3,697 research outputs found
Give Peace a Chance: How Considering Peace Process Obligations Would have Improved the Rulings of the International Court of Justice and the Israeli Supreme Court on the Israeli Security Barrier
Stable self-similar blow-up dynamics for slightly -supercritical generalized KdV equations
In this paper we consider the slightly -supercritical gKdV equations
, with the nonlinearity
and . We will prove the existence and
stability of a blow-up dynamic with self-similar blow-up rate in the energy
space and give a specific description of the formation of the singularity
near the blow-up time.Comment: 38 page
Dynamics of a hyperbolic system that applies at the onset of the oscillatory instability
A real hyperbolic system is considered that applies near the onset of the oscillatory instability in large spatial domains. The validity of that system requires that some intermediate scales (large compared with the basic wavelength of the unstable modes but small compared with the size of the system) remain inhibited; that condition is analysed in some detail. The dynamics associated with the hyperbolic system is fully analysed to conclude that it is very simple if the coefficient of the cross-nonlinearity is such that , while the system exhibits increasing complexity (including period-doubling sequences, quasiperiodic transitions, crises) as the bifurcation parameter grows if ; if then the system behaves subcritically. Our results are seen to compare well, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with the experimentally obtained ones for the oscillatory instability of straight rolls in pure Rayleigh - Bénard convection
GePEToS : A Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation package for Positron Emission Tomography
GePEToS is a simulation framework developed over the last few years for
assessing the instrumental performance of future PET scanners. It is based on
Geant4, written in Object-Oriented C++ and runs on Linux platforms. The
validity of GePEToS has been tested on the well-known Siemens ECAT EXACT HR+
camera. The results of two application examples are presented : the design
optimization of a liquid Xe micro-PET camera dedicated to small animal imaging
as well as the evaluation of the effect of a strong axial magnetic field on the
image resolution of a Concorde P4 micro-PET camera.Comment: 5 pages, 12 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Nuclear
Scienc
Experimental study of a liquid Xenon PET prototype module
A detector using liquid Xenon in the scintillation mode is studied for
Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The specific design aims at taking full
advantage of the liquid Xenon properties. It does feature a promising
insensitive to any parallax effect. This work reports on the performances of
the first LXe prototype module, equipped with a position sensitive PMT
operating in the VUV range (178 nm).Comment: Proc. of the 7th International Workshops on Radiation Imaging
Detectors (IWORID-7), Grenoble, France 4-7 July 200
A low power 12-bit and 25-MS/s pipelined ADC for the ILC/Ecal integrated readout
International audienc
Light Propagation in Inhomogeneous Universes. IV. Strong Lensing and Environmental Effects
We study the gravitational lensing of high-redshift sources in a LCDM
universe. We have performed a series of ray-tracing experiments, and selected a
subsample of cases of strong lensing (multiple images, arcs, and Einstein
rings). For each case, we identify a massive galaxy that is primarily
responsible for lensing, and studied how the various density inhomogeneities
along the line of sight (other galaxies, background matter) affect the
properties of the image. The matter located near the lensing galaxy, and
physically associated with it, has a small effect. The background matter
increases the magnification by a few percents at most, while nearby galaxies
can increase it by up to about 10 percent. The effect on the image separation
is even smaller. The only significant effect results from the random alignment
of physically unassociated galaxies, which can increase the magnification by
factors of several, create additional images, and turn arcs into rings. We
conclude that the effect of environment on strong lensing in negligible in
general, and might be important only in rare cases. We show that our conclusion
does not depend on the radial density profile of the galaxies responsible for
lensing.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures (one in color). Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journal. Minor typos correcte
Anthropic Explanation of the Dark Matter Abundance
I use Bousso's causal diamond measure to make a statistical prediction for
the dark matter abundance, assuming an axion with a large decay constant f_a >>
10^{12} GeV. Using a crude approximation for observer formation, the prediction
agrees well with observation: 30% of observers form in regions with less dark
matter than we observe, while 70% of observers form in regions with more dark
matter. Large values of the dark matter ratio are disfavored by an elementary
effect: increasing the amount of dark matter while holding fixed the baryon to
photon ratio decreases the number of baryons inside one horizon volume. Thus
the prediction is rather insensitive to assumptions about observer formation in
universes with much more dark matter than our own. The key assumption is that
the number of observers per baryon is roughly independent of the dark matter
ratio for ratios near the observed value.Comment: 10 pages; v3: published version, references adde
Altitude Reconstitution of a Small Scientific Satellite using a Limited Set of On-Board Sensors
The ALEXIS spacecraft carries a limited set of attitude instruments on board. The scientific mission of ALEXIS requires after the fact knowledge of the spacecraft attitude at all times. Reconstitution of the attitude is performed as one of the permanent tasks of the microcomputer based ground station. ALEXIS carries a fine sun-sensor, an Infrared horizon crossing indicator and a magnetometer. Because of the orbital and attitude configurations horizon and sun will not be observed during sizable fractions of some orbits. The attitude will be estimated at all times by an extended fitter making use of whatever data is available. The state vector includes disturbance and misalignment terms. Fiber initialization uses the first available set of valid data from sun sensor and magnetometer, for a deterministic fix insuring rapid convergence. Magnetic field measurements provide a ceiling to the possible errors when the optical sensors are not operating, and can be used as back up. Detailed simulations of the filter were run to assess its performance. The simulations include major disturbance torques, misalignments, and earth oblateness effects. They show that the filter maintains knowledge of the attitude well within the mission data requirements. As a result, with a minimal amount of low cost instrumentation, without a star tracker on board, ALEXIS attitude and rates can be reconstituted for all times from a simple microcomputer based ground station. This illustrates a practical trade-off between hardware and software
Nondispersive solutions to the L2-critical half-wave equation
We consider the focusing -critical half-wave equation in one space
dimension where denotes the
first-order fractional derivative. Standard arguments show that there is a
critical threshold such that all solutions with extend globally in time, while solutions with may develop singularities in finite time.
In this paper, we first prove the existence of a family of traveling waves
with subcritical arbitrarily small mass. We then give a second example of
nondispersive dynamics and show the existence of finite-time blowup solutions
with minimal mass . More precisely, we construct a
family of minimal mass blowup solutions that are parametrized by the energy
and the linear momentum . In particular, our main result
(and its proof) can be seen as a model scenario of minimal mass blowup for
-critical nonlinear PDE with nonlocal dispersion.Comment: 51 page
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