Restauration d’un linceul égyptien d’époque romaine pour les nouvelles salles du musée du Louvre

L’ouverture des nouvelles salles consacrées à l’Orient romain au musée du Louvre a été l’occasion de restaurer un linceul daté du iie siècle ap. J.-C. conservé au département des Antiquités égyptiennes avec son masque-plastron. La présentation de cet ensemble qui combine, fait assez rare dans un musée, le plastron avec son linceul d’origine, a supposé de réfléchir à la façon dont ce dernier était agencé sur la momie originale afin de lui restituer sa position la plus exacte possible. Une enquête historique pour trouver des linceuls comparables a, par conséquent, été nécessaire avant de procéder à la restauration proprement dite. Cette dernière a impliqué un travail préparatoire et la création d’un prototype pour ajuster la forme du montage aux fragments du linceul anciennement restaurés.The opening of new rooms reserved for “The East Mediterranean in the Roman Empire” at the Louvre provided an opportunity to restore a shroud dating from the 2nd century AD, together with its mummy mask, on display in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities. The presentation of this ensemble in which the mummy mask is shown with its original shroud, quite a rare occurrence in museums, implied reflecting on the way in which the shroud was placed on the original mummy in order to reassemble it in an exact a position as possible. Consequently, historical research to find comparable shrouds was necessary before proceeding with the actual restoration. The latter involved preparatory work and the creation of a prototype in order to adjust the form of the assemblage to the fragments of the previously restored shroud

Euro Surveill

In September 2023, a severe outbreak of type B botulism with fifteen cases was linked to consumption of canned sardines at a restaurant in Bordeaux, France, during the Rugby World Cup. The cases were from seven countries. One death was recorded. Outbreak investigation using credit card data, rapid communication between health authorities of the affected countries and broad media communication allowed identification of cases and exposed persons and prevented further severe outcomes

Impact des deux confinements sur le recours aux soins d’urgence lors de l’épidémie de COVID-19 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Introduction : Suite à l’émergence de l’épidémie de COVID-19 en France, plusieurs mesures de prévention ont été mises en place, dont le confinement de la population. Celui-ci a pour but de ralentir la circulation du virus et de protéger le système de santé, notamment hospitalier. L’objectif de cet article est de décrire l’activité des urgences hospitalières lors des deux confinements liés à l’épidémie de COVID-19 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Matériels et méthode : Une analyse descriptive rétrospective des passages aux urgences a été réalisée pour la période du 9 décembre 2019 au 20 décembre 2020. L’évolution du nombre de passages aux urgences a été analysée à l’échelle régionale selon les caractéristiques médicales (hospitalisation et diagnostic de recours). Résultats : Le recours aux soins d’urgence a diminué de 50 % au cours du premier confinement lié à l’épidémie de COVID-19 et de près de 30 % lors du deuxième. La part des hospitalisations a augmenté lors des deux confinements (respectivement + 48 % et + 20 %). Enfin, on observe un recours différencié pendant les deux confinements avec l’émergence du recours aux soins pour « Coronavirus », « AVC » ou « Dyspnées/insuffisance respiratoire », tandis que les pathologies de type « Infections ORL » ou « Infections cutanées » ne sont plus observées. Discussion : Les données du réseau Oscour® ont permis de suivre l’épidémie de COVID-19 en Nouvelle-Aquitaine et l’impact des mesures de confinement de la population sur les urgences hospitalières de la région. Conclusion : La baisse du recours aux soins d’urgence, la hausse de la part des hospitalisations et les pathologies observées démontrent ainsi un recours pour les pathologies les plus graves lors des deux confinements.Introduction: Following the emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic in France, several preventive measures have been put in place, including a mandatory lockdown of the entire population. This measure was intended to slow down the viral circulation and protect the healthcare system, especially hospital departments. The aim of this study was to describe the activity of emergency department (ED) during the two lockdowns related to the COVID-19 epidemic in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region. Method: A retrospective descriptive analysis of ED visits was performed for the period December 09, 2019 to December 20, 2020. The distribution of the number of ED visits was studied. Results: ED visits decreased by 50% during the first lockdown in line with the COVID-19 epidemic and by 30% during the second. Hospitalization rate increased during the two lockdowns (+ 48% and + 20%, respectively). A differentiated use was observed during both lockdowns, with the emergence of the use of care for "coronavirus", "stroke" or "dyspnea / respiratory failure" while the typical pathologies "ENT infections" or "skin infections" were no more or less observed. Conclusion: Data from Oscour (R) allowed a real-time monitoring of the COVID-19 epidemic in France, and to assess the impact of lockdown on ED activity in the region. A decline in the use of healthcare services, the increase in hospitalization rate and the pathologies observed during the two lockdowns are in favour of a refocusing of the recourse for most serious pathologies

