400 research outputs found
Organizing reflexivity in designed change: The ethnoventionist approach
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the role of intervention/oriented scientists in the process of organisation development. The paper seeks to contribute to the growing interest in design studies for organisation development and argues that a focus on reflexivity is missing in current debate. The aim of the paper to develop critical reflexiveness for organization design studies by introducing the ethnoventionist approach. Design/methodology/approach â The paper discusses the ideal forms of clinical inquiry, participative action research, ethnography, and the ethnoventionist approach. The ethnoventionist approach is described by its central aspects: a focus on reflexivity, a management (but not managerialist) orientation, commitment to obtaining a deep understanding, connecting the multi/layered context, and studying in pre/arranged longitudinal intervals. Findings â The ethnoventionist approach uses organisational ethnographies to facilitate intervention strategies intended to improve organisations. An example of such an approach in the design of new collaborative practices in the Dutch construction sector is drawn on. Practical implications â The essence of the ethnoventionist approach is to obtain a deeper understanding of organisational change. The ethnoventionist approach helps to overcome a lack of attention to management in current ethnographic bodies of knowledge and to deepen existing management approaches to change dynamics. Ethnoventionist approaches can be very useful for intervention/oriented studies of change processes which require high levels of engagement and which produce high/quality ethnographic data. Originality/value â This paper explores a new research approach that has not been discussed previously. © 2010, Emerald Group Publishing Limite
Using CT colonography as a triage technique after a positive faecal occult blood test in colorectal cancer screening
Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CT colonography (CTC) as a triage technique in faecal occult blood test (FOBT)-positive screening participants. METHODS: Consecutive guaiac (G-FOBT) and immunochemical (I-FOBT) FOBT-positive patients scheduled for colonoscopy underwent CTC with iodine tagging bowel preparation. Each CTC was read independently by two experienced observers. Per patient sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were calculated based on double reading with different CTC cut-off lesion sizes using segmental unblinded colonoscopy as the reference standard. The acceptability of the technique to patients was evaluated with questionnaires. RESULTS: 302 FOBT-positive patients were included (54 G-FOBT and 248 I-FOBT). 22 FOBT-positive patients (7%) had a colorectal carcinoma and 211 (70%) had a lesion >or=6 mm. Participants considered colonoscopy more burdensome than CTC (por=6 mm. The PPV of CTC was 87% (95% CI 80% to 93%) and NPV 77% (95% CI 69% to 85%). Using CTC as a triage technique in 100 FOBT-positive patients would mean that colonoscopy could be prevented in 28 patients while missing >or=10 mm lesions in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: CTC with limited bowel preparation has reasonable predictive values in an FOBT-positive population and a higher acceptability to patients than colonoscopy. However, due to the high prevalence of clinically relevant lesions in FOBT-positive patients, CTC is unlikely to be an efficient triage technique in a first round FOBT population screening programme
PRUSSIC I - a JVLA survey of HCN/HCO+/HNC (1-0) emission in z3 dusty galaxies: Low dense-gas fractions in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
Dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at redshift z1 are among the most
vigorously star-forming galaxies in the Universe. However, their dense
(10 cm ) gas phase - typically traced by HCN(1-0) - remains
almost entirely unexplored: only two DSFGs have been detected in HCN(1-0) to
date. We present results of a JVLA survey of the J=1-0 transition of HCN, HCO+,
and HNC(1-0) in six strongly lensed DSFGs at z = 2.5 - 3.3, effectively
doubling the number of DSFGs with deep observations of these lines. We detect
HCN(1-0) emission in one source (J1202+5354, 4.4), with a tentative
HCO+ (1-0) detection in another (J1609+6045, 3.3). Spectral stacking
yields strict upper limits on the HCN/FIR (3.610) and
HCN/CO(1-0) ratios (0.045). The inferred HCN/FIR ratios (a proxy for the
star-formation efficiency) are consistent with those in z0 FIR-luminous
starbursts. However, the HCN/CO ratios - a proxy for the dense-gas fraction -
are a factor of a few lower than suggested by the two previous DSFG detections.
