Team dynamics in emergency surgery teams: results from a first international survey

Background: Emergency surgery represents a unique context. Trauma teams are often multidisciplinary and need to operate under extreme stress and time constraints, sometimes with no awareness of the trauma\u2019s causes or the patient\u2019s personal and clinical information. In this perspective, the dynamics of how trauma teams function is fundamental to ensuring the best performance and outcomes. Methods: An online survey was conducted among the World Society of Emergency Surgery members in early 2021. 402 fully filled questionnaires on the topics of knowledge translation dynamics and tools, non-technical skills, and difficulties in teamwork were collected. Data were analyzed using the software R, and reported following the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). Results: Findings highlight how several surgeons are still unsure about the meaning and potential of knowledge translation and its mechanisms. Tools like training, clinical guidelines, and non-technical skills are recognized and used in clinical practice. Others, like patients\u2019 and stakeholders\u2019 engagement, are hardly implemented, despite their increasing importance in the modern healthcare scenario. Several difficulties in working as a team are described, including the lack of time, communication, training, trust, and ego. Discussion: Scientific societies should take the lead in offering training and support about the abovementioned topics. Dedicated educational initiatives, practical cases and experiences, workshops and symposia may allow mitigating the difficulties highlighted by the survey\u2019s participants, boosting the performance of emergency teams. Additional investigation of the survey results and its characteristics may lead to more further specific suggestions and potential solutions

Development of a TiO 2 nanotube photoanode decorated with MIL-53(Fe) for the photoelectrochemical degradation of 2,4-dimethylaniline

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Fe exhibit great potential as highly effective photocatalysts for water treatment applications. TiO2 nanotube photoanodes decorated with 170–370 μg cm−2 of MIL-53(Fe) and Fe-MOF (i.e., melamine-modified MIL-53(Fe)) were synthesized and evaluated in the photoassisted electrochemical degradation of 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) under visible light irradiation. The morphological, optical, and electrochemical properties of the photoanodes were evaluated by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, PL, XRD, DRS, zeta potential, linear voltammetry, EIS, and Mott-Schottky technique, respectively. The absorption band of the carboxyl groups coordinated to the iron centers is observed by FTIR at 1550 cm−1, whereas a peak at 538 cm−1 is related the formation of metal-oxo bonds between the carboxylic group of terephthalic acid and Fe3+. The modification of MIL-53(Fe) through the insertion of melamine led to a reduction in the formed nanoparticles. The photoelectrochemical activity of MIL-53(Fe) at pH 3.0 was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) experimental plan, with H2O2 concentration, applied anode potential (Ean) and reaction time as variables under study. Upon addition of 10 mg L−1 H2O2, a degradation of 74.4% of 2,4-DMA was achieved at Ean = 1.0 V after 110 min, outperforming the 57% reached using an unmodified TiO2 nanotube photoanode. Further modification of the MIL-53(Fe) with melamine allowed obtaining an almost total degradation. A plausible degradation pathway for 2,4-DMA is discussed from NMR and HPLC-MS/MS results. This work demonstrates the promising photoelectrocatalytic activity of TiO2 photoanodes decorated with Fe-based MOFs

Rótulos de alimentos infantis: alguns aspectos das práticas de marketing no Brasil

Foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo da avaliar como as indústrias tem se adaptado à Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes no que diz respeito à rotulagem e embalagem de seus produtos. Em 32 cidades de 13 estados brasileiros no período de 1995 a 1996, cerca de 125 produtos compreendendo mamadeiras, bicos, chupetas, alimentos infantis, fórmulas e leites fluidos foram analisados. Observou-se alguma tentativa de adequação à Norma, comparado a avaliações similares realizadas anteriormente. No entanto, diversos produtos permaneceram com rótulos em desacordo com as regras em todos os tipos estudados, destacando-se o caso de mamadeiras e chupetas. Nos produtos onde se exige "advertência", as vezes estas são observadas, mas precisam ser revistas devido ao não destaque que elas recebem. Monitoramentos como este devem ser periódicos para que os órgãos fiscalizadores da vigilância Sanitária recebam subsídios para um trabalho continuado e necessário de proteção contra o marketing inapropriado de substitutos do leite materno

Uso de chupeta em crianças: contaminação fecal e associação com diarréia The use of pacifiers by children: fecal contammination and the association with diarrhoea

Inexistem na literatura estudos sobre o possível papel das chupetas na transmissão da diarréia. Realizou-se um estudo transversal em 354 crianças menores de dois anos em duas vilas da periferia urbana de Pelotas, RS, Brasil, com precárias condições socioeconómicas. A maioria das crianças (79%) usava chupeta, 15% nunca as haviam utilizado e 6% já haviam abandonado o hábito. Dentre os usuários, 38% passavam a maior parte do tempo fazendo uso da chupeta (uso intenso). Foram realizadas culturas para coliformes fecais em 93% das chupetas em uso, indicando que 49% estavam contaminadas. Nas duas semanas anteriores à entrevista, 35% das crianças apresentaram diarréia - 40% entre as de uso intenso, 32% entre usuárias em tempo parcial e 37% entre não usuárias. Apesar da forte presença de coliformes fecais, parece não existir associação entre uso de chupeta e diarréia.<br>A cross-sectional study of 354 children under two years of age was carried out in two periurban slums, with poor sanitary and socioeconomic conditions, located in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Most (79%) of the children studied were current users of pacifiers, 15% had never used one and the remaining 6% were ex-users. Among current users, 38% sucked a pacifier most of the time ("constant users"). Of the pacifiers in constant use, 93% were cultured for evidence of fecal contamination. Fecal coliforms were present in 49% of these. Diarrhoea was reported in 35% of all the children in the two weeks preceding the survey. Among constant pacifiers users, 40% had had diarrhoea in the preceding fortnight; this proportion was 32% for occasional users and 37% for non-users. These diferences were not statistically significant