Impact assessment of mass gatherings using labelling procedure in ED, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 2016

ObjectiveTo access the potential health impact on the population during mass gathering over time using labelling procedure in emergency department (ED).IntroductionThe massive flow of people to mass gathering events, such as festivals or sports events like EURO 2016, may increase public health risks. In the particular context of several terrorist attacks that took place in France in 2015, the French national Public Health agency has decided to strengthen the population health surveillance systems using the mandatory notification disease system and the French national syndromic surveillance SurSaUD®.The objectives in terms of health surveillance of mass gathering are: 1/ the timely detection of a health event (infectious cluster, environmental exposure, collective foodborne disease…) 2/ the health impact assessment of an unexpected event such as a terrorist attack.In collaboration with the Regional Emergency Observatory (ORU), a procedure for the labeling of emergencies has been tested to identify the ED records that could be considered as linked to the event.MethodsDuring summer 2016, the procedure was tested on seven major festive events throughout the region. In addition to the main medical diagnosis, a specific ICD-10 code “Y3388” was chosen to be used in associated diagnosis for records that were supposed to linked to the event.Information on the labeling procedure was insured by the ORU to the emergency departments.All records with medical diagnoses or medical pattern beginning by Y33 have been analyzed.ResultsNo significant increase in the global indicator was observed in the ED impacted by mass gathering. The ED labelling procedure identified 260 records: two thirds corresponded to young men and 17% came from abroad. Among the 250 records labeled in associated diagnosis, 39% were associated to traumatisms and 31% corresponded to alcohol intake.ConclusionsThis study shows that a labelling procedure allows the identification, quantification and characterization of the population ED records associated with mass gathering. Additionally, a labelling procedure to assess a potential impact of an event as mass gathering can be implemented fairly rapidly.

Additional file 3 of Expert consultation using the on-line Delphi method for the revision of syndromic groups compiled from emergency data (SOS Médecins and OSCOUR®) in France

Additional file 3. a. Diagnostic codes by syndromic groups (SG) (n = 14) and their proportion of consensus in the 3 rounds of the Delphi SOS Médecins survey. The first column indicates the syndromic group, the 2nd column the surveillance objective and the 3rd the label of diagnostic codes. Proportions of consensus are indicated in column 4th to 6th. And the last column indicates if the diagnosis was kept or no in the syndromic group. b. Diagnostic codes by syndromic groups (SG) (n = 11) and their proportion of consensus in the 3 rounds of the Delphi OSCOUR® survey. The first column indicates the syndromic group, the 2nd column the surveillance objective and the 3rd the label of diagnostic codes. Proportions of consensus are indicated in column 4th to 6th. The last two columns indicate if the diagnosis was kept or no in the syndromic group and the number of subcodes

Additional file 2 of Expert consultation using the on-line Delphi method for the revision of syndromic groups compiled from emergency data (SOS Médecins and OSCOUR®) in France

Additional file 2. a. Number of participants contacted and having answered the Delphi SOS Médecins survey. The first column indicates the different rounds of the Delphi SOS Médecins survey. The next 3 columns indicate results for the different groups of the survey. The last column shows the total for all the three groups. The 3 first lines give the number of people per group to whom the questionnaire was sent for each round. The last 3 rows show the number of people who responded to the questionnaire and the participation rate in percentage (number of persons who completed the questionnaire by the number of persons contacted) in each group, for each round. b. Number of participants contacted and having answered the Delphi OSCOUR® survey. The first column indicates the different rounds of the Delphi OSCOUR® survey. The next 3 columns indicate results for the different groups of the survey. The last column shows the total for all the three groups. The three first line give the number of people per group to whom the questionnaire was sent for each round. The last 3 rows show the number of people who responded to the questionnaire and the participation rate in percentage (number of persons who completed the questionnaire by the number of persons contacted) in each group, for each round

Additional file 1 of Expert consultation using the on-line Delphi method for the revision of syndromic groups compiled from emergency data (SOS Médecins and OSCOUR®) in France

Additional file 1. Screenshot of the OSCOUR® survey questionnaire for Injury SG in the 2nd round. This figure shows the display of the questionnaire for the syndromic group “injury” in the 2nd round of the Delphi OSCOUR® survey. On this screenshot, we have at the top the remind of surveillance objective. On the graph, each bar represents one diagnostic code, the proportion of consensus is represented on the abcissa axis. The blue color on the bar indicates to the participant the code he chose while the grey color indicates the codes he did not choose. Below the graph are listed the ICD-10 codes of syndromic group “injury”, the participants were invited to indicate again relevant diagnostic codes according to the surveillance objective. By rolling over T79 with the mouse, they could view included subcodes in the dark blue box

