RECURSOS GENÉTICOS VEGETAIS E SUSTENTABILIDADE: SAÚDE E QUALIDADE DE VIDA

O artigo registra as conferências do congresso internacional de inovação tecnológica nas ciências da saúde: a sustentabilidade das práticas integrativas a agroecologia, mais especificamente a conferência: Recursos genéticos vegetais e sustentabilidade: saúde e qualidade de vida. A conferência a dimensão do campo da modificação genética. O evento aconteceu de 15 a 18 de novembro de 2017 no IFBA SAJ sob a direção da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia. Palavras-chave: Recursos Genéticos. Sustentabilidade. Qualidade de Vida

Chemical composition and biological activities of mono- and heterofloral bee pollen of different geographical origins

Recent research shows variations in pollen chemical constituents and, consequently, in their therapeutic properties. Mono and multifloral bee pollen extracts were investigated for antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity properties, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition. Generally, Eucalyptus spp. and multifloral extracts exhibited potent inhibitory activity against -amylase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, lipase and hyaluronidase. On the other hand, Miconia spp. demonstrated higher antihemolytic activity. Cocos nucifera and Miconia spp. extracts exhibited important antioxidant properties in the different assays (ABTS, DPPH, -carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power). Moreover, these extracts had greater amounts of total phenols and flavonoids in comparison to others. The increase in antioxidant activity (decrease in EC50 values) was accompanied by an increase in the amount of total phenols in the extracts. The pollen extracts contained linoleic acid and -linolenic acid as major fatty acids, followed by palmitic acid, and oleic acid. In this study, differences were observed in both chemical constituents and biological activities of the samples related to the geographical and botanical origin of bee pollen.We thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico-CNPq) for a scholarship granted to Jucilene Silva Araújo (CAPES), for a research scholarship granted to Carlos Alfredo Lopes de Carvalho (CNPq), financial support for the project and scholarship (CAPES) granted to Emerson Dechechi Chambó, Leticia M. Estevinho and Samira Maria Peixoto Cavalcante da Silva. We thank beekeeper Márcio Brazil for the pollen samples. This work was supported by the strategic programmer UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) funded by national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum

The chemical profile of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum has been indicated as the botanical origin of Brazilian red propolis, an apicultural product with proven therapeutic properties. However, few studies have investigated this plant species. This study evaluated and compared microbiological quality, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf samples of D. ecastaphyllum. The samples were collected in February 2015, in the southern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. We performed the microbiological analyses, determined the contents of fatty acid, total phenol and flavonoid, and identified the chemical profile and antioxidant activit. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and sulfite reducing clostridial spores were not detected in the samples. Acids of the family ω3 were recorded in the stems and ω6 in the leaves. The leaves presented better nutritional quality of the fraction, better antioxidant capacity in the tests by the DPPH method and β-carotene bleaching. There were 49 chemical compounds, of which 38 belonged to the class of flavonoids. The results indicate that stems and leaves of D. ecastaphyllum have biological properties. Leaves particularly are better for functional food formulation and as natural antioxidant.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Regeneration of 'Pera' sweet orange plants through in vitro organogenesis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer um protocolo eficiente de regeneração de plantas in vitro, via organogênese em explante juvenil de laranja 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), para atender futuros trabalhos de transformação genética. Segmentos de epicótilo utilizados como explantes foram introduzidos em meio de cultura MT. A fim de maximizar a regeneração de plantas in vitro, foram realizados experimentos para avaliar as concentrações de BAP no meio de cultivo (0, 1, 2, 3 ou 4 mg L-1), tamanho (0,25, 0,5 ou 1 cm), polaridade (basal, medial e apical), posição (horizontal ou vertical), condições de luminosidade (fotoperíodo de 16 horas e escuro por 30 dias) e seccionamento nas extremidades dos explantes, bem como melhores condições para garantir plantas enraizadas (meio MT, MT/2, com ou sem auxina e microenxertia). A combinação de 3 mg L-1 de BAP com segmentos de 0,25 cm de comprimento foi eficiente na resposta organogenética. Segmentos apicais e mediais apresentaram melhores resultados do que os basais. O cultivo dos segmentos na posição horizontal, em fotoperíodo de 16 horas, foi mais eficiente do que na posição vertical. Não houve melhora na indução da organogênese in vitro, quando foram seccionadas as extremidades dos explantes. A microenxertia assegurou 100% de brotos enraizados.The objective of this work was to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of plants through organogenesis of sweet orange 'Pera' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) juvenile explants, in order to give support for future studies of genetic transformation. Epicotyl segments used as explants were introduced in MT culture media. To maximize the regeneration of in vitro plants, experiments were performed to evaluate different concentrations of BAP in the culture media (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg L-1), size (0.25, 0.5 or 1 cm), polarity (basal, medium, and apical), position (horizontal or vertical), luminosity conditions (photoperiod of 16 hours, and darkness for 30 days), and incision of the segment ends. In addition, better conditions for obtaining rooted plants (culture media MT, MT/2, with and without auxin and micrografting) were studied. The combination of 3 mg L-1 BAP with segments of 0.25 cm length was efficient for the organogenetic response. Segment apices and mediums were more efficient comparing to the basal parts. Culturing the segments in the horizontal position, with a photoperiod of 16 hours, was more efficient than in the vertical position. There was no improvement in the induction of in vitro organogenesis, when the explant ends were incised. Micrografting assured 100% of rooted shoots

Pollen Spectrum and Trophic Niche Width of Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Highly Urbanized and Industrialized Sites

The floristic composition of an environment is important to ensure the trophic niche of bee species. Melipona scutellaris Latreille, is a typical stingless bee of Atlantic rainforest sites in northeastern Brazil, a region widely established in meliponaries for honey and pollen production. M. scutellaris is reared (meliponiculture) in rural and urban areas, where the species depends on the availability of different plants for nectar and pollen collection. In this study, we estimated food niche width, equitativity, and similarity between different colonies of M. scutellaris in highly urbanized and industrialized sites of the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. We analyzed pollen spectrum of 58 honey samples from six meliponaries, during 12 months. We identified 111 pollen types distributed in 28 plant families. The Fabaceae family showed the highest diversity in pollen types (33.33% of the total) and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia was the most frequent pollen type, found in 100% of the samples. M. scutellaris concentrated its foraging activity on a few trophic resources (H’ = 2.69 and J’ = 0.01) indicating a few melittophilous plant species belonging to the genera Eucalyptus, Mimosa, Protium, Serjania and Tapirira, should be managed on a regional scale to favor meliponiculture with this native bee species

Leaf geometric morphometrics among populations of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub.

Leaves are plant structures that express important traits of the environment where they live. Leaf description has allowed identification of plant species as well as investigation of abiotic factors effects on their development, such as gases, light, temperature, and herbivory. This study described populations of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum through leaf geometric morphometrics in Brazil. We evaluated 200 leaves from four populations. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first four principal components were responsible for 97.81% of variation. The non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance (NPMANOVA) indicated significant difference between samples (p = 0.0001). The Mentel test showed no correlation between geographical distances and shape. The canonical variate analysis (CVA) indicated that the first two variables were responsible for 96.77 % of total variation, while the cross-validation test showed an average of 83.33%. D. ecastaphyllum leaves are elliptical and ovate