Using segmented objects in ostensive video shot retrieval

This paper presents a system for video shot retrieval in which shots are retrieved based on matching video objects using a combination of colour, shape and texture. Rather than matching on individual objects, our system supports sets of query objects which in total reflect the user’s object-based information need. Our work also adapts to a shifting user information need by initiating the partitioning of a user’s search into two or more distinct search threads, which can be followed by the user in sequence. This is an automatic process which maps neatly to the ostensive model for information retrieval in that it allows a user to place a virtual checkpoint on their search, explore one thread or aspect of their information need and then return to that checkpoint to then explore an alternative thread. Our system is fully functional and operational and in this paper we illustrate several design decisions we have made in building it

Origin of spatial organization of DNA-polymer in bacterial chromosomes

In-vivo DNA organization at large length scales ($\sim 100nm$) is highly debated and polymer models have proved useful to understand the principle of DNA-organization. Here, we show that $<2$% cross-links at specific points in a ring polymer can lead to a distinct spatial organization of the polymer. The specific pairs of cross-linked monomers were extracted from contact maps of bacterial DNA. We are able to predict the structure of 2 DNAs using Monte Carlo simulations of the bead-spring polymer with cross-links at these special positions. Simulations with cross-links at random positions along the chain show that the organization of the polymer is different in nature from the previous case.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1701.0506

Studies on carbohydrate moieties of the glycoprotein, glucoamylase II of Aspergillus niger: nature of carbohydrate-peptide linkage and structure of oligosaccharides

Electrophoretically homogeneous type 1 (GP-C1 and GP-C2), type 2 (GP-C3a and GP-C3b,) and type 3 (GP-D1, and GP-D2) glycopeptides from Aspergillus niger glucoamylase II (Manjunath and Raghavendra Rao, preceding paper) were separately treated with alkaline borohydride. The (&#946;-eliminated oligosaccharides were subjected to single and sequential digestion with specific glycosidases and the products analysed by gas liquid chromatography. The studies revealed that carbohydrate moieties were present as mannose, Man-Man-, and trisaccharide structures, namely, (a) GIc-Man-Man-, (b) Gal-Man-Man, (c) Man-Man-Man-, (d) GlcNAc-Man-Man-, and (e) Xyl-Man-Man. None of the glycopeptides contained all the trisaccharide structures (a) to (e). Type 1 glycopeptide contained structures (a), (b) and (c); type 2, (a) and (d) and type 3, (a), (b) and (e). The number of carbohydrate units (mono-, di-and trisaccharides) present in the major glycopeptides was determined and tentative structures for the glycopeptides proposed. Carbohydrate units appeared to occur in clusters of 4 to 7 in each glycopeptide, a structure unique to the carbohydrate moiety in Aspergillus niger glucoamylase. Based on carbohydrate analysis and yields of glycopeptide, the number of units of each type of glycopeptide present in glucoamylase II was tentatively calculated to give two of type Man:Glc:Gal = 12-15:l:l, one of type Man:Glc:GlcN = 10-l1:1:2 and one of type Man :GIc :Gal:Xyl = 4-8:0.1:0.5-0.8:0.3-1 glycopeptides

SEROPREVALENCE AND GENOTYPING OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG HOSPITAL BASED GENERAL POPULATION IN VIJAYPUR, INDIA

Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. According to World Health Organization (WHO) there are 180 million people affected with HCV worldwide and about 12.5 million carriers in India. Genotypes of HCV can vary in pathogenecity and can impact on treatment outcome. Hence this study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence and different genotypes of HCV among hospital based general population in Vijaypur, Karnataka.Methods: Study subjects were those attending various Out-Patient Department (OPD) and In-Patient Department (IPD) of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Vijaypur, Karnataka. 5 ml of blood sample was aseptically collected in plain vial from the study subjects. Serum was separated and aliquoted in different vials. All the 1,200 serum samples were tested for HCV antibodies by third generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The serum samples positive by ELISA were tested for HCV RNA by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Serum samples positive for HCV RNA were subjected to geno typing by RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and direct sequencing.Results: Of the 1,200 samples tested, 32 (2.6%) were positive for anti-HCV antibody and 25 (2.1%) were positive for HCV RNA. HCV genotype 1 (68%) was found to be the most predominant type followed by genotype 3 (32%). The subtypes of genotype 1 were 1a and 1b, whereas subtypes of genotype 3 were 3a and 3b.Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HCV in this study was 2.6% and HCV genotype 1 and genotype 3 were found to be the predominant genotypes respectively. For physicians, knowing the genotype of hepatitis C virus is helpful in deciding type and duration of therapy. In addition, knowledge of circulating genotypes could impact on future vaccine formulations.Â

