DOES AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING PROMOTE CHANGES IN STRUCTURAL AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE TENDONS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

To develop a systematic review to evaluate, through the best scientific evidence available, the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving the biomechanical characteristics of tendons in experimental animals. Two independent assessors conducted a systematic search in the databases Medline/PUBMED and Lilacs/BIREME, using the following descriptors of Mesh in animal models. The ultimate load of traction and the elastic modulus tendon were used as primary outcomes and transverse section area, ultimate stress and tendon strain as secondary outcomes. The assessment of risk of bias in the studies was carried out using the following methodological components: light/dark cycle, temperature, nutrition, housing, research undertaken in conjunction with an ethics committee, randomization, adaptation of the animals to the training and preparation for the mechanical test. Eight studies, comprising 384 animals, were selected; it was not possible to combine them into one meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the samples. There was a trend to increasing ultimate load without changes in the other outcomes studied. Only one study met more than 80% of the quality criteria. Physical training performed in a structured way with imposition of overloads seems to be able to promote changes in tendon structure of experimental models by increasing the ultimate load supported. However, the results of the influence of exercise on the elastic modulus parameters, strain, transverse section area and ultimate stress, remain controversial and inconclusive. Such a conclusion must be evaluated with reservation as there was low methodological control in the studies included in this review

Prognostic implications of the ID1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia patients treated in a resource-constrained setting

Introduction: The aberrant expression of the inhibitor of DNA binding (ID1) gene has been frequently associated with the leukemogenesis and prognostication acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although its clinical importance has never been investigated in patients treated outside well-controlled clinical trials. Methods: Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the role of the ID1 expression in the clinical outcomes of non-selected patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated in a real-life setting. Results: Overall, 128 patients were enrolled. Patients with high ID1 expression had a lower 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of 9%, with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) at 3 to 20%, compared to patients with a low ID1 expression (22%, 95%CI: 11 - 34%) (p = 0.037), although these findings did not retain significance after adjustment (hazard ratio (HR): 1.5, 95%CI: 0.98 - 2.28; p = 0.057). The ID1 expression had no impact on post-induction outcomes (disease-free survival, p = 0.648; cumulative incidence of relapse, p = 0.584). Conclusions: Although we are aware thar our data are confronted with many variables that cannot be fully controlled, including drug unavailability, risk-adapted treatment, comorbidities and the time from diagnosis to treatment initiation, we are firm believers that such an initiative can provide more realistic data on understudied populations, in particular those from low- and middle-income countries.</p

Avaliação do consumo de suplementação protéica em desportistas com foco em hipertrofia

Introduction: the practice of physical activity associated with an adequate diet improves the quality and life expectancy of individuals. Among the various types of physical exercises that exist strength training, for those who have as objective or gain muscle mass. Objective: to verify the prevalence of consumption of protein-based supplements, as well as to analyze the percentage of contribution of the diet via consumption of protein dietary supplements among physical activity practitioners that aim to hypertrophy in a gym in Natal-RN. Materials and Methods: carried out a cross-sectional and observational study involving physical exercise participants from a gym in Natal-RN. A questionnaire on the use of supplements was applied. Results: The sample was made up of 94 age groups from 20 to 59 years old with an average age of 30.2 years, 51.1% being male. Among the interviewees, 30.8% declared to use protein supplements. The most used protein supplement was Whey protein (96.5%). The daily recommendation for the analyzed population was 113g per day, with the consumption of supplements that reached 28g, equivalent to 25% of the HV. It can be concluded that the present study verified 30.8% of the use of protein supplements, with men using it more as women. An amount of protein consumed via a supplement of the study population is within the reference values ​​found for the purposes of sports practitioners.Introdução: a prática da atividade física associada a uma alimentação adequada melhora a qualidade e expectativa de vida dos indivíduos. Dentre os vários tipos de exercícios físicos que existem está o treinamento de força, para aqueles que têm como objetivo o ganho de massa muscular. Objetivo: verificar a prevalência do consumo de suplementos à base de proteínas, bem como analisar o percentual de contribuição de proteína diária via consumo de suplementos alimentares proteicos entre os praticantes de atividade física que tem como objetivo a hipertrofia em uma academia de ginástica em Natal-RN. Materiais e Métodos: realizou-se um estudo do tipo transversal e observacional cujos participantes foram praticantes de exercício físico de uma academia em Natal-RN. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre o uso de suplementos.&nbsp; Resultados: A amostra foi composta de 94 indivíduos de faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos com média de idade de 30,2 anos, sendo 51,1% do sexo masculino. Entre os entrevistados, 30,8% afirmaram fazer uso suplementos proteicos. O suplemento proteico mais utilizado foi o Whey protein (96,5%). Quanto à recomendação diária para a população analisada foi 113g ao dia, com o consumo de suplementos foi possível atingir 28g, equivalente a 25% do VD. Pode-se concluir que o presente estudo verificou 30,8% da amostra fazia uso de suplementos proteicos, sendo que os homens utilizam mais do que as mulheres. A quantidade de proteína consumida via suplemento pela população do estudo situa-se dentro dos valores de referência encontrados para o objetivo dos desportistas avaliados

