ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HYDRO-ACETONIC EXTRACT FROM WISSADULA AMPLISSIMA VAR. ROSTRATA (SHUM. AND THONN.) R. E. FRIES

Objective: The present study aims to investigate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant effects of the hydroacetonic extract (HAE) from Wissadula amplissima whole plant and to determine its polyphenol and flavonoid contents.Methods: Extraction was achieved by soaking defatted W. amplissima with aqueous acetone solvent. Acute toxicity and pharmacological investigations were performed per os and intraperitoneally on Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice. The carrageenan-induced paw edema and the acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase were carried out in vitro using endpoint spectrophotometric assays at 295 nm and 234 nm. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), lipid peroxidation and desoxyribose degradation assays were used to point out antioxidant activities of extract. Aluminium chloride colorimetric method was used to determine total flavonoids content when and total phenolic content was measured by the method Folin-ciocalteu reagent.Results: W. amplissima's HAE exhibited a slight acute toxicity with no lethality observed. Significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities were recorded as well as strong inhibitory activities on lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase. W. amplissima's HAE also demonstrated interesting antioxidant activities particularly in preventing lipid peroxidation. Polyphenol and flavonoid contents were respectively estimated to 64.33±1.34 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) and 35.17±0.77 mg Quercetin Equivalent (QE) per 100 mg of W. amplissima's HAE.Conclusion: HAE of W. amplissima exhibited a promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential compared to the reference (acetylsalicylic acid, Hydrocortisone, paracetamol) and regarding the inhibition of lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities seem to be related to the antioxidant and enzymes inhibitors compounds of the plant extract.Â

Production Locale De Médicaments Issus De La Médecine Et Pharmacopée Traditionnelles : Analyse Des Déterminants De La Survie De L’unité De Production (UPHARMA))

Introduction: L’accès durable à des médicaments de qualité et abordables par la production locale contribue au développement sanitaire et socioéconomique d’un pays. L’unité de production pharmaceutique (UPHRAMA) a été créée pour pallier à ce besoin au Burkina Faso. Cependant, elle rencontre d'énormes difficultés susceptibles d'entrainer sa fermeture. Objectif: L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les déterminants de la survie de l’unité de production de médicaments (UPHARMA). Méthodes: La méthodologie utilisée a combiné la recherche bibliographique et l’enquête de terrain qui a consisté en une série d’entretiens. Résultats/Discussion: Les résultats obtenus indiquent que l’unité n'a pas de personnalité juridique lui permettant de jouir d'une autonomie dans la gestion de ses activités. L'encrage institutionnel ne la permet pas de mener ses activités dans une logique d'entreprise commerciale compétitive. Les activités de l’unité se trouvent piégées par la procédure de gestion des actes administratifs et financières de la fonction publique. Au regard de ce constat, elle doit être envisagée comme étant une société à capitaux publics avec une personnalité juridique ayant une autonomie financière et de gestion. Conclusion: Au regard des analyses, il ressort que l’unité est soumise de façon caractéristique aux principes de l’administration publique marqué par la subordination, la dépendance et le contrôle qui reflètent le pouvoir de l'Etat. La création d’un nouveau statut juridique, celui d’entreprise publique autonome avec des modes de gestion et de financements adéquats favorisera la mobilisation de ressources pour booster les activités de recherche-développement de nouveaux phytomédicaments au sein de l’IRSS. Introduction: Sustainable access to quality and affordable medicines through local production contributes to health and socio-economic development of a country. The pharmaceutical production unit (UPHRARMA) was created to address this issue in Burkina Faso. However, it encounters serious difficulties which could lead to its closure. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of the survival of this production unit. Methods: The method combined a bibliographic review and field survey which consisted of a number of interviews. Results/Discussion: The results showed that the unit has no legal form enabling autonomy in management activities. Its institutional anchor does not allow it to perform its activities as a competitive commercial enterprise. The activities of the unit are trapped by the public procedures of administrative and financial management. In that line, the status of the unit should be revised as a public shareholding company with a legal form allowing financial and management autonomy. Conclusion: Regarding the results, U-PHARAMA is subject to the public administration’s principles such as subordination, dependence and control. The new legal status will allow an autonomy of a public company with adequate management and financing mechanisms. This will encourage funds raising in order to mobilize resources for boosting research and development of new phytomedicines within the health sciences research institute

