors Affecting Loads at Hypersonic Speeds

Factors affecting loads at hypersonic speed

Antidepressant Effects on REM Sleep

Individuals who deal with depression are typically prescribed antidepressants in order to alleviate the depressive symptoms that they may be having. Polysomnographic sleep research has revealed that depression is associated with altered sleep architecture and distorted REM sleep quality.2 Specifically, increased REM sleep duration and density have proved to be markers that predict recurrence and relapse for depressed individuals. REM sleep serves to stimulate regions of the brain that are important with learning and memory consolidation. However, an increased duration of REM sleep in depressed individuals proves to be unfavorable. Antidepressants drugs aim to weaken sleep quality, which is mainly due to increased noradrenergic or dopaminergic neurotransmission and the activation of serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors.4 Therefore, different classes of antidepressants have been developed to dampen REM sleep duration and density. Of course, this must be accomplished without determinantal effects for neuronal signaling within the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRI), activating tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and monoamine oxidase antidepressants (MAOI) are most commonly used in today’s society. Current knowledge about antidepressants and their effects on REM sleep are explored in this review