Застава як спосіб забезпечення банківського кредиту за цивільним законодавством України

Мальцев Д. О. Застава як спосіб забезпечення банківського кредиту за цивільним законодавством України : автореф. дис. ... канд. юрид. наук : 12.00.03 / Д. О. Мальцев; кер. роботи О. С. Кізлова; Нац. ун.-т "Одеська юридична академія". – Одеса, 2005. – 20 с.Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.03 - цивільне право і цивільний процес; сімейне право; міжнародне приватне право. - Одеська національна юридична академія, Одеса, 2005. Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню правової природи застави як способу забезпечення банківського кредиту за цивільним законодавством України, аналізові концептуальних положень, виявленню їх певних недоліків та відпрацюванню рекомендацій щодо удосконалення інституту застави. Дослідження містить теоретичне узагальнення положень цивільного законодавства України при застосуванні застави як способу забезпечення банківського кредиту, що дозволило зробити висновки, які мають теоретичне значення і практичну цінність. З практичного погляду, застава означає наявність у банків прав на реалізацію предмета забезпечення кредиту з метою адекватного відшкодування заборгованості позичальника і збитків кредитора за кредитним договором у разі неспроможності позичальника сповна або частково (якщо є така домовленість) погасити кредит згідно з умовами кредитного договору. Враховуючи існуючі недоліки у цивільному законодавстві, розглянуто можливість підвищення ефективності регулювання особливостей окремих видів застави, визначено фактори, які зумовлюють ефективність цього виду застави, максимального розвитку правових засобів, за допомогою яких банки могли б реалізовувати своє право вимоги. Перший розділ “Банківське кредитування та способи його забезпечення” присвячено постановці проблеми, дослідженню питань, пов'язаних зі станом вивчення проблеми, методологічного підґрунтя дослідження та визначення його ключових понять. Другий розділ “Застосування застави у банківському кредитуванні” присвячений теоретичному та науковому аналізові загальної характеристики регулювання досліджуваного інституту застави у різні історичні періоди в різних правових системах, тенденції зміни норм, що стосуються правового регулювання заставних зобов'язань, якої підтримуються дослідники проблем. Детально проаналізовано з позиції чинного законодавства і правничої літератури специфіку окремих видів застави, правовий механізм реалізації прав кредиторів, основні правові вимоги, що пред'являються до договору застави за участю банків. У третьому розділі “Застосування іпотеки як способу забезпечення банківського кредиту” розкривається механізм регулювання питань іпотечного кредитування, детально проаналізовані підстави виникнення іпотеки та вимоги, що нею забезпечуються, формування нормативно-правової бази з питань іпотеки, аналізується ефективність використання іпотеки для вирішення соціально-економічних проблем, особливості іпотеки окремих видів майна, розглядаються порядок та умови випуску та обігу цінних паперів та їх похідних, які використовуються на ринку іпотеки.Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.03 - гражданское право и гражданский процесс; семейное право; международное частное право. - Одесская национальная юридическая академия, Одесса, 2005. Диссертация посвящена комплексному исследованию правовой природы залога как способа обеспечения банковского кредита в гражданском законодательстве Украины, анализу концептуальных положений, выявлению определенных недостатков и выработке • рекомендаций по совершенствованию института залога. Исследование содержит теоретическое обобщение положений гражданского законодательства Украины при применении залога как способа обеспечения банковского кредита, что позволило сделать выводы, которые имеют теоретическое значение и практическую ценность. С практической точки зрения, залог означает наличие у банков прав на реализацию предмета обеспечения кредита с целью адекватного возмещения задолженности заемщика и убытков кредитора по кредитному договору в случае несостоятельности заемщика полностью или частично (если есть такая договоренность) погасить кредит в соответствии с условиями кредитного договора. С учетом имеющихся недостатков в гражданском законодательстве, рассмотрена возможность повышения эффективности регулирования особенностей отдельных видов залога, определены факторы, которые обуславливают эффективность залога, максимального развития правовых способов, с помощью