Repercusiones posturales con los estiramientos en flexión de tronco y las pruebas de distancia dedos-planta y distancia dedos-suelo

La postura corporal no es un concepto estrictamente estático, siendo preciso analizar aquellos movimientos y ejercicios que se realizan con gran frecuencia en la actividad física y que repercuten de forma directa en diversas estructuras del aparato locomotor, fundamentalmente en el raquis. En el presente artículo de revisión se ofrece un estudio de dos ejercicios ampliamente utilizados en el ámbito clínico y de la actividad física, como son los estiramiento en flexión de tronco y los tests de flexibilidad de Distancia Dedos-Planta y Distancia Dedos-Suelo, que frecuentemente se efectúan con dudosa corrección. Podremos comprobar cómo su ejecución incorrecta influye negativamente sobre la estabilidad del raquis y estableceremos estrategias para su realización de forma correcta

“External and total hip rotation range of motion predispose to low back pain in elite Spanish inline hockey player”

Low back pain (LBP) is a common ailment in competitive athletes. Although the association between limited range of motion (ROM) and prevalence of LBP has been widely investigated in other sports, there is no research about this topic in inline hockey (IH). The main purposes of this study in IH players were (1) to analyze the association between hip ROM and LBP and (2) to establish a diagnostic cuto for ROM of high risk of LBP. Twenty elite IH players from the two Spanish National Teams (male and female) were assessed for passive maximum hip ROMs; the movement evaluated were the hip external [HER] and internal [HIR] rotation, hip flexion with flexed [HF-KF] and extended [HF-KE] knee, hip adduction with flexed hip [HAD-HF], hip abduction with neutral [HAB] and flexed [HAB-HF] hip, and hip extension [HE]. LBP was retrospectively monitored for the last 12 months before the date of ROM assessment by using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed via a binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves. The 70% of players had developed LBP during the retrospective study period. Significant dierences between LBP group and asymptomatic group for HER (p = 0.013, d [Cohen’s eect size] = 1.17) and hip total rotation [HTR] (p = 0.032, d [Cohen’s eect size] = 1.05) were observed. The cuto points with the greatest discriminatory capacity were 56.5 for HER and 93 for HTR ROMs

Vergence control system for stereo depth recovery

This paper describes a vergence control algorithm for a 3D stereo recovery system. This work has been developed within framework of the project ROBTET. This project has the purpose of designing a Teleoperated Robotic System for live power lines maintenance. The tasks involved suppose the automatic calculation of path for standard tasks, collision detection to avoid electrical shocks, force feedback and accurate visual data, and the generation of collision free real paths. To accomplish these tasks the system needs an exact model of the environment that is acquired through an active stereoscopic head. A cooperative algorithm using vergence and stereo correlation is shown. The proposed system is carried out through an algorithm based on the phase correlation, trying to keep the vergence on the interest object. The sharp vergence changes produced by the variation of the interest objects are controlled through an estimation of the depth distance generated by a stereo correspondence system. In some elements of the scene, those aligned with the epipolar plane, large errors in the depth estimation as well as in the phase correlation, are produced. To minimize these errors a laser lighting system is used to help fixation, assuring an adequate vergence and depth extraction .The work presented in this paper has been supported by electric utility IBERDROLA, S.A. under project PIE No. 132.198

Job-shop scheduling applied to computer vision

This paper presents a method for minimizing the total elapsed time spent by n tasks running on m differents processors working in parallel. The developed algorithm not only minimizes the total elapsed time but also reduces the idle time and waiting time of in-process tasks. This condition is very important in some applications of computer vision in which the time to finish the total process is particularly critical -quality control in industrial inspection, real-time computer vision, guided robots, .... The scheduling algorithm is based on the use of two matrices, obtained from the precedence relationships between tasks, and the data obtained from the two matrixes. The developed scheduling algorithm has been tested in one application of quality control using computer vision. The results obtained have been satisfactory in the application of different image processing algorithms

Low Range of Shoulders Horizontal Abduction Predisposes for Shoulder Pain in Competitive Young Swimmers

