The Early Data Release of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument

\ua9 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) completed its 5 month Survey Validation in 2021 May. Spectra of stellar and extragalactic targets from Survey Validation constitute the first major data sample from the DESI survey. This paper describes the public release of those spectra, the catalogs of derived properties, and the intermediate data products. In total, the public release includes good-quality spectral information from 466,447 objects targeted as part of the Milky Way Survey, 428,758 as part of the Bright Galaxy Survey, 227,318 as part of the Luminous Red Galaxy sample, 437,664 as part of the Emission Line Galaxy sample, and 76,079 as part of the Quasar sample. In addition, the release includes spectral information from 137,148 objects that expand the scope beyond the primary samples as part of a series of secondary programs. Here, we describe the spectral data, data quality, data products, Large-Scale Structure science catalogs, access to the data, and references that provide relevant background to using these spectra

Comparison of MRI-guided and ventriculography-based stereotactic surgery for Parkinson's disease

Stereotactic surgery for Parkinson's disease can be performed using different neuroimaging methods. Ventriculography has been used to locate the coordinates of the structures close to the third ventricle. Although it has several potential disadvantages related to the intraventricular injection of iodine contrast, it is considered a precise method. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been used in some centers. In order to compare their efficacy, 50 stereotactic thalamotomies for Parkinson's disease were performed using either ventriculography (VE) (25) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (25). In 14 out of 25 VE procedures, computed tomography (CT-scan) was also used and showed a significant mean difference of coordinate Y and Z. The clinical results employing either VE or MRI were similar, with 80% abolition of tremor in the VE group, and 84% in the MRI group, after a follow up period of at least 3 months. Another 12% of VE and 16% of MRI group showed significant improvement of tremor. Complication rate was 4% in both groups. MRI-guided stereotactic thalamotomy in Parkinson's disease has shown good clinical results, comparable to VE-guided stereotaxis.A cirurgia estereotáxica para doença de Parkinson (DP) pode ser realizada com diferentes métodos de neuroimagem. A ventriculografia (VE) tem sido empregada para determinar as coordenadas estereotáxicas das estruturas próximas ao terceiro ventrículo. Apesar de várias desvantagens relacionadas com a injeção intraventricular de contraste iodado, é considerada como uma técnica precisa. A tomografia computadorizada (TC) e a ressonância magnética (RM) têm sido utilizadas em alguns centros. Para comparar a eficácia dos diferentes métodos, 50 talamotomias estereotáxicas para DP foram realizadas utilizando VE (25 casos) e RM (25 casos). Em 14, dos 25 casos com VE, o emprego concomitante de TC demonstrou diferença média importante nas coordenadas Y e Z. Os resultados clínicos utilizando-se VE ou RM foram similares, com 80% de abolição de tremor no grupo com VE e 84% com RM durante seguimento mínimo de 3 meses. Além disso, 12% do grupo com VE e 16% do grupo com RM apresentaram significativa melhora do tremor. índice de 4% de complicações foi encontrado em ambos os grupos. Não houve mortalidade. A talamotomia estereotáxica guiada por RM para DP demonstrou resultados comparáveis aos obtidos com VE

Cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors: an evolutionary concept analysis

Jacqueline B Vo,1 Timiya S Nolan,1 David E Vance,1 Patricia A Patrician,2 Karen Meneses1 1Office of Research and Scholarship, 2Department of Family, Community Health, and Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, USA Background: More than 3.5 million breast cancer survivors are living in the US, and the overall five-year survival rate is approaching 90%. With increased survival and cancer treatment-related cardiotoxicities, there has been a rise in cardiovascular diseases among breast cancer survivors. Yet, cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors has not been well conceptualized. The purpose of this article was to analyze and define the concept of cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors. Methods: The databases CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed were used to identify articles that explored cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors. The search yielded 357 articles, which were reviewed for eligibility. Thirty articles were selected based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The concept of cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors was analyzed using Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method. Results: The analysis suggests that cardiovascular disease risk among breast cancer survivors consists of several attributes: cancer treatment (chemotherapy, targeted therapies, radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy), modifiable risk factors (obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet, and smoking), and nonmodifiable risk factors (age, family history, and race). The antecedent identified includes breast cancer diagnosis and the consequence identified includes the development of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for increased education and understanding of ­cardiovascular disease risk among health care providers and patients. Survivorship care plans can incorporate cardiovascular disease risk monitoring and screening. Future research is needed to explore interventions and develop stratified screening guidelines for breast cancer survivors. Keywords: breast cancer survivors, cardiovascular disease risk, Rodgers’ evolutionary concept analysis method, cancer survivorship, cardiotoxicit

Combined Lower Limb Revascularisation and Supervised Exercise Training for Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

Background Both revascularisation and supervised exercise training improve functional outcomes and quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).However, the value of combined therapy, where exercise therapy is delivered as an adjunct to revascularisation, is less clear. Objective To systematically review evidence on the effi- cacy of lower limb revascularisation combined with supervised exercise training in patients with PAD. Methods Parallel-group randomised controlled trials indexed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science were searched (up to Jan 2016). Outcome measures were pain-free and maximum walking distances, ankle-brachial index (ABI), leg blood flow and quality of life. Methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Result Eight trials were included that enrolled a total of 726 patients (mean age 66 ± 3 years, ABI 0.66 ± 0.05). Combined therapy led to greater improvements in pain-free (mean difference [MD] range 38–408 m) and maximal walking distances (MD range 82–321 m) compared with revascularisation or supervised training alone. Combined therapy had no added effect on resting ABI over revascularisation (MD range -0.05 to 0.13), and had a signifi- cantly greater effect than supervised exercise training alone (MD range 0.13–0.31). Limited evidence (one to three trials) also suggested that combined therapy led to greater improvements in leg blood flow and physical domains of quality of life than supervised exercise training alone, and that improvements in leg blood flow, as well as the physical and mental domains of quality of life were not different to that achieved with revascularisation alone. Conclusion Current evidence suggests that PAD patients treated with combined therapy achieve greater functional benefits than those treated with revascularisation or supervised exercise training alone. Limited evidence also suggests that the effect of combined therapy on leg haemodynamics and quality of life may be superior to supervised exercise training alone, and similar to revascularisation alone