Our results imply that most DSFGs have low dense-gas fractions. A comparison
with Krumholz & Thompson (2007) models of star-forming galaxies indicates that
the bulk of gas in DSFGs is at lower densities (10 cm ),
similar to "normal" star-forming galaxies, rather than ultraluminous
starbursts.Comment: Submitted to A&A 28th April 2022, accepted 19th July 202
Onderzoek naar de effectiviteit van ontsmettingsapparatuur en -middelen
In teelten die los van de ondergrond op verschillende substraten worden geteeld, wordt het drainwater gerecirculeerd. In het recirculatiewater kunnen diverse pathogenen (ziekteverwekkers) zoals schimmels, bacteriën en virussen voorkomen. Daarom wordt op veel bedrijven het drainwater ontsmet en dit kan op verschillende manieren worden gedaan met ontsmettingsapparatuur en ontsmettingsmiddelen. Bij de teelt in de vollegrond vindt nu nog geen of nauwelijks recirculatie van drainagewater plaats. De samenstelling van drainagewater verschilt aanzienlijk van drainwater. Daardoor is de ontsmettingsmethodiek niet per definitie gelijk. Zo kunnen organische stof en ijzerdeeltjes de transmissie sterk omlaag brengen. Dit kan tot gevolg hebben dat bijvoorbeeld een UV-ontsmetting onvoldoende werkt. Drainagewater behoeft daarom soms een voorbehandeling voordat het met een standaard ontsmettingsmethode behandeld kan worden. Voor drainagewater worden op basis van analyses en interviews aanbevelingen gedaan voor verbetering om tot een goede ontsmetting van drainagewater te komen
PRUSSIC II -- ALMA imaging of dense-gas tracers in SDP.81: Evidence for low mechanical heating and a sub-solar metallicity in a z=3.04 dusty galaxy
We present deep ALMA Band 3 observations of the HCN, HCO+, and HNC (4-3)
emission in SDP.81, a well-studied z = 3.042 strongly lensed galaxy. These
lines trace the high-density gas, which remains almost entirely unexplored in
z1 galaxies. Additionally, these dense-gas tracers are potentially
powerful diagnostics of the mechanical heating of the interstellar medium.
While the HCN(4-3) and HNC(4-3) lines are not detected, the HCO+(4-3) emission
is clearly detected and resolved. This is the third detection of this line in a
high-redshift star-forming galaxy. We find an unusually high HCO+/HCN intensity
ratio of 2.2. Based on the photodissociation region modelling, the most
likely explanation for the elevated HCO+/HCN ratio is that SDP.81 has low
mechanical heating - less than 10% of the total energy budget - and a sub-solar
metallicity, Z=0.5 Z. While such conditions might not be representative
of the general population of high-redshift dusty galaxies, lower-than-solar
metallicity might have a significant impact on gas masses inferred from CO
observations. In addition, we report the detection of CO(0-1) absorption from
the foreground lensing galaxy and CO(1-0) emission from a massive companion to
the lensing galaxy, approximately 50 kpc to the southeast.Comment: A&A accepted, in press. 10 pages, 10 figure
Galaxy clusters at z~1 imaged by ALMA with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
We present high angular-resolution measurements of the thermal
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) toward two galaxy clusters, RCS J2319+0038 at
z=0.9 and HSC J0947-0119 at z=1.1, by the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 3. They are supplemented with
available Chandra X-ray data, optical data taken by Hyper Suprime-Cam on
Subaru, and millimeter-wave SZE data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.
Taking into account departures from spherical symmetry, we have reconstructed
non-parametrically the inner pressure profile of two clusters as well as
electron temperature and density profiles for RCS J2319+0038. This is one of
the first such measurements for an individual cluster at . We
find that the inner pressure profile of both clusters is much shallower than
that of local cool-core clusters. Our results consistently suggest that RCS
J2319+0038 hosts a weak cool core, where radiative cooling is less significant
than in local cool cores. On the other hand, HSC J0947-0119 exhibits an even
shallower pressure profile than RCS J2319+0038 and is more likely a
non-cool-core cluster. The SZE centroid position is offset by more than 140
kpc from the peaks of galaxy distribution in HSC J0947-0119,
suggesting a stronger influence of mergers in this cluster. We conclude that
these distant clusters are at a very early stage of developing the cool cores
typically found in clusters at lower redshifts.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 8 tables, submitted to PAS
The Paradox of Power in CSR: A Case Study on Implementation
Purpose Although current literature assumes positive outcomes for stakeholders resulting from an increase in power associated with CSR, this research suggests that this increase can lead to conflict within organizations, resulting in almost complete inactivity on CSR.
Methods A single in-depth case study, focusing on power as an embedded concept.
Results Empirical evidence is used to demonstrate how some actors use CSR to improve their own positions within an organization. Resource dependence theory is used to highlight why this may be a more significant concern for CSR.
Conclusions Increasing power for CSR has the potential to offer actors associated with it increased personal power, and thus can attract opportunistic actors with little interest in realizing the benefits of CSR for the company and its stakeholders. Thus power can be an impediment to furthering CSR strategy and activities at the individual and organizational level
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