European multicenter study on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animal urinary tract infections

BACKGROUND: There is a growing concern regarding the increase of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in companion animals. Yet, there are no studies comparing the resistance levels of these organisms in European countries. The aim of this study was to investigate geographical and temporal trends of antimicrobial resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in companion animals in Europe. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 22 256 bacteria isolated from dogs and cats with UTI was determined. Samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 from 16 laboratories of 14 European countries. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance of the most common bacteria was determined for each country individually in the years 2012-2013 and temporal trends of bacteria resistance were established by logistic regression. RESULTS: The aetiology of uropathogenic bacteria differed between dogs and cats. For all bacterial species, Southern countries generally presented higher levels of antimicrobial resistance compared to Northern countries. Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli were found to be more prevalent in Southern countries. During the study period, the level of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli isolated in Belgium, Denmark, France and the Netherlands decreased significantly. A temporal increase in resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin was observed among E. coli isolates from the Netherlands and Switzerland, respectively. Other country-specific temporal increases were observed for fluoroquinolone-resistant Proteus spp. isolated from companion animals from Belgium. CONCLUSIONS: This work brings new insights into the current status of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from companion animals with UTI in Europe and reinforces the need for strategies aiming to reduce resistance

Boosting football club brands through museums: the experience of Mondo Milan

This chapter focuses on the relatively recent phenomenon of the creation of museums by football clubs and discusses the role of football club museums as “branding platforms.” The authors review the case of Mondo Milan, an innovative museum founded in 2014 by A.C. Milan, to illustrate how the development of football club museums represents a marketing strategy aimed at boosting the club brand and broadening the club customer base. The analysis of the case—supported by an interview with the Marketing and B2C Sales Director of Mondo Milan—shows how football club museums represent an opportunity not only for generating revenue but also for attracting new market segments that can engage in the history and values of the club and enhancing their brand awareness and image

Turning crowds into patrons: democratizing fundraising In the arts and culture

This chapter describes the gradual evolution of fundraising from an elitist and individual activity (i.e., mecenatism and patronage) to a participative and more democratic process in which anyone can contribute (i.e., crowdfunding). By illustrating cases of successful – individual, corporate and public – fundraising practices, this chapter will offer arguments for overcoming the resistance that new forms of fundraising often find in arts and culture organizations. We will demonstrate how online crowdfunding allows customers to actively participate in all the phases of the fundraising project and become active co-creators of the project itself. By focusing on funding campaigns that have measurable outcomes and clearly identifiable goals, online crowdfunding will be shown to be a fundraising option that engages donors and attracts younger generations

Exploring fundraising executives' careers in arts and culture: the role of tenure and career switching

Fundraisers play a crucial role in helping arts and culture organizations obtain the financial resources they need to carry out their missions and support their causes. However, research on fundraisers' careers is still in its infancy. As the profession gains importance, understanding the main motivating factors of fundraisers' career paths is key. This study investigates the effects of three variables that emerged as relevant motivations for fundraiser careers, that is, education, career promotion and sector experience, on fundraising executives' tenure and career switching. In addition, this research identifies profiles of fundraising executives in the arts and culture organizations in the United States. Moreover, this study explores the role of non-profit orientation as a moderator of the relationship between career switching and tenure, and parallel titles as a moderator of the relationship between sector experience and tenure. Managerial implications are outlined

Evidence for decreased circulating apelin beyond heart involvement in uremic cardiomyopathy

IF (JCR 2006): 2,87

Cystatin C in heart failure is nothing more than a bystander of glomerular filtration.

none7noneCODOGNOTTO M; PICCOLI A; ZANINOTTO M; MION M; VERTOLLI U; TONA F.; BOFFA GMCodognotto, M; Piccoli, Antonio; Zaninotto, M; Mion, M; Vertolli, U; Tona, Francesco; Boffa, G

Determinants of circulating asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginines in patients evaluated for acute dyspnea

Abstract BACKGROUND: The relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) plasma concentrations and acute heart failure is unknown. We evaluated ADMA and SDMA in patients with acute dyspnea. METHODS: We studied 57 dyspneic subjects (50-95 years), with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 65 30 mL/min/1.73 m\ub2, presenting to the emergency department. Troponin I, N terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP), ADMA, and SDMA were measured. Electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and lung ultrasound were performed. Patients were classified into cardiogenic dyspnea and non-cardiogenic dyspnea, and were also classified on the basis of renal function according to their eGFR. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated that ADMA and SDMA did not differ for type of dyspnea, but increased in renal dysfunction. NT-proBNP significantly increased both in cardiogenic dyspnea and renal dysfunction. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that after adjustment for troponin and dyspnea, the only variables which significantly correlated with SDMA plasma concentrations were renal function (\u3b2 = -0.47, p < 0.001) and NT-proBNP (\u3b2 = 0.28, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Neither type of dimethylarginine showed cardiogenic dyspnea to be a determinant for plasma concentrations. Renal dysfunction was a confounder for both ADMA and SDMA