As modificações tecnológicas e o devido processo constitucional

RESUMO A Lei 11419/2006 – Lei do Processo Eletrônico - acarretou diversas transformações no direito processual brasileiro, sendo admitida a formação de processo judicial totalmente na forma eletrônica. O presente trabalho busca realizar uma análise aprofundada dos dispositivos da citada lei, verificando a sua real adaptação à teoria do devido processo constitucional, de Rosemiro Pereira Leal, além de realizar o confronto de dispositivos com os princípios constitucionais do devido processo legal: contraditório, ampla defesa, economicidade, dentre outros. Por fim, o trabalho verifica as modificações trazidas pela Lei 11419/2006 no Código de Processo Civil, analisando os principais dispositivos alterados pela norma regulamentadora do processo eletrônico. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Processo eletrônico. Lei 11.419/2006. Transformações processuais. Princípios constitucionais. ABSTRACT The law 11419/2006 – Law of Electronic Process brought several changes in the Brazilian procedural law, being admitted to the formation of law suit entirely in electronic form. This study aims toconduct a thoroughanalysisof the provisions of such law, checking their actual adaptation in the theory of constitutional due process, developed by Rosemiro Pereira Leal, and perform the confrontation ofdevices withthe constitutional principlesof due process, contradiction, fulldefense, economy, among others. Finally, the studyverifiesthe changesintroduced by Law11419/2006in the Code ofCivil Procedure, analyzing the mainprovisions amendedby theregulatory normof theelectronic process. KEYWORDS: Electronic Process. Law 11419/2006. Procedural changes. Constitutional principles. Data da Submissão: 12/11/2014 Data da Aceitação: 29/11/201

O Estado Democrático Brasileiro e a Busca pela Manutenção da Laicização do Direito

THE DEMOCRATIC BRAZILIAN STATE AND THE SEARCH FOR MAINTAINING THE LAICIZATION OF THE RIGHT O presente trabalho pretendeu abordar a influência exercida por segmentos religiosos da sociedade brasileira e por políticos ligados àqueles na formação das leis e do ordenamento jurídico nacional, a despeito do fato de o Estado brasileiro ser uma república laica, ou seja, pretensiosamente neutra no que tange à religião e que por isso tem como um de seus princípios a liberdade religiosa, e se essa influência, dentro de um Estado democrático com uma sociedade pluralista, macula o princípio da laicidade. Em seguida, pesquisou-se o crescimento e desenvolvimento dos segmentos pentecostal e neopentecostal, em especial, por estarem atualmente em maior evidência e por sua militância política mais incisiva. Durante o trabalho, foram abordadas as liberdades democráticas protegidas pela própria Constituição e que conferem a qualquer cidadão o direito de participar da política e contribuir com seu ponto de vista acerca do bem em prol da sociedade da qual faz parte. De igual maneira investigou-se os argumentos teóricos que pudessem fornecer fundamentos a uma influência religiosa no âmbito jurídico-político. Ainda neste sentido, analisou-se a PEC 99/2011, de autoria do deputado evangélico João Campos (PSDB-GO), e que atualmente foi aprovada pela Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e Cidadania (CCJC) da Câmara dos Deputados, cujo caput trata da “capacidade postulatória das Associações Religiosas para propor ação de inconstitucionalidade e ação declaratória de constitucionalidade de leis ou atos normativos, perante a Constituição Federal”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Laicidade. Estado. Religião. Pluralismo. Tolerância. Democracia. Positivismo jurídico. Direito natural. Pós-positivismo. Liberdade religiosa. ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the influence exerted by religious segments of Brazilian society and politicians linked to these segments in the formation of national law, despite the fact that the Brazilian State is a irreligious republic, meaning, pretentiously neutral concerning religion and, therefore, has religious freedom as one of its principles, and if this influence, within a democratic state with a pluralistic society, taints the principle of secularism. Secondly, a research was conducted on the growth and development of the Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal segments, in particular, due to its current growing evidence and also to its most incisive political activism. The study addressed the subject of democratic freedoms protected by the Constitution itself, and which give every citizen the right to participate in politics and contribute with their point of view about what is good for the society they’re part of. Likewise, the project investigated the theoretical arguments that could provide grounds for a religious influence in legal and political framework. On this line, PEC 99/2011 authored by the Christian Rep. João Campos (PSDB -GO), which was recently approved by the Committee of Constitution, Justice and Citizenship (CCJC) in the House of Representatives and which main section focuses on "proposal capacity of Religious Associations to present unconstitutionality suits and declaratory suits of constitutionality of laws or normative acts towards the Federal Constitution” was analyzed. KEYWORDS: Secularism. State. Religion. Pluralism. Tolerance. Democracy. Legal positivism. Natural law. Post- positivism. Religious freedom. Data da Submissão: 22/04/2014 Data da Aceitação: 09/05/201

A NEW POSSIBILITY FOR SURVEILLANCE: DO WE IDENTIFY ALL CASES OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?

