Pengaruh Pembelajaran Open-ended Dan Konstruktivis Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Motivasi Belajar Siswa

The aim of this study is to determine: (1). Which one gives better mathematics learning achievement, learning with Open-ended or Constructivist, (2). Which one gives better mathematics learning achievement, high, medium or low learning motivation, (3). Which one gives better mathematics learning achievement, learning with Open-ended or Constructivist on each learning motivation of high, medium, or low category. This research is a quasi experimental study with 23 research design. The population of this research is all students on eleven grade of Senior High School. The sampling technique was conducted by stratified cluster random sampling. The samples are the students of SMA N 1 Boyolali, SMA N 3 Boyolali, and SMA N 1 Teras. The instruments which used for data collection are learning achievement tests and student learning motivation questionnaire. The data analysis technique use two-way variance of analysis with unequal cells. The conclusion of the research were drawn as follows: (1) The students with Open-ended learning have mathematics learning achievement better than Constructivist learning, (2). The students with high or medium learning motivation have mathematics learning achievement better than low learning motivation. On the other hand, high learning motivation have mathematics learning achievement better than medium learning motivation, (3). Open-ended learning provides same mathematics learning achievement with constructivist learning on high, medium and low learning motivation

Evaluasi Dimensi Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerahdokter Rubini Mempawah

Air limbah rumah sakit merupakan limbah yang bersifat infeksius, yang harus diolah dengan baik. Rumah Sakit dr. Rubini merupakan rumah sakit satu-satunya yang ada di Kota Mempawah. Rumah sakit ini memiliki IPAL yang dibangun pada tahun 2006, namun kualitas hasil olahan masih berada diatas ambang baku mutu berdasarkan KepMen LH No. Kep-58/MENLH/12/1995 sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi pada IPAL tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui permasalahan yang ada di IPAL Rumah Sakit dr. Rubini Mempawah, mengevaluasi dimensi unit-unit pengolahan dan memberikan rekomendasi. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi identifikasi masalah, pengumulan data, pengambilan sampel air limbah dengan metode grab sample, analisa data, evaluasi dan rencana perbaikan IPAL. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan hasil perhitungan berdasarkan kriteria disain. Dari hasil evaluasi maka perlu dilakukan perancangan perbaikan untuk unit pengurai anaerob dan unit up flow filter karena berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dimensi kedua unit ini rasio dengan waktu detensi tidak memenuhi kriteria disain. Perancangan kembali unit pengurai anaerob dengan dimensi P = 3,5 m, L = 3,5 m, T = 3 m, dan unit up flow filter dengan dimensi P = 21,16 m, L = 4 m, T = 2 m. Dengan rancangan ini diharapkan hasil olahan memenuhi standar baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan

Molecular Evolution of Four Salivary Proteins within Species of the Anopheles gambiae Complex

Some of the primary vectors of human malaria include female mosquitoes from the Anopheles gambiae complex, which is comprised of at least six different species within the genus Anopheles, including A. gambiae (M/S forms), A. arabiensis, A. melas, A. bwambae, A. merus, and A. quadriannulatus. Salivary gland proteins within the Anopheles gambiae complex interact with a vertebrate host’s immune system by controlling vasodilatation, inflammation, and platelet aggregation at the feeding site on the vertebrate host. The way certain salivary proteins are expressed within different mosquito species has been studied, but there is still a need for a comparison between species of close proximity, such as those in the A. gambiae complex. This comparison could reveal genes that may interact with a host’s immune system or with malaria parasites and hence may be under selection. Such genes may have crucial roles in the adaptation to specific hosts. For example, an excess of non-synonymous fixed differences in the gene would mean directional or positive selection, which may have resulted from interaction with various hosts. To gain further insight into 4 specific salivary gland proteins (Anophelin, Ichit, Glycosidase, and Lysozyme), their patterns of polymorphism were analyzed in 3 species of the An. gambiae complex (Anopheles gambiae M and S forms, Anopheles melas, and Anopheles arabiensis). After analyzing these genes using several statistical tests, the comparison showed that three of the four genes, Anophelin, Ichit, and Glycosidase are highly conserved with no signs of positive selection or fixed differences between A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. melas species. Further research exploring the genetic variation of other salivary proteins within the A. gambiae complex may identify proteins that are undergoing positive selection. This could locate genes involved in vector competence, either preventing or enhancing disease transmission in Anopheles mosquitoes

The Effect of Silvy Pastural Systems on Carrying Capacity and Soil Property of Grass Land

