STABILITY OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN Colossoma macropomum BLOOD STORED WITH DIFFERENT ANTICOAGULANTS

Hemograma é uma ferramenta de diagnóstico imprescindível na medicina humana e veterinárias. O recomendável é que as análises hematológicas ocorram pouco tempo após coleta do sangue. No entanto, há situações nas quais as amostras são coletadas em locais distantes dos laboratórios, fazendo-se necessário o armazenamento. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou a viabilidade das amostras de sangue coletado com ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético tripotássico – EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1/EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1/EDTAb), heparina de sódio (15 UI/ml) e citrato trissódico (3%) em tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, comparando os valores do hematócrito e hemoglobina armazenada em temperatura de refrigeração (4ºC). As amostras de sangue foram obtidas através da venopunção caudal e determinado o hematócrito (Ht) e a hemoglobina (Hb), durante 8 dias consecutivos com as análises realizadas em intervalo de 24 horas. Os resultados foram analisados através teste Tukey (5%). Não houve diferença estatística (p>0.05) entre os tempos nos parâmetros hematológicos. Entretanto, observou-se hemólise crescente ao longo do tempo em todas as amostras conservadas com citrato, iniciando horas pós coleta (HPC); no grupo EDTAa verificou-se hemólise em 100% das amostras em 192 HPC. Nas amostras com heparina verificou-se coágulo em 25%, 75%, 87,5% e 100% nos tempos de 2, 3, 4 e 6 dias de armazenagem respectivamente. Conclui-se que o anticoagulante citrato trissódico (3%) e heparina de sódio (15 UI/ml) não são recomendáveis para análises hematológicas em C. macropomum. O EDTA K3 10% na quantidade de 2.0 mg mL-1 foi a melhor opção testada nesse estudo, por apresentar estabilidade das amostras sob refrigeração, evitando hemólise e coagulação.                               PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Hematócrito, Tambaqui, Hemoglobin, Coagulação, Hemólise.El recuento sanguíneo es una herramienta de diagnóstico esencial para la medicina humana y veterinaria. Lo más recomendado es que los análisis hematológicos se realicen poco después de la extracción de sangre. Sin embargo, hay situaciones en las que las muestras se recolectan en lugares alejados de los laboratorios, lo que hace necesario el almacenamiento. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio evaluó la viabilidad de las muestras de sangre recolectadas con ácido tripotásico de etilendiamina tetraacético - EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1 / EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1 / EDTAb), heparina sodio (15 UI / ml) y citrato trisódico (3%) de tambaquis, Colossoma macropomum, comparando los valores de hematocrito y hemoglobina almacenados a temperatura refrigerada (4ºC). Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre mediante venopunción caudal y se determinaron hematocrito (Ht) y hemoglobina (Hb) durante 8 días consecutivos con análisis realizados a intervalos de 24 horas. Los resultados se analizaron utilizando la prueba de Tukey (5%). No hubo diferencia estadística (p> 0.05) entre los tiempos en los parámetros hematológicos. Sin embargo, se observó un aumento de la hemólisis con el tiempo en todas las muestras conservadas con citrato, horas de inicio después de la recolección (HPC); En el grupo EDTAa, se encontró hemólisis en el 100% de las muestras a 192 HPC. En las muestras con heparina hubo un coágulo en 25%, 75%, 87.5% y 100% en los períodos de 2, 3, 4 y 6 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Se concluye que el citrato trisódico anticoagulante (3%) y la heparina de sodio (15 UI / ml) no se recomiendan para el análisis hematológico en C. macropomum, ya que EDTA K3 10% en la cantidad de 2.0 mg mL-1, el mejor opción probada en este estudio, por apresentar muestras de estabilidad bajo refrigeración, evitando la hemólisis y la coagulación. PALABRAS CLAVES: Hematocrito, Tambaqui, Hemoglobina, Coagulación, Hemólisis. The blood count is an essential diagnostic tool for human and veterinary medicine. The most recommended is that hematological analyzes should take place shortly after blood collection. However, there are situations in which samples are collected in places far from the laboratories, making storage necessary. Thus, the present work evaluated the viability of blood samples collected with tripotassic ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid - EDTA k3 10% (1.3mg mL-1 / EDTAa), EDTA k3 10% (2.0 mg mL-1 / EDTAb), heparin sodium (15 IU / ml) and trisodium citrate (3%) of tambaquis, Colossoma macropomum, comparing the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin stored at refrigerated temperature (4ºC). Blood samples were obtained through caudal venipuncture and hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined for 8 consecutive days with analyzes performed at 24-hour intervals. The results were analyzed using the Tukey test (5%). There was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) between times in hematological parameters. However, increasing hemolysis was observed over time in all samples preserved with citrate, starting hours post collection (HPC); in the EDTAa group, hemolysis was found in 100% of the samples at 192 HPC. In the samples with heparin there was a clot in 25%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% in the periods of 2, 3, 4 and 6 days of storage respectively. It is concluded that the anticoagulant trisodium citrate (3%) and sodium heparin (15 IU / ml) are not recommended for hematological analysis in C. macropomum, since EDTA K3 10% in the amount of 2.0 mg mL-1, the best option tested in this study, for presenting samples stability under refrigeration, avoiding hemolysis and coagulation.KEYWORDS: Hematocrit, Tambaqui, Hemoglobin, Coagulation, Hemolysis

Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Can Halt and Even Reverse Renal Tubule-Interstitial Fibrosis

Background: The tubule-interstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of progressive renal disease and is strongly associated with inflammation of this compartment. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective molecule that has been shown to be beneficial in various models of renal injury. However, the role of HO-1 in reversing an established renal scar has not yet been addressed. Aim: We explored the ability of HO-1 to halt and reverse the establishment of fibrosis in an experimental model of chronic renal disease. Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and divided into two groups: non-treated and Hemin-treated. To study the prevention of fibrosis, animals were pre-treated with Hemin at days -2 and -1 prior to UUO. To investigate whether HO-1 could reverse established fibrosis, Hemin therapy was given at days 6 and 7 post-surgery. After 7 and/or 14 days, animals were sacrificed and blood, urine and kidney tissue samples were collected for analyses. Renal function was determined by assessing the serum creatinine, inulin clearance, proteinuria/creatininuria ratio and extent of albuminuria. Arterial blood pressure was measured and fibrosis was quantified by Picrosirius staining. Gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules, as well as HO-1 were performed. Results: Pre-treatment with Hemin upregulated HO-1 expression and significantly reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, inflammation and pro-fibrotic protein and gene expressions in animals subjected to UUO. Interestingly, the delayed treatment with Hemin was also able to reduce renal dysfunction and to decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, all in association with significantly reduced levels of fibrosis-related molecules and collagen deposition. Finally, TGF-beta protein production was significantly lower in Hemin-treated animals. Conclusion: Treatment with Hemin was able both to prevent the progression of fibrosis and to reverse an established renal scar. Modulation of inflammation appears to be the major mechanism behind HO-1 cytoprotection.Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP[07/07139-3]Coordenaco de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPESInstituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Complexos Fluidos (INCT)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNP

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Atlantic epiphyres: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest.

Epiphytes are hyper?diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non?vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer?reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non?vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non?vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events.Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-30T18:12:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019AnneteEcologyAtlanticEpiphytes.pdf: 6789870 bytes, checksum: ce2df25be3ecfcfb4b9744110f8fb4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019bitstream/item/197486/1/2019-Annete-Ecology-Atlantic-Epiphytes.pd