SUMMARY Leptospirosis is a febrile disease with a typically underestimated global incidence, especially in regions where dengue is endemic. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine the number of leptospirosis cases in these areas, which contributes to significant under-reporting this disease. In this study, we estimated the number of possible leptospirosis cases among dengue-like cases that were reported during 2008, 2010, and 2012 in the city of Fortaleza, northeast Brazil. Patients were evaluated for dengue and leptospirosis using immunoenzymatic tests for IgM antibodies that were specific to each pathogen. Among the suspected cases of dengue that resulted as negative in laboratory tests, 10.8% (2008), 19.2% (2010), and 30.8% (2012) were confirmed to be leptospirosis. Considering the cases reported by the surveillance authority as dengue that were subsequently discarded based on the laboratory test results, we estimate that the number of actual leptospirosis cases may be 26 to 49 times higher than those diagnosed and reported by the Health Services. Furthermore, we believe that approximately 20% of dengue-like cases may be leptospirosis cases in areas where the two diseases are endemic

Respiratory allergy to Blomia tropicalis: Immune response in four syngeneic mouse strains and assessment of a low allergen-dose, short-term experimental model

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The dust mite <it>Blomia tropicalis </it>is an important source of aeroallergens in tropical areas. Although a mouse model for <it>B. tropicalis </it>extract (<it>Bt</it>E)-induced asthma has been described, no study comparing different mouse strains in this asthma model has been reported. The relevance and reproducibility of experimental animal models of allergy depends on the genetic background of the animal, the molecular composition of the allergen and the experimental protocol.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>This work had two objectives. The first was to study the anti-<it>B. tropicalis </it>allergic responses in different mouse strains using a short-term model of respiratory allergy to <it>Bt</it>E. This study included the comparison of the allergic responses elicited by <it>Bt</it>E with those elicited by ovalbumin in mice of the strain that responded better to <it>Bt</it>E sensitization. The second objective was to investigate whether the best responder mouse strain could be used in an experimental model of allergy employing relatively low <it>Bt</it>E doses.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Groups of mice of four different syngeneic strains were sensitized subcutaneously with 100 μg of <it>Bt</it>E on days 0 and 7 and challenged four times intranasally, at days 8, 10, 12, and 14, with 10 μg of <it>Bt</it>E. A/J mice, that were the best responders to <it>Bt</it>E sensitization, were used to compare the <it>B. tropicalis</it>-specific asthma experimental model with the conventional experimental model of ovalbumin (OVA)-specific asthma. A/J mice were also sensitized with a lower dose of <it>Bt</it>E.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mice of all strains had lung inflammatory-cell infiltration and increased levels of anti-<it>Bt</it>E IgE antibodies, but these responses were significantly more intense in A/J mice than in CBA/J, BALB/c or C57BL/6J mice. Immunization of A/J mice with <it>Bt</it>E induced a more intense airway eosinophil influx, higher levels of total IgE, similar airway hyperreactivity to methacholine but less intense mucous production, and lower levels of specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies than sensitization with OVA. Finally, immunization with a relatively low <it>Bt</it>E dose (10 μg per subcutaneous injection per mouse) was able to sensitize A/J mice, which were the best responders to high-dose <it>Bt</it>E immunization, for the development of allergy-associated immune and lung inflammatory responses.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The described short-term model of <it>Bt</it>E-induced allergic lung disease is reproducible in different syngeneic mouse strains, and mice of the A/J strain was the most responsive to it. In addition, it was shown that OVA and <it>Bt</it>E induce quantitatively different immune responses in A/J mice and that the experimental model can be set up with low amounts of <it>Bt</it>E.</p