The prevalence of shoulder pain (SP) among competitive swimmers is high, and may profoundly restrict their ability to compete. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between 3 blocks of performance factors (anthropometric characteristics, sport experience and training regimen) and the presence of SP. The aims of the present study were: (a): to determine the profile of shoulder flexibility in young swimmers, (b) to analyze whether a restricted range of movement (ROM) could be a predictor of subsequent SP in young swimmers. 24 competitive young swimmers were measured in the 2016 pre-season. Measures of passive maximal shoulder extension (SE), flexion (SF), horizontal abduction (SHAB), abduction (SAB), horizontal adduction (SHADD), external (SER) and internal (SIR) rotation ROMs were taken. SP was prospectively monitored during the subsequent season using questionnaires. The data was analyzed via a binary logistic regression and ROC curves were calculated. At the follow-up, 16 swimmers (50%) had developed unilateral SP. Only reduced SHAB ROM was associated with SP [SP group 36.6° vs. pain-free group 41.5°; p = 0.005, d = -0.96 (moderate effect sizes)]. Using the coordinates of the curves, the angle of SHAB ROM that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing SP was determined to be 39° (sensibility 0.656 and 0.375 specificity). Swimmers with limited ROM (≤39°) have 3.6 times higher risk of developing SP than swimmers with normal ROM (>39°). This study clearly shows that low range of SHAB is a risk factor for developing SP in competitive young swimmers. In the studied data, a SHAB range of 39° was found to be the most appropriate cut-off point for prognostic screening

Assessment of the range of movement of the lower limb in sport: advantages of the ROM-SPORT I Battery

Range of movement (ROM) assessment is an important strategy to increase physical-technical performance and minimize the risk of sports-related injuries. Currently, there is no consensus regarding which ROM assessment method is the most appropriate. The main objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the test batteries available for the assessment of lower limb ROM; additionally, we compare the ROM-SPORT I battery with those previously reported in the literature. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The identification of publications was made by using the databases SciELO, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Based on the inclusion criteria, sixteen publications were selected and analyzed. The ROM-SPORT I battery is the most valid of the analyzed methods. This battery evaluates the ROM of eleven lower limb movements. The inclinometer with a telescopic arm and a box is a simpler, more comfortable, and faster procedure than others. The Lumbosant support and use of two examiners are essential to avoid compensatory movements to obtain reliable measurements during ROM assessment. The ROM-SPORT I is a field-based battery of tests that may be used by sports professionals, clinics, and researchers in applied settings to accurately assess and monitor lower extremity ROM

Lower-limb flexibility profile analysis in youth competitive inline hockey players

During puberty, the growth of the bones is faster than that of the muscles, which may result in muscular tightness. Muscular tightness and asymmetry have been associated with an increase in injury incidence. The assessment of a joint range of motion (ROM) could help to identify athletes classified as high injury risk. The objectives of the present study were to describe the lower-extremity flexibility profile (LEFP) of youth competitive inline hockey players using the ROM-SPORT battery (I) and to identify muscular tightness and asymmetry (II). Seventy-four young players were examined for maximum passive ankle, knee, and hip ROMs. Muscle asymmetry or tightness was classified according to cutoff scores previously described. The LEFP of the 74 players was 10.8º for hip extension, 26º for hip adduction, 33.6º for ankle dorsiflexion, 38.6º for ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed, 36.7º for hip abduction, 46º for hip internal rotation, 60.6º for hip external rotation, 65.1º for hip abduction with the hip flexed, 66.3º for hip flexion with the knee extended, 119.7º for knee flexion, and 133.7º for hip flexion. The individual analysis of the flexibility values identified tightness in all players for one or more movement, except for hip abduction. A low prevalence of asymmetries was observed (range: 5.4% to 17.6% of players) depending on the ROM

Tres semanas de docencia virtual en la Universidad de Murcia (I): Experiencias en Medicina y Odontología

Presentamos un resumen de las actividades que algunos de los profesores de la Facultad de Medicina de Murcia han llevado a cabo durante las 3 semanas previas a las vacaciones de primavera. Durante este tiempo, debido a la pandemia provocada por la COVID-19, la docencia presencial tuvo que ser sustituída por actividades en línea o virtuales, a causa de la implantación del estado de alarma en España que motivó el cierre completo de las Universidades desde el 13 de marzo de 2020. Las experiencias son de Traumatología, Matemáticas, Medicina Legal, Medicina del Sistema Cardiovascular, Periodoncia y Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria

