Effect of photobiomodulation on the viability of osteoblasts and fibroblasts submitted to alendronate sodium or zoledronic acid: an in vitro study

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito da terapia de fotobiomodulação (TFBM) na viabilidade de osteoblastos e cultura de fibroblastos em diferentes concentrações de alendronato ou ácido zoledrônico. Duas linhagens celulares – células de camundongos semelhantes a osteoblastos (OSTEO 1) e fibroblastos de mucosa bucal humana (FMM1) – foram utilizadas. As células foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de bisfosfonatos (1 μM, 10 μM e 100 μM de alendronato de sódio e 3 μM, 5 μM e 10 μM de ácido zoledrônico) por 24 horas. Em seguida, as culturas receberam TFBM. As irradiações foram aplicadas com laser de diodo (InGaAIP, 660 nm, 30 mW, spot 0,028 cm2) em modo contínuo, pontual e de contato, em duas densidades de energia: 5 J/cm2 (4,5 s) ou 10 J/cm2 (9s) com intervalos de 6 horas. A viabilidade celular foi determinada pelo ensaio de atividade mitocondrial (MTT) 24 h após a última irradiação. Os dados foram comparados pelo ANOVA One-Way, complementado pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). O alendronato de sódio nas concentrações de 100 μM e 10 μM e o ácido zoledrônico na concentração de 10 μM apresentaram maior toxicidade a longo prazo. A viabilidade celular do grupo tratado com TFBM foi significativamente maior que a do grupo de controle negativo. O mesmo ocorreu com os osteoblastos tratados com as maiores concentrações do fármaco (5 e 10 μM), apesar de não atingir a viabilidade celular do grupo de controle positivo, apresentou maior viabilidade do que o controle negativo no qual as células não foram irradiadas. Nos grupos submetidos ao ácido zoledrônico, controles positivos apresentaram maior viabilidade celular. Concluímos que sob os parâmetros aplicados neste estudo, a TFBM, com uma densidade de energia de 5 J/cm2, foi capaz de reverter a toxicidade do alendronato sódico aplicado nas concentrações mais altas em ambos os tipos celulares, enquanto a toxicidade do ácido zoledrônico, independentemente de suas concentrações, foi não influenciada pela TFBM.The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the viability of osteoblasts and cultured fibroblasts in different concentrations of alendronate or zoledronic acid. Two cell lines: osteoblast-like mouse cells (OSTEO 1) and human buccal mucosa fibroblast (FMM1) were used. Cells were submitted to different concentrations of bisphosphonates (1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM sodium alendronate and 3 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM zoledronic acid) for 24 hours. Next, the cultures received PBMT. The irradiations were applied with a diode laser (InGaAIP, 660 nm, 30 mW, spot 0.028 cm2) in continuous, punctual and contact mode at two energy densities: 5 J/cm2 (4.5 s) or 10 Jcm2 (9s) with 6 hours-intervals. Cell viability was determined by mitochondrial activity assay (MTT) 24 h after the last irradiation. The data were compared by the one way- ANOVA, complemented by the Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Sodium alendronate at concentrations of 100 μM and 10 μM and zoledronic acid at 10 μM concentration showed higher long-term toxicity. The cellular viability of the PBMT treated group was significantly higher than that of the negative control group. The same occurred with the osteoblasts treated with the highest concentrations of the drug (5 and 10 μM), despite not reaching the cell viability of the positive control group, it presented greater viability than the negative control where the cells were not irradiated. In the groups submitted to zoledronic acid, positive controls presented greater cell viability. We concluded that under the parameters applied in this study, PBMT at an energy density of 5 J/cm2 was able to revert the toxicity of sodium alendronate applied at the higher concentrations in both cell types, whereas zoledronic acid toxicity, regardless of its concentrations, was not influenced by PBMT

Dental Pulp Vascular Permeability Changes Induced by Dental Bleaching

Aiming to compare the effect of different light sources for dental bleaching on vascular permeability of dental pulps, forty-eight incisors were used. The bleaching agent (35% hydrogen peroxide) was activated by halogen light; LED (Light Emitting Diode) or LED, followed by laser phototherapy (LPT) (lambda = 780 nm; 3 J/cm(2)). After the bleaching procedures, the animals received an intra-arterial dye injection and one hour later were sacrificed. The teeth were diaphanized and photographed. The amount of blue stain content of each dental pulp was quantified using a computer imaging program. The data was statistically compared (p <= 0.05). The results showed a significant higher (p <= 0.01) dye content in the groups bleached with halogen light, compared with the control, LED and LED plus LPT groups. Thus, tooth bleaching activated by LED or LED plus LPT induces lesser resulted in increased vascular permeability than halogen light

ESTIMATIVA DA ALTURA DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS EM REGENERAÇÃO NATURAL UTILIZANDO REDES NEURAIS ARTIFICIAIS

The use of neural networks has been used in various branches of science. In vegetation studies, neural networks have been used mainly to estimate tree biomass, height and diameter of tree individuals, but there are few studies with natural regeneration. In this context, the objective was to estimate, through artificial neural networks, the height (H) of regenerating species in an area of a Semideciduous Ombrophilous Forest fragment. The database came from individuals of tree species from regeneration of 20 plots of 10 m2 (2 x 5 m), in São Cristóvão, SE. To estimate total H by artificial neural networks, Multilayer Perceptron networks were tested. RNA was efficient in the estimation of H of the regenerative stratum in an area of a Semideciduous Ombrophilous Forest fragment. RNA 12 with 14 neurons was more efficient to estimate the height of the most abundant species in the area. The greater number of individuals with lower heights promoted an overestimation of the height.O uso de redes neurais vem sendo utilizado em vários ramos da ciência. Em estudos de vegetação as redes neurais têm sido utilizadas principalmente para estimativa de biomassa aérea, altura e diâmetro de indivíduos arbóreos, porém, existem poucos estudos com a regeneração natural. Neste contexto, objetivou-se estimar, por meio de redes neurais artificiais, a altura (H) das espécies regenerantes em uma área de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Semidecidual. A base de dados foi proveniente de indivíduos de espécies arbóreas da regeneração de 20 parcelas de 10 m2 (2 x 5 m), no município de São Cristóvão, SE. Para estimativa da H total por redes neurais artificiais foram testadas redes do tipo Multilayer Perceptron. A RNA foi eficiente na estimativa da H do estrato regenerativo em uma área de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Semidecidual. A RNA 12, com 14 neurônios foi mais eficiente para estimar a altura das espécies mais abundantes na área

Influence of prior 810-nm-diode intracanal laser irradiation on hydrophilic resin-based sealer obturation

Dentin wall structural changes caused by 810-nm-diode laser irradiation can influence the sealing ability of endodontic sealers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the apical leakage of AH Plus and RealSeal resin-based sealers with and without prior diode laser irradiation. Fifty-two single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared and divided into 4 groups, according to the endodontic sealer used and the use or non-use of laser irradiation. The protocol for laser irradiation was 2.5W, continuous wave in scanning mode, with 4 exposures per tooth. After sample preparation, apical leakage of 50% ammoniacal silver nitrate impregnation was analyzed. When the teeth were not exposed to irradiation, the Real Seal sealer achieved the highest scores, showing the least leakage, with significant differences at the 5% level (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004), compared with AH Plus. When the teeth were exposed to the 810-nm-diode laser irradiation, the sealing ability of AH Plus sealer was improved (p = 0282). In the Real Seal groups, the intracanal laser irradiation did not interfere with the leakage index, showing similar results in the GRS and GRSd groups (p = 0.1009)

PERCEPÇÃO DO CUIDADO EM SAÚDE NO CAPSAD: UMA VISÃO DO PACIENTE

The Psychosocial Care Centers Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) are mental health services to offer their users a program of intensive therapy, developed by a multidisciplinary team. This study aims to conduct an assessment of the care provided by health professionals to the user, the object of this study, people with problems arising from the harmful use of alcohol. We sought to understand the model of health care in the CAPSad perception of alcoholics users. This is a descriptive qualitative research conducted in Psychosocial Care Center, located in the Regional Executive Secretary IV, the city of Fortaleza. Methodological Procedures: Semi-structured interviews were developed. Data were submitted to analysis of categorical thematic content. User flow in effecting service in CAPSad, the relationship between the professional and the CAPSad users; guidelines for users; perception of users in developed therapeutic workshops, user participation in therapeutic project: five thematic categories were defined. Through analysis of each category, we could apprehend consistent information about the participants and the meaning they attributed their experiences and perceptive this center. It is concluded that the host in CAPSad as a working tool involves all team members, thus favoring the solvability of assistance, a fact that is evidenced by the speech of patients during interviews.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236583415619 Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPSad) são serviços de saúde mental destinados a oferecer a seus usuários um programa de cuidados intensivos, elaborado por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma apreciação do atendimento prestado pelos profissionais de saúde ao usuário, sendo objeto desse estudo pessoas com problemas decorrentes do uso prejudicial de álcool. Buscou-se compreender o modelo de cuidado em saúde do CAPSad na percepção dos usuários alcoolistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial, localizado na Secretaria Executiva Regional IV, do município de Fortaleza-CE. Procedimentos Metodológicos: foram desenvolvidas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Foram definidas cinco categorias temáticas: fluxo do usuário na efetivação do atendimento no CAPSad; a relação entre o profissional do CAPSad e os usuários; orientações para os usuários; percepção dos usuários desenvolvida nas oficinas terapêuticas; participação do usuário no projeto terapêutico. Mediante análise de cada categoria, pôde-se apreender consistentes informações sobre os participantes e o significado por eles atribuídos a suas experiências e perceptivas naquele centro. Conclui-se que o acolhimento no CAPSad como instrumento de trabalho envolve todos os membros da equipe, favorecendo assim a resolubilidade da assistência, fato que é evidenciado pelo discurso dos pacientes durante as entrevistas. Descritores: Serviços de Saúde Mental; Saúde Mental; Alcoolismo.

