The impact of pendular model on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball players

This study aimed to verify the influence of applying the Pendular Model of Tactical-Technical Training (Pendular Model) on decision-making and tactical-technical performance of U18 male volleyball athletes. A total of 44 U18 volleyball athletes participated in the study, divided into two groups: experimental group (n = 23) and control group (n = 21). The Declarative Tactical Knowledge Test in Volleyball was used for the decision-making analysis, while the Instrument for Technical-Tactical Performance Assessment in Volleyball was used for the specific tactical-technical performance components level analysis in the game. Experimental group athletes performed 24 training sessions using the Pendular Model, and control group athletes maintained 24 sessions of regular training. There was a significant difference in decision-making in the extremity attack and setting situations, being better in the experimental group than the control group in the pre and postintervention moments. There were significant differences in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components in athletes’ tactical-technical performance in game situations, being greater in the experimental group compared to the control group in the moments after 12 sessions and postintervention. It is concluded that the Pendular Model proved to be effective for improving decision-making in extremity attack and setting video situations and in the tactical-technical performance in the game in the adjustment, decision-making, and effectiveness components for male U18 volleyball athletes. © The Author(s) 2021

Contribuições da concepção dos fenômenos complexos para o ensino dos esportes coletivos Contributions of the complex phenomena conception to the teaching of team sports

Há tempos os Jogos Coletivos Esportivizados (JCE's) são considerados ou analisados em função das partes que os compõem. Esse pensamento reducionista, caracterizado pelo comportamento linear entre o estímulo e sua resposta, vem passando por significativa mudança de paradigma, principalmente quando estão os JCE's no cerne da análise. O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar as relações e as contribuições existentes entre a mudança de paradigma, que passa a considerar a complexidade dos sistemas, e os métodos de ensino dos JCE's, considerando a aleatoriedade, a não-linearidade e a imprevisibilidade inerentes a esses.<br>For long years the Collective Sports (CS) are considered and analyzed according to the parties that compose them. This reductionist thinking, characterized by the linear relationship between the stimulus and its response, has been undergoing a significant paradigm shift, especially when they are the CS at the center of the analysis. The objective of this research is to present the relations and contributions between the paradigm shift, which is now considered the complexity of the systems and methodologies for the CS teaching, considering some properties of these, like the randomness, the non-linearity and unpredictability

O conhecimento tático produto de métodos de ensino combinados e aplicados em sequências inversas no voleibol

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as diferenças entre os métodos de ensino situacional e tradicional no desenvolvimento do conhecimento tático declarativo e processual nas sessões de treinamento de voleibol, bem como observar a in&#64258;uência da ordem de aplicação desses métodos no conhecimento tático. A amostra foi composta por 36 estudantes (sexo masculino - faixa etária de 12 a 14 anos), sendo 22 destes inscritos nas equipes escolares de voleibol e 14 não praticantes de voleibol (grupo controle). Um grupo iniciou o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento pelo método situacional (GST) e outro pelo método tradicional (GTS). Ao final de 15 sessões o método foi invertido e realizado o mesmo número de sessões. Para confirmar a execução do método de ensino foi empregada a observação e categorização dos treinos (STEFANELLO, 1999). Para a avaliação do conhecimento processual foi utilizado o teste KORA (MEMMERT, 2002), no parâmetro tático reconhecer espaços. Já no declarativo usou-se o teste de Conhecimento Tático em Situação de Ataque de Rede (PAULA, 2000). Os três grupos no pré-teste demonstram estar inicialmente no mesmo patamar de conhecimento tático declarativo e processual. No GST, ao se aplicar o método situacional (referente às 15 sessões iniciais), não houve diferença significativa no conhecimento tático declarativo, mas houve no processual convergente e divergente. Já no GTS, ao empregar o método tradicional, não se confirmou o desenvolvimento de nenhum dos conhecimentos táticos. Ao efetuar a inversão do método de ensino, no GST (30 sessões na sequência situacional-tradicional) foi apurada melhoria significativa de ambos os conhecimentos táticos processuais. Entretanto, o mesmo não ocorreu no GTS na sequência tradicional-situacional. Os resultados indicam que a sequência de treinamentos referentes ao GST proporcionou melhoras relevantes na inteligência e na criatividade tática dos jogadores.The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between traditional and situational teaching methods on the acquisition of procedural and declarative tactical knowledge in volleyball sessions of training, and to verify the in&#64258;uence of the order of employment of these methods on tactical knowledge. The sample was composed by 36 students (male/aged 12-14 years), 22 of them were school volleyball players and the other 14 were not volleyball players (control group). One group has started the teaching-learning-training process by using situational method (GST), while in the other group it was used traditional method (GTS). After 15 training sessions, there was an inversion, with the first group using the situational method and the traditional method being applied in the second group during additional 15 training sessions. Training session's categorization (STEFANELLO, 1999) was conducted in order to confirm the employment of the teaching method. To assess the procedural knowledge was used KORA test (MEMMERT, 2002) on the tactical parameter recognize spaces. For the measurement of declarative tactical knowledge it was utilized the Tactical Knowledge Test of Network Attack Situations (PAULA, 2000). Pre-test scores appointed the three groups to be in similar levels of declarative tactical knowledge, convergent procedural tactical knowledge (tactical intelligence) and divergent procedural tactical knowledge (tactical creativity). On the GST, by applying the situational method (referring to 15 initial sections), there was no significant difference on the tactical declarative knowledge, but there was on the procedure convergent and divergent. On the GTS, by using the traditional method none of the tactical knowledge developed. When making the inversion of learning method on the GST (30 sections on the sequence situational traditional) it was detected a significant improvement of both tactical procedure knowledge. However, this did not occur on the GTS on the traditional-situational sequence. These results suggest that training sequence referring to GST provided significant improvement on the players' tactical intelligence and creativity