Additional records of metazoan parasites from Caribbean marine mammals, including genetically identified anisakid nematodes

Studies of marine mammal parasites in the Caribbean are scarce. An assessment for marine mammal endo- and ectoparasites from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, but extending to other areas of the Caribbean, was conducted between 1989 and 1994. The present study complements the latter and enhances identification of anisakid nematodes using molecular markers. Parasites were collected from 59 carcasses of stranded cetaceans and manatees from 1994 to 2006, including Globicephala macrorhynchus, Kogia breviceps, Kogia sima, Lagenodelphis hosei, Mesoplodon densirostris, Peponocephala electra, Stenella longirostris, Steno bredanensis, Trichechus manatus. Tursiops truncatus, and Ziphius cavirostris. Sixteen species of endoparasitic helminthes were morphologically identified, including two species of acanthocephalans (Bolbosoma capitatum, Bolbosoma vasculosum), nine species of nematodes (Anisakis sp., Anisakis brevispiculata, Anisakis paggiae, Anisakis simplex, Anisakis typica, Anisakis ziphidarium, Crassicauda anthonyi, Heterocheilus tunicatus, Pseudoterranova ceticola), two species of cestodes (Monorygma grimaldi, Phyllobothrium delphini), and three species of trematodes (Chiorchis groschafti, Pulmonicola cochleotrema, Monoligerum blairi). The nematodes belonging to the genus Anisakis recovered in some stranded animals were genetically identified to species level based on their sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA (629 bp of mtDNA cox 2). A total of five new host records and six new geographic records are presented.L'articolo è disponibile sul sito dell'editore http://www.springerlink.com

Biogeography in the deep : hierarchical population genomic structure of two beaked whale species

Funding for this research was provided by the Office of Naval Research, Award numbers N000141613017 and N000142112712. ABO was supported by a partial studentship from the University of St Andrews, School of Biology; OEG by the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (Scottish Funding Council grant HR09011); ELC by a Rutherford Discovery Fellowship from the Royal Society of New Zealand Te Aparangi; NAS by a Ramon y Cajal Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Innovation; MLM by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 801199); CR by the Marine Institute (Cetaceans on the Frontier) and the Irish Research Council; and MTO by the Hartmann Foundation.The deep sea is the largest ecosystem on Earth, yet little is known about the processes driving patterns of genetic diversity in its inhabitants. Here, we investigated the macro- and microevolutionary processes shaping genomic population structure and diversity in two poorly understood, globally distributed, deep-sea predators: Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) and Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris). We used double-digest restriction associated DNA (ddRAD) and whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequencing to characterise genetic patterns using phylogenetic trees, cluster analysis, isolation-by-distance, genetic diversity and differentiation statistics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; Blainville’s n = 43 samples, SNPs=13988; Cuvier’s n = 123, SNPs= 30479) and mitogenomes (Blainville’s n = 27; Cuvier’s n = 35) revealed substantial hierarchical structure at a global scale. Both species display significant genetic structure between the Atlantic, Indo-Pacific and in Cuvier’s, the Mediterranean Sea. Within major ocean basins, clear differentiation is found between genetic clusters on the east and west sides of the North Atlantic, and some distinct patterns of structure in the Indo-Pacific and Southern Hemisphere. We infer that macroevolutionary processes shaping patterns of genetic diversity include biogeographical barriers, highlighting the importance of such barriers even to highly mobile, deep-diving taxa. The barriers likely differ between the species due to their thermal tolerances and evolutionary histories. On a microevolutionary scale, it seems likely that the balance between resident populations displaying site fidelity, and transient individuals facilitating gene flow, shapes patterns of connectivity and genetic drift in beaked whales. Based on these results, we propose management units to facilitate improved conservation measures for these elusive species.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

La noción de identidad en los "Tópicos"

Aristotle’s notion of identity is investigated on this article. This investigation is focused on Top. I 7, where different ways of using of the word ‘same’ are analysed. Two major claims are made. First of all, Aristotle does not seem to be committed to hold that there are different types of identity. The second point concerns contingent identity. What Aristotle says about numerical identity does not commit him to the view that identity can be contingent and it is consistent with the claim that identity statements are in all cases necessary

La cuantificación del predicado en la lógica antigua

Lógica clásica; teoría de la cuantificación del predicado; Aristóteles

La cuantificación del predicado en la lógica antigua

Lógica clásica; teoría de la cuantificación del predicado; Aristóteles

BACTERIAL BLOTCH OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTURES IN PUERTO RICO

Moist lesions were observed on oysters mushroom basidiocarps. The lesions were yellow, watersoaked and soft. Proliferating lesions spread all over the basidiocarp causing premature deterioration and death. Basidiocarp with symptoms were cut and surface desinfested by diluted bleach (10%). Pieces were then plated in tryptic soy agar (TSA). Symptomatic pieces of basidiocarps were placed in 2 ml of sterile distilled water, teased and streaked on TSA medium plates. Plates were incubated for 48 hours at 28EC. Single colonies forming units, were isolated and purified in TSA and King's Β medium. Koch's postulates were completed by inoculating the healthy oyster mushrooms with purified cultures. Bacterial culture broth containing approximately 109 cfii ml"1, was placed on the basidiocarp surface. Controls were made with sterile distilled water. They were placed in lidded glass dishes making a humidity chamber, and incubated at 28°C. Treatments were made in duplicates. Characteristic lesions and symptoms, were observed 24 hrs. after inoculation. Any symptom was observed in controls. The test bacteria was then re-isolated as previously described. The API Rapid NFT and BIOLOG, an automatic identification system were performed for the identification of the isolated bacteria. The isolated bacteria was identified as Burkholderia cepacia

Adaptation To Climate Change, Risk Assessment And Infrastructure Management

International audienc