Virtual rehabilitation is better than conventional physical therapy to improve the functionality of the gait in elderly people? Systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract - Aim To compare the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test variables and walking speed between elderly people that carried through the training using virtual reality, sedentary (control), and those submitted to the Conventional physical therapy (exercise therapy). Systematic revision with meta-analysis of clinical essays. Methods: The recommendations of The PRISMA STATEMENT were used; having been consulted the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Exerpta Medica DataBASE Guide (IT BASES), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Participants: Healthy Elderly People. Intervention: Virtual reality or Conventional physical therapy. Group control: physical inactivity. Measures of result: TUG test and walking speed. Results: 11282 generated articles of the initial search, 16 articles had entered for the meta-analysis, including 711 participants. The meta-analysis resulted the four following comparisons: [1] Virtual Reality versus Control (TUG), not significant (the IC 95% (-4,29 to 0,66) I2 = 94%) and [2] Virtual Reality versus Control (walking speed), not significant (IC 95% (-0,14 to 0,56) I2 = 98%); [3] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (TUG), significant, in favor of Conventional physical therapy (IC 95% (-1,02 a -0,06) I2 = 20%) and [4] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (walking speed), significant in favors of Virtual Reality (IC 95% (0,06 a 0,17) I2 = 0%).Conclusion: This demonstrates that the investigated subject needs more studies with a better methodological research design to develop more results in the literature. Register Review: PROSPERO (CRD42021247922).Abstract - Aim To compare the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test variables and walking speed between elderly people that carried through the training using virtual reality, sedentary (control), and those submitted to the Conventional physical therapy (exercise therapy). Systematic revision with meta-analysis of clinical essays. Methods: The recommendations of The PRISMA STATEMENT were used; having been consulted the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Exerpta Medica DataBASE Guide (IT BASES), Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Participants: Healthy Elderly People. Intervention: Virtual reality or Conventional physical therapy. Group control: physical inactivity. Measures of result: TUG test and walking speed. Results: 11282 generated articles of the initial search, 16 articles had entered for the meta-analysis, including 711 participants. The meta-analysis resulted the four following comparisons: [1] Virtual Reality versus Control (TUG), not significant (the IC 95% (-4,29 to 0,66) I2 = 94%) and [2] Virtual Reality versus Control (walking speed), not significant (IC 95% (-0,14 to 0,56) I2 = 98%); [3] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (TUG), significant, in favor of Conventional physical therapy (IC 95% (-1,02 a -0,06) I2 = 20%) and [4] Virtual Reality versus Conventional physical therapy (walking speed), significant in favors of Virtual Reality (IC 95% (0,06 a 0,17) I2 = 0%).Conclusion: This demonstrates that the investigated subject needs more studies with a better methodological research design to develop more results in the literature. Register Review: PROSPERO (CRD42021247922)

Effect of glazing application side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of a Y-TZP ceramic

Glaze application on monolithic zirconia (Y-TZP) can be a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties of this material. Objective: Our study evaluated the effect of glazing side and mechanical cycling on the biaxial flexure strength (BFS) of a Y-TZP. Methodology: Eighty sintered Y-TZP discs (Ø:12 mm; thickness: 1.2 mm - ISO 6872) were produced and randomly assigned into eight groups (n=10), according to the factors “glazing side” (control – no glazing; GT – glaze on tensile side; GC – glaze on compression side; GTC – glaze on both sides) and “mechanical aging” (non-aged and aged, A – mechanical cycling: 1.2×106, 84 N, 3 Hz, under water at 37°C). Specimens were subjected to BFS test (1 mm/min; 1,000 Kgf load cell) and fractured surfaces were analyzed by stereomicroscopy and SEM. Hsueh’s rigorous solutions were used to estimate the stress at failure of glazed specimens. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test (5%), and Weibull analysis were performed. Results: The “glazing side”, “mechanical aging” and the interaction of the factors were significant (p<0.05). Groups GC (1157.9±146.9 MPa), GT (1156.1±195.3 MPa), GTC (986.0±187.4 MPa) and GTC-A (1131.9±128.9 MPa) presented higher BFS than control groups (Tukey, 5%). Hsueh’s rigorous solutions showed that the maximum tensile stress was presented in the bottom of zirconia layer, at the zirconia/glaze interface. Weibull characteristic strength (σo) of the GC was higher than all groups (p<0.05), except to GT, GTC-A and GTC, which were similar among them. The fractography showed initiation of failures from zirconia the tensile side regardless of the side of glaze application and fatigue. Conclusion: Glazing zirconia applied on both tensile and compression sides improves the flexural strength of Y-TZP, regardless the mechanical aging