Comparative studies on glucoamylases from three fungal sources

Five commercial preparations of glucoamylases (three from Aspergillus niger, one each from Aspergillus foetidus and Aspergillus candidus) were purified by ultrafiltration, Sepharose-gel filtration and DEAE-sephadex chromatography. Two forms of the enzyme, namely glucoamylase I and glucoamylase II were obtained from the fungi except from one strain of A. Niger. All the enzymes appeared homogeneous by electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The specific activities varied between 85 and 142 units. The pH and temperature optima were between 4 and 5, and 60&#176;C respectively. The molecular weight as determined by the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ranged from 75,000 to 79,000 for glucoamylase I and 60,000 to 72,000 for glucoamylase II. Only A. niger glucoamylases contained phenylalanine at the N-terminal end. The amino acid composition of the enzymes was generally similar. However, A. niger and A. foetidus glucoamylases, in contrast to A. candidus enzymes, contained greater percentage of acidic than of basic amino acids. The enzymes contained 15 to 30% carbohydrate and 49 to 57 residues of monosaccharides per mol. A. niger enzymes contained mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose and glucosamine but the A. candidus enzyme lacked xylose and glucose and only xylose was absent in A, foetidus enzymes. Majority of the carbohydrate moieties were O-glycosidically linked through mannose to the hydroxyl groups of seline and threonine of the polypeptide chain

Encoder-Attention-Based Automatic Term Recognition (EA-ATR)

Automated Term Recognition (ATR) is the task of finding terminology from raw text. It involves designing and developing techniques for the mining of possible terms from the text and filtering these identified terms based on their scores calculated using scoring methodologies like frequency of occurrence and then ranking the terms. Current approaches often rely on statistics and regular expressions over part-of-speech tags to identify terms, but this is error-prone. We propose a deep learning technique to improve the process of identifying a possible sequence of terms. We improve the term recognition by using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) based embeddings to identify which sequence of words is a term. This model is trained on Wikipedia titles. We assume all Wikipedia titles to be the positive set, and random n-grams generated from the raw text as a weak negative set. The positive and negative set will be trained using the Embed, Encode, Attend and Predict (EEAP) formulation using BERT as embeddings. The model will then be evaluated against different domain-specific corpora like GENIA - annotated biological terms and Krapivin - scientific papers from the computer science domain

Studies on carbohydrate moieties of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase. II: Isolation, purification and characterization of glycopeptides

Six glycopeptide fractions namely GP-C1, GP-C2, GP-C3a, GP-C3b, GP-D, and GP-D2 were isolated after exhaustive digestion of glucoamylase II (Glucozyme) from Aspergillus niger with pronase. They were purified using gel-filtration. high-voltage paper electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex-50 and Dowex-1. They appeared homogeneous on electrophoresis under different conditions of pHs. The molecular weights ranged from 1600 and 4000 for these glycopeptides. Ally of them contained serine at the N-terminal end. Serine and threonine were the major amino acids with glycine, alanine, proline and tryosine present as minor constituents. Carbohydrate analysis revealed the presence of different sugars. Based on this, the glycopeptides were grouped into three types: (1) GP-C1 and GP-C2 containing mannose, glucose and galactose; (2) GP-C3a, and GP-C3b,containing mannose glucose and glucosamine; and (3) GP-D1 and GP-D2, containing mannose. glucose, galactose and xylose. Most sugar constituents in each glycopeptide occured in non-integral ratios implying a microheterogeneity of the carbohydrate moiety in Aspergillus niger glucoamylase II