INCIDENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: LOCAL STUDY IN UKRAINE

Introduction.The structure of incidence of sexually transmitted infections is changing constantly. Information on such changes supports correct planning of clinical and diagnostic activities of institutions providing specialized medical care by qualified specialists.Objective:to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with pathogens clinically significant to the genitourinary system in Ukraine and at the local level.Materials and methods. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test the biological material obtained from the genitourinary clinical specimens from subjects with sexually transmitted infections, who underwent clinical and laboratory examinations in Oleksandrivsk Clinical Hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Human papillomavirus, and Neisseria gonorrhoea. During 2017, 607 subjects of both genders, including 295 (48.6%) females and 312 (51.4%) males, were examined. Their mean age was 32±3.5.Findings. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 159 (26.2%) of 607 examined subjects – 85 males and 74 females. Mycoplasma hominis was found in 122 of 585 (21.1%) examined subjects – 64 males and 58 females. Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively, in 17 (6.62%) of 258 subjects – 6 males and 11 females. Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in the largest number of subjects (305, i.e. in 48.77% of 601 examined subjects) – 157 males and 148 females. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 28 (5.23%) of 535 subjects – 15 males and 13 females. Human papillomavirus was found in 158 of 297 (53.2%) examined subjects – 88 males and 70 females. Neisseria gonorrhea was found in 33 of 297 (8.45%) subjects – 8 males and 25 females.Conclusions. As suggested by the local study of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in Ukraine, the most clinically significant for the genitourinary system are Human papillomavirus (53.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (48.77%), Chlamydia trachomatis (26.2%) and Mycoplasma hominis (21.1%). Therefore, tests for these pathogens in the specified region is currently the most appropriate during diagnostic examinations and counselling of subjects with genitourinary infections.Introduction.The structure of incidence of sexually transmitted infections is changing constantly. Information on such changes supports correct planning of clinical and diagnostic activities of institutions providing specialized medical care by qualified specialists.Objective:to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with pathogens clinically significant to the genitourinary system in Ukraine and at the local level.Materials and methods. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test the biological material obtained from the genitourinary clinical specimens from subjects with sexually transmitted infections, who underwent clinical and laboratory examinations in Oleksandrivsk Clinical Hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Human papillomavirus, and Neisseria gonorrhoea. During 2017, 607 subjects of both genders, including 295 (48.6%) females and 312 (51.4%) males, were examined. Their mean age was 32±3.5.Findings. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 159 (26.2%) of 607 examined subjects – 85 males and 74 females. Mycoplasma hominis was found in 122 of 585 (21.1%) examined subjects – 64 males and 58 females. Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively, in 17 (6.62%) of 258 subjects – 6 males and 11 females. Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in the largest number of subjects (305, i.e. in 48.77% of 601 examined subjects) – 157 males and 148 females. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 28 (5.23%) of 535 subjects – 15 males and 13 females. Human papillomavirus was found in 158 of 297 (53.2%) examined subjects – 88 males and 70 females. Neisseria gonorrhea was found in 33 of 297 (8.45%) subjects – 8 males and 25 females.Conclusions. As suggested by the local study of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in Ukraine, the most clinically significant for the genitourinary system are Human papillomavirus (53.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (48.77%), Chlamydia trachomatis (26.2%) and Mycoplasma hominis (21.1%). Therefore, tests for these pathogens in the specified region is currently the most appropriate during diagnostic examinations and counselling of subjects with genitourinary infections

НОВІТНІ МЕТОДИ СТРИМУВАННЯ ІНФЕКЦІЙ, ЩО ПЕРЕДАЮТЬСЯ СТАТЕВИМ ШЛЯХОМ

Every day, more than 1 million people are infected with sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which constitute a significant part of human morbidity and increase the risk of acquiring human immuno­deficiency virus (HIV). Existing strategies for controlling and preventing STIs, including behavioral interventions, condom distribution and timely treatment, did not result in a significant reduction, indicating the need for new strategies. The aim of this review is to synthesize new biomedical approaches to STI prevention, including multi-purpose technologies, as well as to identify the scientific and organizational obstacles that need to be addressed. For the period from 1990 to 2018, the results of their own researches, articles found in the PubMed database, UNAIDS global reports (UNAIDS), the United Nations AIDS Action Agencies, country reports, World Health Organization (WHO) materials, were analyzed. A systematic analysis of clinical studies of female condoms, local gel-based microbicides, vaginal rings, tablets, films and nanofibers was conducted. The state of chemical prophylaxis of genital herpes, trichomonas was analyzed. The principles of multi-purpose prevention technology (MPT) and prospects of research was presented. Conclusion. HIV and other STIs are part of global health crises. At the present time, new MPT are being developed for protection against HIV and STIs, taking into account mechanisms of infection, cultural and social factors.Кожен день більше 1 млн осіб заражаються на інфекції, що передаються статевим шляхом (ІПСШ), які становлять значну частину захворюваності людства, а також підвищують ризик придбання вірусу імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ). Існуючі стратегії профілактики та запобігання ІПСШ, включаючи зміну поведінки, розповсюдження презервативів і своєчасну терапію, не привели до їх суттєвого скорочення, що вказує на необхідність пошуку нових стратегій. Мета цього огляду – узагальнити нові біомедичні підходи до профілактики ІПСШ, включаючи багатоцільові технології, а також виявити наукові та організаційні перешкоди, які необхідно подолати. Матеріали і методи. За період 1990-2018 рр. аналізувалися результати власних досліджень, статті, знайдені в базі даних PubMed, глобальні звіти UNAIDS (ЮНЕЙДС) – агентства об’єднаних націй з боротьби зі СНІДом, звіти окремих країн, матеріали Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я (ВООЗ). Результати. Проведено систематичний аналіз клінічних досліджень жіночих презервативів, місцевих мікробіцидів на основі гелю, вагінальних кілець, таблеток, плівок та нановолокон. Проаналізовано стан хімічної профілактики генітального герпесу, трихомонозу. Наведено принципи багатоцільової технології профілактики (БТП) та перспективи досліджень. Висновок. ВІЛ та інші ІПСШ є частиною глобальної кризи охорони здоров’я. В даний час розробляються нові БТП для захисту від ВІЛ й ІПСШ з урахуванням механізмів зараження та культурних і соціальних чинників

Tuberculosis-HIV Co-infection in Kiev City, Ukraine

In 2004, we tested all patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) for HIV in Kiev City. The results were compared to information from medical records of 2002, when co-infection prevalence was 6.3%. Of 968 TB patients, 98 (10.1%) were HIV infected. TB-HIV co-infection is increasing, especially in injecting drug users