METODOLOGÍA Y FIABILIDAD DE LA MEDICIÓN DEL PERÍMETRO DE MUSLO

Hipótesis: Para describir la fiabilidad intra e interexploradora de la medición del perímetro del muslo, en función de la experiencia previa del explorador y la masa muscularde muslo. Para describir la distancia más fiable a la rótula para la medición, así como si es necesario tomar estas mediciones durante la contracción muscular activa y durantela relajación. Para establecerla distancia (en mm), desde donde podemos asegurarnos de que las diferencias obtenidas se deben a modificaciones en los verdaderos perímetros del muslo y no aun error de medición.Antecedentes: el perímetro del muslo es un parámetro fácil y rápido de medir durante la evaluación de la rodilla con el fin de identificar la atrofia muscular y la documentaciónde la asimetría. Ha sido ampliamente utilizada para cuantificar el progreso de rehabilitación después de una cirugía de rodilla y de ciertas patologías. Sin embargo,el procedimiento sistemático de medición del perímetro del muslo y la fiabilidad que no están claramente establecidas en la literatura. Material y método: Se midió el perímetro del muslo a 5, 10 y 15 cm de la rótula a 16 voluntarios (9 deportistas y 7 sedentarios), por 7 exploradores con diferente experiencia. Resultados: El 93% de las mediciones presentaba una fiabilidad intraobservador > 0.90. La medición de la fiabilidad por el coeficiente de correlación no es un índice adecuado, ya que coeficientes elevados presentan un excesivo rango de variación. Conclusión: Las medidas más fiables se obtienen a 10 cm del polo de la rótula. Las mediciones son más fiables en sedentarios que en deportistas y están sujetas al grado de experiencia del explorador

Age-related differences in flexibility in soccer players 8–19 years old

Background Muscle flexibility is a main component of health-related fitness and one of the basic components of fitness for the performance in some sports. Sport and health professionals require the flexibility profile of soccer to define quantitative aims in the training of flexibility. The aim of this study was to identify age-related differences in lower extremity flexibility in youth soccer players. Methods Seventy-two young male soccer players (age: 13.0 ± 3.1 y; body mass: 50.5 ± 15.3 kg; stature 158.2 ± 16.8 cm; BMI: 19.6 ± 2.6 kg/m2) completed this study. Measures of eleven passive hip (hip extension (HE), hip adduction with hip flexed 90°(HAD-HF90°), hip flexion with knee flexed (HF-KF) and extended (HF-KE), hip abduction with hip neutral (HAB) and hip flexed 90°(HAB-HF90°), hip external (HER) and internal (HIR) rotation), knee (knee flexion (KF)) and ankle dorsiflexion (ankle dorsiflexion with knee flexed (ADF-KF) and extended (ADF-KE)) ranges of motion (ROM) were taken. Descriptive statistics were calculated for hip, knee and ankle ROM measured separately by leg (dominant and non-dominant) and age-group (U10, U12, U14, U16 and U19). The data was analysed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine the interaction of 11 ROM in the different players’ age-group. Results Generally, U10 and/or U12 soccer players obtain the highest mean value in almost all ROM evaluated (U10: HAD-HF [39.6° ± 4.3°], ADF-KE [32.3° ± 4.1°], HER [63.5° ± 5.6°] and HAB-HF90°[64.1° ± 7.5°]; U12: HE [17.7° ± 6.2°], HAB [35.6° ± 3.0], HIR [60.8° ± 4.7°] and KF [133.8° ± 7.1°]). Nonetheless, significant differences between the players’ age-groups are just found in HAD-HF90°(p = .042; ES = .136), HAB (p = .001; ES = .252), HIR (p = .001; ES = .251), HER (p < .001; ES = .321) and HAB-HF90°(p < .001; ES = .376) ROM, showing a progressive and irregular decrease in these ROM until the U19 team. Conclusion The findings of this study reinforce the necessity of prescribing exercises aimed at improving HAD-HF90°  ROM in U16, HAB ROM in U14, HIR ROM in U16 and U19, HER ROM in U12 and U19, and HAB-HF90°  ROM in U16 and U19 players within everyday soccer training routines