которых банки могли бы реализовать свое право требования. Первый раздел “Банковское кредитование и способы его обеспечения” посвящен становленню проблемы, исследования вопросов, связанных с состоянием изучения проблемы, методологического исследования и определения его ключевых понятий. Второй раздел “Применение залога в банковском кредитовании” посвящен теоретическому и научному анализу общей характеристики регулирования исследуемого института залога в разные исторические периоды в разных правовых системах, тенденции изменения норм, которые касаются правового регулирования залоговых обязательств. Детально проанализировано с позиции действующего законодательства и правовой литературы, специфику отдельных видов залога, правовой механизм реализации прав кредиторов, основные правовые требования, которые предъявляются к договору залога с участием банков. В третьем разделе “Применение ипотеки как способа обеспечения банковского кредита” раскрывается механизм регулирования вопросов ипотечного кредитования, детально проанализированы основания возникновения ипотеки и требования, которые обеспечиваются ипотекой, формирование нормативно-правовой базы по вопросам ипотеки, анализируется эффективность использования ипотеки для разрешения социально-экономических проблем, особенности ипотеки отдельных видов имущества, рассматривается порядок, условия выпуска и оборота ценных бумаг и их производных, которые используются на рынке ипотеки.A dissertation for taking the degree of Candidate of Law in the field of 12.00.03 - Civil Law and Civil Process; Family Law; International Private Law. -Odesa National Academy of Law, Odesa, 2005. The dissertation is devoted to a complex research into the legal nature of the pledge as means of provision of a bank credit under the Civil Legislation of Ukraine, an analysis of conceptual provisions, detecting their certain drawbacks and a development of recommendations with regard to the improvement of the institution of pledge. The research contains a theoretical generalization of the provisions of the civil legislation of Ukraine when using the pledge as means of provision of a bank credit which has allowed to draw conclusions having a theoretical importance and a practical value. From the practical point of view the pledge means banks' rights to realize the object of the credit security for the purpose of an adequate compensation for the borrower's debt and the creditor's loss under a particular contract in case of the borrower's inability to repay the credit in full or in parts (if agreed) under the terms of the credit contract. Taking into account the drawbacks existing in the Civil Legislation the author has considered a possibility of improvement of the efficiency of regulating the peculiarities of separate types of pledges and has determined the factors underlying the efficiency of this type of pledge and a maximum development of legal means that could be used by banks to realize their claims. The first section “Bank Crediting and Means of Its provision” is devoted to a formulation of the problem, a research into the matters related to the status of the problem investigation, a methodological foundation of the research and a determination of its key notions. The second section “Application of the Pledge in Bank Crediting” is devoted to a theoretical and scientific analysis of the general characteristic of regulating the studied institute of pledge in various historical periods in various legal systems, tendencies of changes of the norms concerning the legal regulation of pledge obligations that is adhered to by investigators of problems. The specificity of certain types of the pledge, a legal mechanism of the creditors' rights exercising and main legal requirements to a pledge contract with banks are analyzed in detail from the point of view of the current legislation and the legal literature. The third section “Application of Mortgage as Means of Provision of the Bank Credit” shows a mechanism of regulating mortgage lending matters, provides a detailed analysis of the grounds for emergence of the mortgage and the requirements ensured by same as well as the formation of a mortgage laws basis. The work also analyses the efficiency of using the mortgage for settlement of social and economic problems, peculiarities of the mortgage of certain types of property; it also deals with the procedure and conditions of the issue and circulation of securities and their derivatives used on the mortgage market

