AUTOIMAGEM DA MULHER MASTECTOMIZADA: IMPACTOS E REPERCUSSÕES ADVINDOS DO CÂNCER DE MAMA

Introduction: Self-image is defined as the way an individual perceives and feels about their own body. In addition, it is related to the concepts of ‘image’ and ‘body’, whose interpretation goes beyond language and encompasses a broader dimension by taking into account the uniqueness of each being. Objective: To promote reflection on the proposed theme. Methodology: This is a descriptive bibliographic review with a qualitative approach, analyzing scientific literature that refers us to the research object. The bibliographic research is based on already published material with the aim of analyzing different positions on a given subject. Analysis and discussion of results: The Enimar de Paula1; recommended care for mastectomized women are: avoiding sun exposure; not pressing on the side of the operated limb; being careful not to suffer burns, scratches and cuts; not receiving injections, vaccines or blood extraction on the upper limb homolateral to surgery; avoiding cuticle removal; not carrying weight; exercising upper limbs; among others. Conclusion: The nurse also has the duty to follow up on health education activities, which aim to provide information related to necessary care after mastectomy, which assists women in the recovery process.Introdução: A autoimagem é definida como a maneira pela qual um indivíduo se percebe e se sente em relação ao seu próprio corpo. Além disso, está relacionada aos conceitos de ‘imagem’ e ‘corpo’, cuja interpretação vai além da linguagem e abrange uma dimensão mais ampla ao levar em conta a singularidade de cada ser Objetivo: Promover flexão acerca da temática proposta Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. A pesquisa bibliográfica é elaborada com base em material já publicado com o objetivo de analisar posições diversas em relação a determinado assunto Análise e discussão dos resultados: A importância de se adotarem as medidas diárias para a diminuição da probabilidade de complicações pós-operatórias. Dentre os cuidados recomendados às mulheres mastectomizadas, estão: evitar a exposição ao sol; não pressionar o lado do membro operado; ter cuidado para não sofrer queimaduras, arranhões e cortes; não receber injeções, vacinas ou extrair sangue no membro superior homolateral à cirurgia; evitar remover cutícula; não carregar peso; exercitar os membros superiores; entre outros Conclusão: O enfermeiro também tem o dever de acompanhar as atividades educativas em saúde, que objetivam fornecer informações relacionadas aos cuidados necessários após a mastectomia, que auxiliam a mulher no processo de recuperação

ASPECTOS E INTERFACES ECONÔMICAS E SOCIOCULTURAIS NA PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DE PRÓSTATA E PÊNIS

Introduction: Cancer can occur when there is a DNA alteration in a cell that starts to multiply in an uncontrolled manner, a process known as carcinogenesis or oncogenesis, which gives rise to various types of carcinoma. These social and cultural issues hinder men's access to early detection and treatment measures, resulting in a higher risk of complications and even avoidable deaths. Objective: To analyze and review articles and manuals on the influence of sociocultural aspects and their correlation with preventive measures for prostate and penile cancer. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review with a qualitative approach, analyzing scientific literature related to the research topic, selecting complete articles published in Portuguese between 2017 and 2022. Exclusion criteria included duplicate articles, unavailable texts, publications in languages other than Portuguese, and studies published more than 5 years ago. Analysis and discussion of results: Culturally, men are seen as symbols of strength, virility, and resilience, creating the notion that males don't get sick and should not show vulnerability. Due to this upbringing and cultural influence enforced and demanded by society, men neglect their health and only seek medical assistance when their physical condition worsens. Conclusion: Sociocultural aspects play a crucial role in the prevention of prostate and penile cancer. Keywords: cultural aspects; penile cancer; prostate cancer.Introdução: O câncer pode surgir quando ocorre uma alteração no DNA de uma célula que começa a se multiplicar de forma desorganizada na qual é denominada como carcinogênese ou oncogênese, que dá origem aos diversos tipos de carcinoma. Essas questões sociais e culturais dificultam o acesso dos homens a medidas de detecção e tratamento precoce, resultando em um maior risco de complicações e até mesmo de óbitos relacionados a doenças evitáveis. Objetivo: Analisar e Revisar artigos e manuais sobre a influência e os aspectos socioculturais correlacionando a medidas preventivas do câncer de próstata e pênis. Metodologia: revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa, selecionanda da literatura, artigos completos, publicados em português, no período de 2017-2022, e os critérios de exclusão os artigos repetidos, publicações com textos indisponíveis, fora da língua vernácula e estudos com mais de 5 anos de publicação, fora do recorte temporal.  Análise e discussão dos resultados: Culturalmente o homem é visto como o símbolo de força, virilidade e resistência, criando a ideia de que o ser masculino não fica doente e não pode demonstrar fragilidade, devido a essa criação e educação familiar e cultural, imposta e cobrada pela sociedade, o homem é desleixado com sua saúde só procurando a assistência médica quando há um agravamento de seu estado físico Conclusão: os aspectos socioculturais desempenham um papel crucial na prevenção do câncer de próstata e pênis

