Simple permutations with order 4n+24n + 2. Part I

The problem of genealogy of permutations has been solved partially by Stefan (odd order) and Acosta-Hum\'anez & Bernhardt (power of two). It is well known that Sharkovskii's theorem shows the relationship between the cardinal of the set of periodic points of a continuous map, but simple permutations will show the behavior of those periodic points. This paper studies the structure of permutations of mixed order $4n+2$, its properties and a way to describe its genealogy by using Pasting and Reversing.Comment: 17 page

Synthesis, thermal behavior, and aggregation in aqueous solution of poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)

Indexación: ScieloABSTRACT Amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA and poly(2-hidroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA were synthesized by a two-step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Copolymers with various degrees of polymerization and different relative block sizes were obtained. The structure of the resulting polymers have been characterized and verified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR, molecular weight were determined by size exclusion chromatography analyses. The thermal properties of these polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry DSC and thermogravimetric analysis TGA. The glass transition temperature of mono halogenated PMMA increases from 116 °C to 123 °C with increasing molecular weight, whereas the glass transition temperature of block copolymers depends slightly on polymer structure. The derivatives of TGA curves indicate that thermal degradation occurs in one stage. The self-assembly of PMMA-b-PHEMA in aqueous solution have been investigated by fluorescence probing methods. The critical micelle concentrations are in the range 10-6 - 10-7 M. The micropolarity sensed by pyrene is higher than in aggregates formed by block copolymers based on polystyrene. Keywords: Block copolymers, glass transition temperature, thermogravimetric analysis, critical micelle concentration, fluorescence probing methods

Effect of the number of vortices on the torque scaling in Taylor-Couette flow

Torque measurements in Taylor-Couette flow, with large radius ratio and large aspect ratio, over a range of velocities up to a Reynolds number of 24 000 are presented. Following a specific procedure, nine states with distinct number of vortices along the axis were found and the aspect ratio of the vortices were measured. The relationship between the speed and the torque for a given number of vortices is reported. In the turbulent Taylor vortex flow regime, at relatively high Reynolds number, a change in behaviour is observed corresponding to intersections of the torque-speed curves for different states. Before each intersection, the torque for a state with larger number of vortices is higher. After each intersection, the torque for a state with larger number of vortices is lower. The exponent, from the scaling laws of the torque, always depends on the aspect ratio of the vortices. When the Reynolds number is rescaled using the mean aspect ratio of the vortices, only a partial collapse of the exponent data is found.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Assessing the identity of the variety "Pedro Giménez" grown in Argentina through the use of microsatellite markers.

'Pedro Giménez' es una variedad criolla blanca cultivada en Argentina, principalmente en las provincias de Mendoza y San Juan, siendo la variedad con la mayor superficie entre las uvas blancas de vinificación. Su origen es desconocido, como también su relación con la variedad española 'Pedro Ximénez', cultivada especialmente en la región de Jerez, España. En trabajos previos se ha probado que la mayoría de las variedades criollas existentes en América se habrían originado del cruzamiento de 'Moscatel de Alejandría' x 'Criolla Chica'. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos comparar las variedades 'Pedro Giménez' y 'Pedro Ximénez', y establecer relaciones de parentesco con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y 'Criolla Chica'. Se utilizaron 18 loci microsatélites nucleares y 3 loci microsatélites de cloroplasto. 'Pedro Giménez' compartió sólo el 38% de los alelos con 'Pedro Ximénez', por lo que se pudo inferir que se trata de variedades diferentes. En todos los loci polimórficos nucleares analizados 'Pedro Giménez' compartió uno de los alelos con 'Moscatel de Alejandría' y el otro con 'Criolla Chica'. Estos datos, junto con el resultado del análisis de SSR de cloroplastos, avalan la hipótesis que, como muchas de las variedades criollas, 'Pedro Giménez' sería fruto del cruzamiento entre estos dos progenitores, siendo 'Criolla Chica' probablemente el progenitor materno.´Pedro Giménez´ is a white criolla variety cropped in Argentina, mainly in Mendoza and San Juan, being the most planted white variety destined for wine making in the country. Its origin remains unknown, as well as its relationship with Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, mostly grown in Jerez, Spain. Previous works have probed that most of Criollas varieties existing in America at the moment, are the offspring of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´. The aim of the present work was to compare ´Pedro Giménez´ with the Spanish variety ´Pedro Ximénez´, and to establish its degree of relatedness to ´Muscat of Alexandria´ and ´Criolla Chica´. Therefore we used a set of 18 nuclear SSR loci and 3 chloroplast SSR loci. ´Pedro Giménez´ shared only 38% of the alleles under analysis with ´Pedro Ximénez´, indicating that they are indeed two different varieties. In all 18 polymorphic nuclear SSR loci ´Pedro Giménez´ shared 50% of its alleles with ´Muscat of Alexandria´, while the other 50% of the alleles present in ´Pedro Giménez´ were also present in ´Criolla Chica´. This data, along with those from the chloroplast SSR analysis, strongly suggest that ´Pedro Giménez´ is the progeny of ´Muscat of Alexandria´ x ´Criolla Chica´, being the latest one the most likely female progenitor.Fil: Duran, Martin Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Agüero, Cecilia B.. University of California at Davis; Estados UnidosFil: Martínez, Liliana Estela. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentin

Flame spread in laminar mixing layers: the triple flame

In the present paper we investígate flame spread in laminar mixing layers both experimentally and numerically. First, a burner has been designed and built such that stationary triple ñames can be stabilised in a coflowing stream with well defined linear concentration gradients and well defined uniform flow velocity at the inlet to the combustión chamber. The burner itself as well as first experimental results obtained with it are presented. Second, a theoretical model is formulated for analysis of triple flames in a strained mixing laycr generated by directing a fuel stream and an oxidizer stream towards each other. Here attention is focused on the stagnation región where by means of a similarity formulation the three-dimensional flow can be described by only two spatial coordinates. To solve the governing equations for the limiting case in which a thermal-diffusional model results, a numerical solution procedure based on self-adaptive mesh refinement is developed. For the thermal-diffusional model, the structure of the triple flame and its propagation velocity are obtained by solving numerically the governing similarity equations for a wide range of strain rates