Factors related to the incorrect use of inhalers by asthma patients

PereiraResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a técnica inalatória em pacientes com asma atendidos ambulatorialmente, estabelecendo associações dessa com o grau de controle da doença. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo pacientes com idade ≥ 14 anos e diagnóstico médico de asma, recrutados no Ambulatório de Asma do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS). Os pacientes completaram dois questionários (um geral e um questionário de controle da asma baseado nas diretrizes da Global Initiative for Asthma de 2011). Os pacientes demonstraram a técnica inalatória e realizaram testes de função pulmonar. A técnica inalatória incorreta foi definida como a execução incorreta de pelo menos duas etapas da avaliação. Resultados: Foram incluídos 268 pacientes. Desses, 81 (30,2%) apresentaram técnica inalatória incorreta, que foi associada com falta de controle da asma (p = 0,002). A regressão logística identificou os seguintes fatores associados com a técnica inalatória incorreta: ser viúvo (OR = 5,01; IC95%, 1,74-14,41; p = 0,003); utilizar inalador pressurizado (OR = 1,58; IC95%, 1,35-1,85; p < 0,001); ter renda familiar mensal < 3 salários mínimos (OR = 2,67; IC95%, 1,35-1,85; p = 0,008); e ter ≥ 2 comorbidades (OR = 3,80; IC95%, 1,03-14,02; p = 0,045). Conclusões: Na amostra estudada, a técnica inalatória incorreta se associou com a falta de controle da asma. Viuvez, uso de inalador pressurizado, baixo nível socioeconômico e presença de ≥ 2 comorbidades se associaram à técnica inalatória incorreta.AbstractObjective: To evaluate inhaler technique in outpatients with asthma and to determine associations between the correctness of that technique and the level of asthma control. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients ≥ 14 years of age with physician-diagnosed asthma. The patients were recruited from the Asthma Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The patients completed two questionnaires (a general questionnaire and an asthma control questionnaire based on the 2011 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines), demonstrated their inhaler technique, and performed pulmonary function tests. Incorrect inhaler technique was defined as the incorrect execution of at least two of the predefined steps. Results: We included 268 patients. Of those, 81 (30.2%) showed incorrect inhaler technique, which was associated with poor asthma control (p = 0.002). Logistic regression analysis identified the following factors associated with incorrect inhaler technique: being widowed (OR = 5.01; 95% CI, 1.74-14.41; p = 0.003); using metered dose inhalers (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.35-1.85; p < 0.001); having a monthly family income < 3 times the minimum wage (OR = 2.67; 95% CI, 1.35-1.85; p = 0.008), and having ≥ 2 comorbidities (OR = 3.80; 95% CI, 1.03-14.02; p = 0.045). Conclusions: In the sample studied, incorrect inhaler technique was associated with poor asthma control. Widowhood, use of metered dose inhalers, low socioeconomic level, and the presence of ≥ 2 comorbidities were associated with incorrect inhaler technique

High occurrence of giardiasis in children living on a 'landless farm workers' settlement in Araras, São Paulo, Brazil

Enteric parasitosis remains an important public health problem in many areas around the world including in Brazil, and it is frequently associated with poverty and lack of sanitation facilities. Research carried out over the course of a year revealed that 96.6% (28/29) of children randomly selected from a 'landless farm workers' settlement in Araras, São Paulo, aged 4 - 15 years, presented Giardia intestinalis cysts. After referral to the neighborhood Health Office, all the children received tinidazole, given as a single dose of 50 mg/kg and 12 months later, new fecal samples were collected and analyzed. Despite the low adherence to the study, a high percentage (64.3% - 9/14) of the children remained positive for the parasite. This study showed a high positivity of giardiasis in child residents of the settlement, even after treatment; adults were not sensitized to the study and did not collected and/or deliver children fecal samples. The precarious living conditions are consistent with a high susceptibility to parasitic diseases, suggesting that the treatment of the infected individuals without identifying and eradicating the means of contamination is simply a palliative measure

Spatial point analysis based on dengue surveys at household level in central Brazil

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dengue virus (DENV) affects nonimunne human populations in tropical and subtropical regions. In the Americas, dengue has drastically increased in the last two decades and Brazil is considered one of the most affected countries. The high frequency of asymptomatic infection makes difficult to estimate prevalence of infection using registered cases and to locate high risk intra-urban area at population level. The goal of this spatial point analysis was to identify potential high-risk intra-urban areas of dengue, using data collected at household level from surveys.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two household surveys took place in the city of Goiania (~1.1 million population), Central Brazil in the year 2001 and 2002. First survey screened 1,586 asymptomatic individuals older than 5 years of age. Second survey 2,906 asymptomatic volunteers, same age-groups, were selected by multistage sampling (census tracts; blocks; households) using available digital maps. Sera from participants were tested by dengue virus-specific IgM/IgG by EIA. A Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to detect the spatial varying risk over the region. Initially without any fixed covariates, to depict the overall risk map, followed by a model including the main covariates and the year, where the resulting maps show the risk associated with living place, controlled for the individual risk factors. This method has the advantage to generate smoothed risk factors maps, adjusted by socio-demographic covariates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of antibody against dengue infection was 37.3% (95%CI [35.5–39.1]) in the year 2002; 7.8% increase in one-year interval. The spatial variation in risk of dengue infection significantly changed when comparing 2001 with 2002, (ORadjusted = 1.35; p < 0.001), while controlling for potential confounders using GAM model. Also increasing age and low education levels were associated with dengue infection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study showed spatial heterogeneity in the risk areas of dengue when using a spatial multivariate approach in a short time interval. Data from household surveys pointed out that low prevalence areas in 2001 surveys shifted to high-risk area in consecutive year. This mapping of dengue risks should give insights for control interventions in urban areas.</p