Proteomic analysis of Chromobacterium violaceum and its adaptability to stress

Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) occurs abundantly in a variety of ecosystems, including ecosystems that place the bacterium under stress. This study assessed the adaptability of C. violaceum by submitting it to nutritional and pH stresses and then analyzing protein expression using bi-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and Maldi mass spectrometry. Chromobacterium violaceum grew best in pH neutral, nutrient-rich medium (reference conditions); however, the total protein mass recovered from stressed bacteria cultures was always higher than the total protein mass recovered from our reference culture. The diversity of proteins expressed (repressed by the number of identifiable 2-DE spots) was seen to be highest in the reference cultures, suggesting that stress reduces the overall range of proteins expressed by C. violaceum. Database comparisons allowed 43 of the 55 spots subjected to Maldi mass spectrometry to be characterized as containing a single identifiable protein. Stress-related expression changes were noted for C. violaceum proteins related to the previously characterized bacterial proteins: DnaK, GroEL-2, Rhs, EF-Tu, EF-P; MCP, homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, Arginine deiminase and the ATP synthase β-subunit protein as well as for the ribosomal protein subunits L1, L3, L5 and L6. The ability of C. violaceum to adapt its cellular mechanics to sub-optimal growth and protein production conditions was well illustrated by its regulation of ribosomal protein subunits. With the exception of the ribosomal subunit L3, which plays a role in protein folding and maybe therefore be more useful in stressful conditions, all the other ribosomal subunit proteins were seen to have reduced expression in stressed cultures. Curiously, C. violeaceum cultures were also observed to lose their violet color under stress, which suggests that the violacein pigment biosynthetic pathway is affected by stress. Analysis of the proteomic signatures of stressed C. violaceum indicates that nutrient-starvation and pH stress can cause changes in the expression of the C. violaceum receptors, transporters, and proteins involved with biosynthetic pathways, molecule recycling, energy production. Our findings complement the recent publication of the C. violeaceum genome sequence and could help with the future commercial exploitation of C. violeaceum

Um sistema de realidade virtual para treinamento de manutenção e estudo de uma unidade hidrelétrica de energia

Este artigo apresenta a concepção, projeto e implementação de um sistema educacional de realidade virtual desktop para o estudo e treinamento de procedimentos de manutenção de uma Unidade Hidrelétrica de Energia. Possui uma arquitetura modular o que o torna expansível e flexível para outras áreas de treinamento de manutenção. O sistema se subdivide em dois módulos funcionais principais: Educativo e Manutenção. O primeiro visa ambientar o treinando a estrutura e á s peças constituintes de uma Unidade Hidrelétrica de Energia nos seus vários níveis de detalhamento, bem como, suas informações gerais e técnicas. O módulo de manutenção dispõe de um programa de treinamento dividido em três modos: automático, guiado e exploratório. Os modos de treinamento apresentam ao treinando os procedimentos de manutenção de forma que este aumente gradativamente o seu envolvimento com o sistema.This article presents the inception, design and implementation of a virtual reality system for learning in maintenance of an hydroelectric energy unity. The system adopts a modular architecture what makes it expansive and flexible for other areas of training in assembly. The system is subdivided in two main functional modules: educative and maintenance. The first one aims to set trainee to the structure and to the constituent pieces of an hydroelectric energy unity in his several levels of detail as well its general and technical information. The maintenance module disposes a program of training divided in three modes: automatic, guided and exploratory. The mode of training presents to trainee the procedures of maintenance so that it increases gradually his involvement in the system.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Um sistema de realidade virtual para treinamento de manutenção e estudo de uma unidade hidrelétrica de energia

Este artigo apresenta a concepção, projeto e implementação de um sistema educacional de realidade virtual desktop para o estudo e treinamento de procedimentos de manutenção de uma Unidade Hidrelétrica de Energia. Possui uma arquitetura modular o que o torna expansível e flexível para outras áreas de treinamento de manutenção. O sistema se subdivide em dois módulos funcionais principais: Educativo e Manutenção. O primeiro visa ambientar o treinando a estrutura e á s peças constituintes de uma Unidade Hidrelétrica de Energia nos seus vários níveis de detalhamento, bem como, suas informações gerais e técnicas. O módulo de manutenção dispõe de um programa de treinamento dividido em três modos: automático, guiado e exploratório. Os modos de treinamento apresentam ao treinando os procedimentos de manutenção de forma que este aumente gradativamente o seu envolvimento com o sistema.This article presents the inception, design and implementation of a virtual reality system for learning in maintenance of an hydroelectric energy unity. The system adopts a modular architecture what makes it expansive and flexible for other areas of training in assembly. The system is subdivided in two main functional modules: educative and maintenance. The first one aims to set trainee to the structure and to the constituent pieces of an hydroelectric energy unity in his several levels of detail as well its general and technical information. The maintenance module disposes a program of training divided in three modes: automatic, guided and exploratory. The mode of training presents to trainee the procedures of maintenance so that it increases gradually his involvement in the system.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Genetic comparison of sickle cell anaemia cohorts from Brazil and the United States reveals high levels of divergence

Genetic analysis of admixed populations raises special concerns with regard to study design and data processing, particularly to avoid population stratification biases. The point mutation responsible for sickle cell anaemia codes for a variant hemoglobin, sickle hemoglobin or HbS, whose presence drives the pathophysiology of disease. Here we propose to explore ancestry and population structure in a genome-wide study with particular emphasis on chromosome 11 in two SCA admixed cohorts obtained from urban populations of Brazil (Pernambuco and Sao Paulo) and the United States (Pennsylvania). Ancestry inference showed different proportions of European, African and American backgrounds in the composition of our samples. Brazilians were more admixed, had a lower African background (43% vs. 78% on the genomic level and 44% vs. 76% on chromosome 11) and presented a signature of positive selection and Iberian introgression in the HbS region, driving a high differentiation of this locus between the two cohorts. The genetic structures of the SCA cohorts from Brazil and US differ considerably on the genome-wide, chromosome 11 and HbS mutation locus levels9CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP8367/2011-1; 150398/2013-1; 304455/2012-1; 310938/2014-7; 305218/2017-48367/2011-1; 150398/2013-1; 304455/2012-1; 310938/2014-7; 305218/2017-42008/57441-0; 2014/00984-3; 2012/06438-5; 2015/13152-9; 2008/10596-