This experiment was the last activity of soil-crop management experiment to improve quantity and quality of fodder of grass land. This experiment has been carried out since 1994/1995 cropping season in Selengen Village, Lombok 8arat District, West Nusa Tenggara. In 1998/1999 the observation was focused on carrying capacity and soil properties. Feeding through grazing and cut and carry was applied to measure the carrying capacity. The experiment used randomized complete block design and the treatments were arranged to split split plot design replicated four times. The main-plot treatments were (1) with wind breaker and (2) without wind breaker. The sub-plot treatments were four combinations of native grass land, introduced grass, and introduced legume: (A) native grass land, (B) native grass land + Paspalum sp.,(C) native grass land + Arachis gambrara, and (D) native grass land + Paspalum sp. + Arachis gambrara. The sub-sub-plot treatments were (a) grazing and (b) cut and carry. Furthermore the combination between treatments with wind breaker (1) and native grass land +Paspalum sp. +Arachis gambrata (D) was called silvy-pasture system, while the combination between treatments without wind breaker (2) and native grass land (A) was named native grass land. The results indicated that the highest fresh fodder production and carrying capacity both for the first and second harvesting were shown by the silvy-pasture system. The yields were 35.01 and 28.47 t/ha for the first and second harvesting, respectively. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of the first harvesting using grazing and cut and carry were 1.47 and 1.75 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weights were 0.46 and 0.29 kg/day, respectively. For the second harvesting, the carrying capacities were 1.10 and 1.16 cattle/ha/year with increasing life weight about 0.28 kg/day, respectively. Introduction of Paspalum sp. and Arachis gambrata significantly improved carrying capacity of native grass land

The orbital motion of the Quintuplet cluster - a common origin for the Arches and Quintuplet clusters?

We investigate the orbital motion of the Quintuplet cluster near the Galactic center with the aim of constraining formation scenarios of young, massive star clusters in nuclear environments. Three epochs of adaptive optics high-angular resolution imaging with Keck/NIRC2 and VLT/NACO were obtained over a time baseline of 5.8 years, delivering an astrometric accuracy of 0.5-1 mas/yr. Proper motions were derived in the cluster reference frame and were used to distinguish cluster members from the majority of field stars. Fitting the cluster and field proper motion distributions with 2D gaussian models, we derive the orbital motion of the cluster for the first time. The Quintuplet is moving with a 2D velocity of 132 +/- 15 km/s with respect to the field along the Galactic plane, which yields a 3D orbital velocity of 167 +/- 15 km/s when combined with the previously known radial velocity. From a sample of 119 stars measured in three epochs, we derive an upper limit to the velocity dispersion in the core of the Quintuplet cluster of sigma_1D < 10 km/s. Knowledge of the three velocity components of the Quintuplet allows us to model the cluster orbit in the potential of the inner Galaxy. Comparing the Quintuplet's orbit with the Arches orbit, we discuss the possibility that both clusters originated in the same area of the central molecular zone. [abridged]Comment: 40 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Fitoplankton (Tetraselmis SP., Porphyridium SP. Dan Chaetoceros SP.) Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Zooplankton Diaphanosoma SP. Pada Skala Laboratorium

Fitoplankton dan zooplankton merupakan salah satu pakan alami. Pakan alami yang banyak digunakan untuk pembenihan adalah ordo Cladocera, jenis Diaphanosoma sp. Cladocera adalah kelompok yang paling sering digunakan mengingat ukurannya yang kecil, perkembangan cepat, budidaya mudah, kerentanan terhadap predasi, kandungan enzim dan nutrisi yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pakan fitoplankton (Tetraselmis sp., Porphyridium sp. dan Chaetoceros sp.) terhadap kepadatan populasi dan laju pertumbuhan Diaphanosoma sp. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan menggunakan tiga jenis pakan fitoplankton yaitu Tetraselmis sp., Porphyridium sp. dan Chaetoceros sp. Hasil analisis ragam (ANOVA) terhadap kepadatan populasi dan laju pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh antar perlakuan. Uji lanjut menggunakan BNT menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan Tetraselmis sp. memberikan pengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi dan laju pertumbuhan Diaphanosoma sp. paling baik dengan kepadatan maksimum 608 ind/liter, sedangkan laju pertumbuhan 61 ind/liter/hari

Keragaman Serangga Penyerbuk pada Pertanaman Strawbery yang Diselingi dengan Tanaman Borreria Laevicaulis

The productivity of strawberry (Fragaria sp.) depends on the presence of pollinator insects that need nectar or pollen as their food. The diversity and the population size of pollinator insects can be increased by the companion planting of Borreria laevicaulis among the strawberry. This research aimed to determine the diversity of pollinator insects of strawberry plantation companion by B. laevicaulis and to determine the relationship between the diversity of pollinator insects with the strawberry fruit produced. This research was conducted in the strawberry plantation of Serang Village, of the District Karangreja, Purbalingga, from June to August 2012. The research was designed to determine the effect of companion planting of B. laevicaulis at the 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the total individuals of strawberry. The results showed that the companion planting of B. laevicaulis in the strawberry field did not affect the species diversity of pollinator insects. But the B. laevicaulis companion planting affected the amount of strawberry yielded. The maximum yield was obtained by planting B. laevicaulis at the 10% of the strawberry individuals; it was increased by 76.12% of the control without companion planting