ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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Changes in nutritional values induced by butachlor in juvenile diploid and triploid Clarias gariepinus

© 2017, Islamic Azad University (IAU). There is a paucity of information about the effects of environmental stressors on nutritional values in fish. This study investigated the effects of the organochlorine pesticide, butachlor, on key indicators of nutritional value in both diploid and triploid African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Amino acids (AA), fatty acids (FA), and the proximate composition (protein, lipid, moisture, and ash content) in the white muscle of full-sibling juvenile fish were measured following a 21-day exposure to graded butachlor concentrations [mean measured: 26.3, 48.4, and 66.1 µg/L]. No significant differences in AAs, FAs, protein, lipid, moisture, or ash content were observed between unexposed diploid and triploid fish. In diploids, exposure to butachlor significantly altered the concentrations of some of the AAs and FAs, and protein content, when compared to the control group. In triploid fish, however, butachlor treatments had no effect on the AA or proximate composition, but significantly changed the concentration of two individual FAs in the muscle. Butachlor treatments showed fewer changes in the nutritional values of triploid fish. This research is the first to study the nutritional values in any polyploid animals following the exposure to a contaminant

Alzheimers Res Ther

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and increased beta-amyloid (Abeta) in animals. Hence we sought to investigate the relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and cerebral Abeta in older adults with subjective memory complaints. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial. Participants were 178 dementia-free individuals aged 70 years or older with data on plasma 25(OH)D and cerebral Abeta load assessed by [(18)F]-florbetapir positron emission tomography. Plasma 25(OH)D was measured at study baseline using a commercially available electro-chemiluminescence competitive binding assay. Standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) were generated using the cerebellum as a reference. Brain regions assessed included the cortex, anterior cingulate, anterior putamen, caudate, hippocampus, medial orbitofrontal cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, pons, posterior cingulate, posterior putamen, precuneus, semioval centre and temporal cortex. Associations were explored using fully adjusted multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 76.2 years (4.4) and 59.6% were female. The mean (SD) plasma 25(OH)D level was 22.4 ng/ml (10.8) and the mean (SD) cortical SUVR was 1.2 (0.2). We did not find any cross-sectional associations (p > 0.05) between baseline 25(OH)D levels and Abeta in any of the brain regions studied. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that circulating 25(OH)D is not associated with cerebral Abeta in older adults. Further longitudinal studies with the measurement of mid-life vitamin D status are required to explore the relationship between vitamin D and Abeta accrual over time, thereby circumventing the shortfalls of a cross-sectional study