REDUCTION OF REACTIVE POWER LOSSES IN THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION LINES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HARMONICS

The objective of this Final Year Project is to design and implement the real world problem as part of the preparation towardsthe future workingexperience in a specific area of Electrical Engineering field. Besides, this project is a requirement for the undergraduate students in order to complete their studies. The topic chosen for this project is "Reduction of Reactive Power Losses in the Radial Distribution Lines and its Relationship with Harmonics". The introduction part will elaborate the fundamental term and terminology of the topic. The project objective is to investigate the effectiveness of inserting capacitors to rectify the problem. Brief descriptions of the theory used are covered in the literature review. This report also states the methodology used during this project. The last part is the conclusion which describe the student's expectation from this project i

REDUCTION OF REACTIVE POWER LOSSES IN THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION LINES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH HARMONICS

The objective of this Final Year Project is to design and implement the real world problem as part of the preparation towardsthe future workingexperience in a specific area of Electrical Engineering field. Besides, this project is a requirement for the undergraduate students in order to complete their studies. The topic chosen for this project is "Reduction of Reactive Power Losses in the Radial Distribution Lines and its Relationship with Harmonics". The introduction part will elaborate the fundamental term and terminology of the topic. The project objective is to investigate the effectiveness of inserting capacitors to rectify the problem. Brief descriptions of the theory used are covered in the literature review. This report also states the methodology used during this project. The last part is the conclusion which describe the student's expectation from this project i

Spatial assessment of Langat river water quality using chemometrics

The present study deals with the assessment of Langat River water quality with some chemometrics approaches such as cluster and discriminant analysis coupled with an artificial neural network (ANN). The data used in this study were collected from seven monitoring stations under the river water quality monitoring program by the Department of Environment (DOE) from 1995 to 2002. Twenty three physico-chemical parameters were involved in this analysis. Cluster analysis successfully clustered the Langat River into three major clusters, namely high, moderate and less pollution regions. Discriminant analysis identified seven of the most significant parameters which contribute to the high variation of Langat River water quality, namely dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, chlorine, E. coli, and coliform. Discriminant analysis also plays an important role as an input selection parameter for an ANN of spatial prediction (pollution regions). The ANN showed better prediction performance in discriminating the regional area with an excellent percentage of correct classification compared to discriminant analysis. Multivariate analysis, coupled with ANN, is proposed, which could help in decision making and problem solving in the local environment

A pristine environment and water quality in perspective : Maliau Basin, Borneo's mysterious world.

The chemical characteristics of the surface water of Eucalyptus River, in Maliau Basin, were studied based on its major ion chemistry and its suitability for drinking, domestic use and irrigation. Water samples from the river were collected and analysed for pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, Na and K. Besides major elements, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Bi, Cd, Ba, Pb, As, Al, V, Se, Ag, Sr and Li were also determined in this study. The results show that the river water of the area reflects natural factors and is regarded as fresh water and suitable for drinking and domestic use. The calculated values of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Mg hazard and salinity hazard indicate that the river water is of high quality and suitable for agricultural and irrigation purposes. This study contributes baseline data for a pristine, forested environment for future reference

Simulation studies of vibration isolation using electromagnetic damper

This paper presents the review of electromagnetic damper as a vibration/isolation material. A bunch of articles about vibration and suspension system was reviewed and the key factors that contribute to electromagnetic damper was identified. Electromagnetic damper has been given special attention from many researchers and thus being among the important research area in vibration system. Vibration concept of electromagnetic damper has been elucidated by referring to several paper that demonstrate the usage of electromagnetic damper. Finite element magnetic method (FEMM) software has been used in order to identify the best configuration of geometry in the system. A simulation in Matlab was done by considering a quarter car model with a theoretical value from the Faraday’s Law equation involved in electromagnetic damper. The slotted and cylindrical geometry configurations have been simulated using FEMM and the result clearly shows that the slotted configuration has a better effect on the electromagnetic damper system

Physical, leaching, and toxicity characteristics of PG76 binder modified with Rediset

Asphalt binder, as one of pavement component is exposed to heat and rainfall. Polymer modified asphalt binder is a good alternative to withstand the weather in tropical countries. By utilizing warm mix asphalt additive, the high compacting and mixing temperature can be reduced. However, the impact to the environment and its characteristic towards high temperature need to be evaluated before putting it to use. In the study, the physical properties, thermal characteristics, and leaching and toxicity of PG76 incorporated with Rediset LQ were investigated. The Tank Leaching Test was carried out to mimic the worst scenario of flood event effect on the asphalt binder. The results of physical tests denote that the new material has relative consistency while the thermal analysis indicates that the materials are stable beyond their mixing and compaction temperature. The decomposition starts at temperature > 360°C and ends at temperature <500°C for all samples. The tank leaching test also found that the materials are safe to be used as pavement material because the heavy metal elements from the leachate are below the maximum allowable volume by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency

Physical leaching and toxicity characteristics of PG76 binder modified with rediset

Asphalt binder, as one of the pavement components, is exposed to heat and rainfall. Polymer modified asphalt binder is a good alternative to withstand the weather in tropical countries. By utilizing warm mix asphalt additive, the high compacting and mixing temperature can be reduced. However, the impact to the environment and its characteristic towards high temperature need to be evaluated before putting it to use. In this study, the physical properties, thermal characteristics, and leaching and toxicity of PG76 incorporated with Rediset LQ were investigated. The Tank Leaching Test was carried out to mimic the worst scenario of flood event effect on the asphalt binder. The results of physical tests denote that the new material has relative consistency, while the thermal analysis indicates that the materials are stable beyond their mixing and compaction temperature. The decomposition starts at temperature > 360°C and ends at temperature <500°C for all samples. The tank leaching test also found that the materials are safe to be used as pavement materials, because the heavy metal elements from the leachate are below the maximum allowable volume by the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency

Failure analysis of woven Kevlar/Epoxy under uniaxial tension

The increasing demand for newer materials with versatile properties such as high strength-to-weight ratio; has made fiber reinforced composite materials a favourable choice in various applications, particularly in the automotive, aerospace, marine, sports and defense industries. Moreover, the properties of a composite material could be tailored for specific functions or applications. Despite its many attractive features, composite material fails in a complex manner involving matrix failure, fiber failure and delamination. This failure behaviour needs to be well established. The objective of this study is to perform failure analysis on a woven Kevlar/Epoxy composite laminate subjected to uniaxial tension and establish its failure trend. The lamination sequence is (θ4/θ4/-θ4)S where the angle, θ, ranges from 0° to 90°. The failure analysis was carried out using a commercial finite element software, Ansys and comparisons were made using analytical methods (Matlab). The values of stresses were computed and Maximum Stress Theory was employed to check for failure. The trend of failure, in terms of the failure curves (normalized first ply failure and last ply failure loads), for woven Kevlar/Epoxy was established. This study had produced new failure datas for woven Kevlar/Epoxy and thus, contributes significant knowledge about the failure behaviour of composite materials

Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to &lt; 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of &amp; GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P &lt; 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo