Specific In Vivo Staining of Astrocytes in the Whole Brain after Intravenous Injection of Sulforhodamine Dyes

Fluorescent staining of astrocytes without damaging or interfering with normal brain functions is essential for intravital microscopy studies. Current methods involved either transgenic mice or local intracerebral injection of sulforhodamine 101. Transgenic rat models rarely exist, and in mice, a backcross with GFAP transgenic mice may be difficult. Local injections of fluorescent dyes are invasive. Here, we propose a non-invasive, specific and ubiquitous method to stain astrocytes in vivo. This method is based on iv injection of sulforhodamine dyes and is applicable on rats and mice from postnatal age to adulthood. The astrocytes staining obtained after iv injection was maintained for nearly half a day and showed no adverse reaction on astrocytic calcium signals or electroencephalographic recordings in vivo. The high contrast of the staining facilitates the image processing and allows to quantify 3D morphological parameters of the astrocytes and to characterize their network. Our method may become a reference for in vivo staining of the whole astrocytes population in animal models of neurological disorders

Exposé sur la systématique des poissons

La classification telle que allons l'exposer est tirée de la systématique moderne actuellement appliquée en France. Cette classification fait des poissons, aux sens strict, une super classe qui exclut les Agnathes. Ceux-ci, considérés comme un sous embranchement, comprennent la classe des Cyclostomes (lamproies)

Impact de la ride 90E et du flux crustal Est-Tibétain sur l'évolution récente de la subduction oblique Indo-Birmane (approche géologique, sismique et géodésique)

Cette étude pluridisciplinaire, basée sur des données sismiques, géologiques et géodésiques explore les possibles effets d'anomalies crustales sur l'évolution récente de la subduction oblique Indo-Birmane. Nous avons montré que la ride de 90E, une ride volcanique de point chaud, s'étend vers le Nord Jusqu'à 20N le long de la marge active birmane. Ce relief crustal a probablement bloque la subduction au Sud où seul un décrochement dextre le long du flanc Est de la ride a pu être observé. Plus au Nord, la ride s'atténuant, le prisme Indo-Birman se développe rapidement vers l'Ouest à la faveur de la forte épaisseur sédimentaire du delta du Brahmapoutre. La zone de subduction Indo-Birmane est aussi située dans la zone d'influence du flux crustal Est-Tibétain résultant de l'effondrement gravitaire du Tibet. Cette force supplémentaire venant de l'Est est peut être responsable de l'infléchissement vers l'Ouest de la plaque birmane et a pu faciliter le processus de subduction Indo-Birman.AIX-MARSEILLE3-BU Sc.St Jérô (130552102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Structure and kinematics of the Indo-Burmese Wedge: Recent and fast growth of the outer wedge

The northern Sunda subduction zone, offshore Burma, and the associated Indo-Burmese Wedge mark the active eastern boundary of the Burma Platelet jammed between the India Plate and the Sunda Plate. The aim of this paper is to provide a structural and kinematics analysis of the Indo-Burmese Wedge based on seismic reflection, geodetic, and geological field data. We found out that the Indo- Burmese Wedge is the place of diffuse strain partitioning: right-lateral shearing in the innermost part and E-W shortening in the outermost part. In the outer wedge, thick-skinned deformation overprints thin-skinned deformation. It can be explained by the required preservation of the critical taper after the fast westward propagation of the outer wedge above a very efficient clayey decollement layer. The thick-skinned deformation is here characterized by major right-lateral strike-slip faults ( the Kaladan Fault and the Chittagong Coastal Fault) and yet a typical internal deformation of the Indo-Burmese Wedge. We suggest that the westward migration of internal right-lateral shear deformation allows preservation of the strain-partitioning ratios between internal N-S trending right-lateral shearing and external E-W shortening. Some seismic lines show that the outer wedge deformation is not older than 2 Ma. Its propagation could have been enhanced by the large amount of sediments filling up the Sylhet flexural basin formed after the Pliocene tectonic uplift of the Shillong Plateau

Combined effects of Eurasia/Sunda oblique convergence and East-Tibetan crustal flow on the active tectonics of Burma

International audienceIt is widely accepted that deformation of the India/Sunda plate is the result of partitioned hyper oblique convergence. Presently, sub-meridian dextral strike slip faulting accommodates this India/Sunda motion in a buffer zone, the Burma platelet. This wide dextral strike slip shear zone is complicated by the side effect of the Tibet plateau collapse that can be described in term of crustal flow and gravity tectonics. The loss of potential energy related to this plateau collapse affects most of the Burmese platelet particularly in its northernmost part. Interaction of these two distinct geodynamic processes is recorded in the GPS based regional strain field, the analysis of seismic focal mechanism but also from direct geologic observations both onshore and offshore Myanmar and Bangladesh. We propose the apparent E-W shortening component of this so called partitioned hyper-oblique subduction is only the effect of regional gravitational forces related to the Tibet plateau collapse whereas the NS strike slip faulting accommodates the India/Sunda motion