First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures, January 2020

International audienceA novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) causing a cluster of respiratory infections (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, was identified on 7 January 2020. The epidemic quickly disseminated from Wuhan and as at 12 February 2020, 45,179 cases have been confirmed in 25 countries, including 1,116 deaths. Strengthened surveillance was implemented in France on 10 January 2020 in order to identify imported cases early and prevent secondary transmission. Three categories of risk exposure and follow-up procedure were defined for contacts. Three cases of COVID-19 were confirmed on 24 January, the first cases in Europe. Contact tracing was immediately initiated. Five contacts were evaluated as at low risk of exposure and 18 at moderate/high risk. As at 12 February 2020, two cases have been discharged and the third one remains symptomatic with a persistent cough, and no secondary transmission has been identified. Effective collaboration between all parties involved in the surveillance and response to emerging threats is required to detect imported cases early and to implement adequate control measures

Simple Aspiration versus Drainage for Complete Pneumothorax: A Randomized Noninferiority Trial

International audienceRationale: Management of first episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax remains the subject of debate.Objectives: To determine whether first-line simple aspiration is noninferior to first-line chest tube drainage for lung expansion in patients with complete primary spontaneous pneumothorax.Methods: We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomized noninferiority trial. Adults aged 18–50 years with complete primary spontaneous pneumothorax (total separation of the lung from the chest wall), recruited at 31 French hospitals from 2009 to 2015, received simple aspiration (n = 200) or chest tube drainage (n = 202) as first-line treatment. The primary outcome was pulmonary expansion 24 hours after the procedure. Secondary outcomes were tolerance of treatment, occurrence of adverse events, and recurrence of pneumothorax within 1 year. Substantial discordance in the numerical inputs used for trial planning and the actual trial rates of the primary outcome resulted in a reevaluation of the trial analysis plan.Measurement and Main Results: Treatment failure occurred in 29% in the aspiration group and 18% in the chest tube drainage group (difference in failure rate, 0.113; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.026–0.200). The aspiration group experienced less pain overall (mean difference, −1.4; 95% CI, −1.89, −0.91), less pain limiting breathing (frequency difference, −0.18; 95% CI, −0.27, −0.09), and less kinking of the device (frequency difference, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.09, −0.01). Recurrence of pneumothorax was 20% in this group versus 27% in the drainage group (frequency difference, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.16, +0.02).Conclusions: First-line management of complete primary spontaneous pneumothorax with simple aspiration had a higher failure rate than chest tube drainage but was better tolerated with fewer adverse events

Efficacy of plasma exchange in patients with anti-MDA5 rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease

International audienceBackground: Rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) is a frequent and severe manifestation of anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis (MDA5-DM) associated with poor outcome. The optimal treatment regimen for MDA5-DM RP-ILD is yet to be determined. Specifically, the value of adding plasma exchange (PLEX) to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of PLEX on the outcome of patients with MDA5-DM RP-ILD. Methods: This French nationwide multicentre retrospective study included all MDA5-DM RP-ILD patients from 2012 to 2021 admitted to 18 centres. The primary endpoint was one-year transplant-free survival. Results: 51 patients with MDA5-DM RP-ILD (female 67%; mean age at disease onset: 51 ± 11.6 years) were included. Thirty-two (63%) patients required mechanical ventilation and twenty-five (49%) received PLEX. One-year mortality or lung transplant occurred in 63% cases after a median follow-up of 77 [38–264] days. The Cox proportional hazards multivariable model only retained mechanical ventilation but not PLEX (p = 0.7) as independent predictor of the primary endpoint. One-year transplant-free survival rates in PLEX + vs. PLEX-were 20% vs. 54% (p = 0.01), respectively. The Kaplan–Meier estimated probabilities of one-year transplant-free survival was statistically higher in PLEX-compared to PLEX + patients (p = 0.05). PLEX + compared to PLEX-patients more frequently received mechanical ventilation and immunosuppressants suggesting PLEX + patients had a more severe disease. Conclusion: MDA5-DM RP-ILD is associated with poor rate of one-year transplant-free survival. The use of PLEX was not associated with a better outcome albeit they were mainly given to more severe patients. While our study reports the largest series of MDA5-DM RP-ILD given PLEX, these results needs to be interpreted with caution owing the numerous selection, indication and interpretation bias. Further studies are needed to evaluate their efficacy in this setting