RECOMENDAÇÕES FRENTE AO CÂNCER DE COLO DE ÚTERO E DE MAMA: a educação em saúde como estratégia de prevenção para a saúde da mulher

  Introduction: Among women worldwide, cervical and breast cancer are among the most prevalent types of cancer. Both cancers have a direct relationship with women's health and are preventable provided preventive measures are taken regularly. Objective: The general objective is to discuss the importance of awareness and care for women's health in the prevention of cervical and breast cancer. Methodology: This is a descriptive and qualitative bibliographic review with an analysis of scientific literature related to the research object. Analysis and discussion of results: Population awareness and health education are essential measures for preventing cervical and breast cancer. Awareness campaigns can contribute to the dissemination of information and reduce the incidence of these types of cancer. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors related to cervical and breast cancer to detect these diseases in early stages. By knowing the signs and symptoms of these neoplasms, women can seek medical help earlier, increasing the chances of cure and reducing mortality. Conclusion: Prevention plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence of cervical and breast cancer. Regular preventive examinations, vaccination, adoption of healthy lifestyles, and health education are some of the main preventive measures for these types of cancer.Introdução: Entre as mulheres em todo o mundo, o câncer de colo de útero e de mama estão entre os tipos de câncer mais prevalentes. Ambos os cânceres têm uma relação direta com a saúde feminina e são passíveis de prevenção, desde que medidas preventivas sejam tomadas de forma regular. Objetivo: tem como objetivo geral discutir a importância da conscientização e do cuidado com a saúde feminina na prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e de mama. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, com análise de literaturas científicas que nos remetam ao objeto de pesquisa. Analise e discussão dos resultados: A conscientização da população e a educação em saúde são medidas essenciais para a prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e mama. Campanhas de conscientização podem contribuir para a disseminação de informações e para a redução da incidência desses tipos de câncer. É fundamental estar ciente dos fatores de risco relacionados ao câncer de colo de útero e de mama para detectar essas doenças em estágios iniciais. Ao conhecer os sinais e sintomas dessas neoplasias, as mulheres podem procurar ajuda médica mais cedo, aumentando as chances de cura e reduzindo a mortalidade Conclusão: A prevenção desempenha um papel crucial na diminuição da ocorrência de câncer de colo de útero e mama. A realização regular de exames preventivos, a vacinação, a adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis e a educação em saúde são algumas das principais medidas preventivas para esses tipos de câncer

Population Genetic Analysis Infers Migration Pathways of Phytophthora ramorum in US Nurseries

Recently introduced, exotic plant pathogens may exhibit low genetic diversity and be limited to clonal reproduction. However, rapidly mutating molecular markers such as microsatellites can reveal genetic variation within these populations and be used to model putative migration patterns. Phytophthora ramorum is the exotic pathogen, discovered in the late 1990s, that is responsible for sudden oak death in California forests and ramorum blight of common ornamentals. The nursery trade has moved this pathogen from source populations on the West Coast to locations across the United States, thus risking introduction to other native forests. We examined the genetic diversity of P. ramorum in United States nurseries by microsatellite genotyping 279 isolates collected from 19 states between 2004 and 2007. Of the three known P. ramorum clonal lineages, the most common and genetically diverse lineage in the sample was NA1. Two eastward migration pathways were revealed in the clustering of NA1 isolates into two groups, one containing isolates from Connecticut, Oregon, and Washington and the other isolates from California and the remaining states. This finding is consistent with trace forward analyses conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. At the same time, genetic diversities in several states equaled those observed in California, Oregon, and Washington and two-thirds of multilocus genotypes exhibited limited geographic distributions, indicating that mutation was common during or subsequent to migration. Together, these data suggest that migration, rapid mutation, and genetic drift all play a role in structuring the genetic diversity of P. ramorum in US nurseries. This work demonstrates that fast-evolving genetic markers can be used to examine the evolutionary processes acting on recently introduced pathogens and to infer their putative migration patterns, thus showing promise for the application of forensics to plant pathogens

HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pretreatment drug resistance in people initiating or re-initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) might compromise HIV control in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the scale of this problem and whether it is associated with the intiation or re-initiation of ART in people who have had previous exposure to antiretroviral drugs. METHODS: This study was a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. We assessed regional prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance and risk of pretreatment drug resistance in people initiating ART who reported previous ART exposure. We systematically screened publications and unpublished datasets for pretreatment drug-resistance data in individuals in LMICs initiating or re-initiating first-line ART from LMICs. We searched for studies in PubMed and Embase and conference abstracts and presentations from the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, the International AIDS Society Conference, and the International Drug Resistance Workshop for the period Jan 1, 2001, to Dec 31, 2016. To assess the prevalence of drug resistance within a specified region at any specific timepoint, we extracted study level data and pooled prevalence estimates within the region using an empty logistic regression model with a random effect at the study level. We used random effects meta-regression to relate sampling year to prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance within geographical regions. FINDINGS: We identified 358 datasets that contributed data to our analyses, representing 56 044 adults in 63 countries. Prevalence estimates of pretreatment NNRTI resistance in 2016 were 11·0% (7·5-15·9) in southern Africa, 10·1% (5·1-19·4) in eastern Africa, 7·2% (2·9-16·5) in western and central Africa, and 9·4% (6·6-13·2) in Latin America and the Caribbean. There were substantial increases in pretreatment NNRTI resistance per year in all regions. The yearly increases in the odds of pretreatment drug resistance were 23% (95% CI 16-29) in southern Africa, 17% (5-30) in eastern Africa, 17% (6-29) in western and central Africa, 11% (5-18) in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 11% (2-20) in Asia. Estimated increases in the absolute prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance between 2015 and 2016 ranged from 0·3% in Asia to 1·8% in southern Africa. INTERPRETATION: Pretreatment drug resistance is increasing at substantial rate in LMICs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016, the prevalence of pretreatment NNRTI resistance was near WHO's 10% threshold for changing first-line ART in southern and eastern Africa and Latin America, underscoring the need for routine national HIV drug-resistance surveillance and review of national policies for first-line ART regimen composition. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and World Health Organization

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Developing cookies formulated with goat cream enriched with conjugated linoleic acid

Research Areas: Science & TechnologyABSTRACT - Goat fat is one of the best sources of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid which has health benefits. However, though CLA is generated in ruminants, CLA consumption is limited to meats and milk products. This study aimed to replace vegetable fat with goat milk fat enriched with CLA. From differing fat sources, four cookie recipes were developed: CVF– vegetable fat cookies; CB–butter cookies; CG–goat milk fat cookies without CLA; CGCLA– goat milk fat cookies with CLA. The cookies were evaluated using physical (color and texture), physical-chemical parameters (lipids, proteins, total sugars, fiber, ash, moisture and Aw), consumer testing (n = 123), and lipid profiles. The CGCLA presented higher values in the color parameters. The highest and the lowest scores obtained for hardness were respectively 5.54 (CB) and 2.21 (CVF). Lipids and total sugars varied inversely; the highest percentages of lipids were in the CVF and CG samples which obtained lower total sugar content. There were no differences in acceptance or preference for the four formulations. The goat cream formulations (CG and CGCLA) were as well accepted as the CFV formulation. For lipid profiles, CFV presented the highest percentage of trans-fatty acids (TFA) at 16.76%. CGCLA presented 70% more CLA than either CB or CG, certifying that CGCLA presents CLA in relevant quantities, even after cooking. The CGCLA presented higher levels of CLA, and in this study it was verified that goat milk cream enriched with CLA can be used in producing cookies, adding functional and nutritional properties, and offering another alternative(s) to produce food from goat milk fat.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparative proteomics of two citrus varieties in response to infection by the fungus Alternaria alternata

International audienceAlternaria brown spot (ABS) is a disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria alternata, which induces necrotic lesions on fruits and young leaves due to the production of the host-specific ACT toxin by the fungus. To better understand the citrus-A. alternata interaction and to identify putative resistance proteins, as well as the receptor of the ACT toxin, citrus plants susceptible ('Minneola' mandarin) and resistant ('Clemenules' tangor) to A. alternata, infected or not (control) with the pathogen were analyzed by proteomics. Protein changes were observed between citrus genotypes after infection, and 150 candidate proteins were obtained. A general scheme of the metabolic processes involved in susceptible and resistant citrus-A. alternata interactions was designed. Susceptible plants presented a high level of proteins involved in stress response at the final stages of the infection, whereas resistant plants presented high level of ROS proteins, metabolic proteins, and proteins involved in the immune system process. Proteins like ferredoxin and cyclophilin are specific to the susceptible variety and may be good candidates as fungal effector-interacting proteins. This is the first citrus-A. alternata proteomics analysis, which has allowed a better understanding of the molecular bases of the citrus response to ABS disease