HPLC ANALYSIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES STUDIES OF TRUNK BARKS OF ACACIA NILOTICA VAR ADANSONII (GUILL AND PERR) O KTZE (MIMOSACEAE)

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract and fractions of the trunk bark of Acacia nilotica. Methods: A maceration of the powder of the trunks barks of the plant was realized. Then the aqueous macerate obtained was fractionated with dichloromethane, butanol and ethyl acetate successively. The phenolic compounds of the aqueous extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were identified by HPLC/DAD. Lipoxygenase and phospholipase inhibition tests with the aqueous extract and the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions were carried out. The anti-inflammatory potential of the aqueous extract was assessed in vivo by the anti-edema test with carrageenan and the analgesic test with acetic acid at different doses (200 mg/ml; 400 mg/ml; 600 mg/ml). Aspirin (200 mg/ml) and paracetamol (200 mg/ml) were used as a reference. Results: The HPLC/DAD analysis of the extracts revealed that gallic acid is the most abundant phenol acid in the extracts. The aqueous extract inhibited lipoxygenase (IC50 = 18.32±1.18 μg/ml), phospholipase (11.44±0.32% per 100 μg/ml) and cyclooxygenase (56.48±0.29% for 100 μg/ml) as well as its tested fractions. It also reduced edema and pain in the mice by more than 50% from the 400 mg/ml dose. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Acacia nilotica has anti-inflammatory properties. Hence its use in traditional medicine in the treatment of inflammation

Biological and phytochemical investigations of extracts from Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir (Fabaceae) root barks

Background: Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. belonging to Fabacae familly is used as medicinal plant in Burkina Faso’s folk medicine. Roots of P. erinaceus are used to treat ulcer, stomach ache and inflammatory diseases. The objective of the present study was to carry out phytochemical composition of methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts from Pterocarpus erinaceus roots, to isolate pure compounds, and to evaluate their pharmacological activities.Methods: Chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of active components of the extracts. The structures were established by NMR analysis and comparison with data from literature. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using croton oil-induced edema of mice ear as well as the effect of extracts against lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation was evaluated. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts.Results: Friedelin (1), 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-one (2), α-sophoradiol (3) and stigmasterol (4) were isolated from DCM extract and maltol-6-O-apiofuranoside-glucopyranoside (5) isolated from MeOH. DCM extract and friedelin, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-one, α- sophoradiol showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect against ear edema. Friedelin (1), α-sophoradiol (3) and maltol-6-O-apiofuranoside-glucopyranoside (5) exhibited lipoxygenase inhibition. MeOH extract (100 μg/mL) inhibited lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation activities at 45.1 ± 3% and 30.7 ± 0.5% respectively. MeOH extract, ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction exhibited antioxidant property with both two methods used.Conclusion: The results suggested that the extracts and compounds from roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed local antiinflammatory effect, antioxidant properties and inhibitor effect against lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation activities.Keywords: Pterocarpus erinaceus, triterpenes, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipoxygenas

Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Balanitaceae) roots bark

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del (Balanitaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments such as syphilis, jaundice and liver disorders, epilepsy, ... This study was designed to evaluate acute toxicity and hepatoprotective effect of aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptiaca on CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Methods: Acute toxicity was assessed with the extract at a dose of 2000 mg / kg bw. The extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg b.w. was orally administered respectively to CC14-induced hepatotoxicity (0.5 ml / kg) animals. Silymarin (100 mg / kg) was given as a reference. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, PT, ALB and ALP were assayed as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities SOD, CAT and MDA. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) involved in inflammation was also measured.Results: Activities of liver marker enzymes, ALT, AST and ALP, total protein, albumin and showed a significant hepatoprotective effect. Regarding antioxidant enzymatic activities in vivo (SOD, CAT and MDA) of aqueous extract exhibited a significant effect showing increasing levels of SOD, CAT and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The production of NO is significantly reduced compared to the batch intoxicated by CCl4.Conclusion: Balanites aegyptiaca is endowed with hepatoprotective properties that can be attributed to antioxidant potential which could justify its use in traditional medicine in liver disorders

BIOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF EXTRACTS FROM PTEROCARPUS ERINACEUS POIR (FABACEAE) ROOT BARKS

Background: Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. belonging to Fabacae familly is used as medicinal plant in Burkina Faso’s folk medicine. Roots of P. erinaceus are used to treat ulcer, stomach ache and inflammatory diseases. The objective of the present study was to carry out phytochemical composition of methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts from Pterocarpus erinaceus roots, to isolate pure compounds, and to evaluate their pharmacological activities. Methods: Chromatographic fractionation led to the isolation of active components of the extracts. The structures were established by NMR analysis and comparison with data from literature. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using croton oil-induced edema of mice ear as well as the effect of extracts against lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation was evaluated. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Results: Friedelin (1), 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-one (2), α-sophoradiol (3) and stigmasterol (4) were isolated from DCM extract and maltol-6-O-apiofuranoside-glucopyranoside (5) isolated from MeOH. DCM extract and friedelin, 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-2-one, α- sophoradiol showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect against ear edema. Friedelin (1), α-sophoradiol (3) and maltol-6-Oapiofuranoside- glucopyranoside (5) exhibited lipoxygenase inhibition. MeOH extract (100 μg/mL) inhibited lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation activities at 45.1 ± 3% and 30.7 ± 0.5% respectively. MeOH extract, ethyl acetate fraction and butanol fraction exhibited antioxidant property with both two methods used. Conclusion: The results suggested that the extracts and compounds from roots of Pterocarpus erinaceus possessed local antiinflammatory effect, antioxidant properties and inhibitor effect against lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation activities

In vitro preliminary study of free radical scavenging activity of extracts from Khaya senegalensis A. Juss. (Meliaceae)

Aqueous and ethanolic crude extracts and fractions of Khaya senegalensis stem barks were investigated for their antioxidant activities. Their ability to act as radical scavengers have not been previously reported and was investigated using 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), a stable free radical in comparison with Rutin and Quecetin as antioxidant standards. The study shows that all extracts and fractions are able to scavenge significantly free radicals of DPPH. The IC50 are, respectively 9.82 μg mL-1 for defatted extract; 7.42 μg mL-1 for Rutin (Standard); 7.33 μg mL-1 for lyophilised aqueous extract; 6.01 μg mL-1 for the fraction F1 of lyophilised aqueous extract; 4.70 μg mL-1 for ethanolic extract; 4.37 μg mL-1 for the fraction F2 from methanolic crude extract of stem barks and 2.58 μg mL-1 for Quercetin (Standard). Lyophilised aqueous extract activity is closely related to that of Rutin but less than Quercetin. Fractions can play a pivotal role in the antioxidant activity of crude lyophilised aqueous and alcoholic extract of stem barks of Khaya senegalensis. © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In vitro Preliminary Study of Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Extracts from Kaya senegalensis A. juss

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DPPH free radical scavenging activity of two extracts from agelanthus dodoneifolius (Loranthaceae) leaves

Agelanthus dodoneifolius (Loranthaceae) commonly named African mistletoe is traditionally used in Burkina Faso as a decoction for the treatment of asthma, stomach-ache and cardiovascular diseases. The current study was designed to assess the DPPH free radical scavenging effect and the flavonoid and phenolic contents of the decoction and maceration extracts from Agelanthus dodoneifolius leaves. Moreover, the phytochemical analysis was also carried out. The decoction and maceration were prepared in water. Phytochemical analysis was realized according to the standard protocols. The scavenging activity was determined using the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The flavonoid and phenolic contents were assessed using the Neu and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, respectively. The phytochemical investigation showed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, carotenoids, anthocyanins and sugars in Agelanthus dodoneifolius dried and powdered leaves. Both decoction and maceration exhibited a significant dose-dependent radical scavenging activity with EC50 values of 8.20 ± 0.25 and 13.20 ± 0.37 μg/mL, respectively. This significant radical scavenging effect may be attributed to their richness in flavonoid and phenolic compounds. This study enhances the ability of Agelanthus dodoneifolius leaves as excellent natural source for antiradical scavenging. Therefore, the results may be taken account for the development of an herbal medicine to treat diseases related to an oxidative damage.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The topical antiinflammatory effect of chloroform extract from Khaya senegalensis stem barks

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