SIMULACIJA PROCESA PRANJA POLIMETALNIH RUDA POMOĆU TEOREMA SLIČNOSTI

The use of similarity theorems for simulation of the technological process of mineral extraction is considered. The list of parameters that significantly influence the process of underground leaching of minerals is defined. Using these parameters and fundamental laws of physics and chemistry, mathematical functions are determined to describe the processes’ behaviour under these conditions. The obtained mathematical functions make it possible to develop a computer model of polymetallic ores leaching. This allows for the prediction of the volume of extracted concentrate with minerals from the ore mass with the associated compounds. The obtained results of calculations showed a change in the volume of minerals extracted from the rock mass depending on the mass of the working agent, the volume of leached ore and the solvent percolation rate. The results of the research can be used at mining enterprises to extract polymetallic ores by underground leaching. Also, they allow for the estimation of the economic issues from mining the ore reserves.Razmatrana je uporaba teorema sličnosti za simulaciju tehnološkoga procesa ekstrakcije minerala. Definiran je popis parametara koji znatno utječu na proces podzemnoga pranja minerala. Koristeći se tim parametrima i temeljnim zakonima fizike i kemije, određuju se matematičke funkcije koje opisuju ponašanje procesa u tim uvjetima. Dobivene matematičke funkcije omogućuju razvoj računalnoga modela pranja polimetalnih ruda te je moguće procijeniti volumen ekstrahiranoga mineralnog koncentrata iz rudne mase s pripadajućim spojevima. Dobiveni rezultati proračuna pokazali su promjenu volumena ekstrahiranih minerala iz stijenske mase ovisno o količini radnoga agensa, volumenu oprane rude i brzini cijeđenja otapala. Rezultati istraživanja mogu se koristiti u rudarskim pogonima za ekstrakciju polimetalnih ruda podzemnim pranjem. Također omogućuju preliminarnu procjenu ekonomskih izazova kod eksploatacije rudnih rezervi

DETERMINATION OF LEACHING PARAMETER VALUES BY UNDERGROUND MINING METHODS FROM POOR AND EXTREMELY POOR ORES USING SIMILARITY THEOREM

Determination of technological parameters of leaching processes of poor and extremely poor uranium ores by similarity theorems

SOME ASPECTS OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF MINERAL MINING TECHNOLOGIES

Ponekad je u rudarstvu nužno uporabiti različite tehnologije pridobivanja i ekstrakcije u istome rudniku. Zbog toga su analizirani različiti znanstveni i tehnički vidovi rudarskih operacija te tehnologija rudarenja, poglavito s obzirom na dva različita tehnološka pristupa. Dodatne tehnologije omogućile su uvođenje dodatnih rezervi u proizvodnju, a rezultat su predloženoga algoritma za određivanje tehnoloških parametara. On uključuje kriterije kojima se opisuju sličnosti radnih zadataka i tehnologija, s ciljem održavanja isplativoga pridobivanja rude. Svi su postupci pri tomu grupirani prema stupnju istraženosti te izvodljivosti i ekonomskoj isplativosti. Za svaku su od njih, eksperimentalno u dva slučaja (pridobivanje urana i ugljena) kada su tehnologije kombinirane, određeni odgovarajući koeficijenti. Oni su omogućili procjenu izvodljivosti tih rudarskih operacija. Iz njih je deriviran opći koeficijent kompatibilnosti (sličnosti) koji upućuje na izvodljivost operacija u slučajevima kada se uvode dodatne tehnologije rudarenja. Dodatno se takva metodologija može uporabiti za procjenu koncentracije rude na odlagalištima jalovine, a posebice kod izračuna koncentracije željeza, i to bez dodatnoga uzorkovanja.Sometimes in mining it is necessary to combine different extracting technologies within one enterprise. So, in the paper the analysis of scientific and technical mining operations with combined technologies is carried out, the search for structure and their operation in the mining enterprise is performed. The processes and technological parameters of mineral extraction by two fundamentally different technologies are investigated in detail. Due of the introduction of additional technologies, it is possible to involve sub-standard reserves in the production process, an algorithm for determining the technological parameters is developed. This algorithm consists of criteria that make it possible to find compatibility of the work of one or more development technologies while maintaining an effective level of extraction. To do this, all processes at the enterprise are grouped: by degree of exploration, feasibility and economic efficiency. For each of them, certain coefficients were determined on the example of the operation of two specific combined technologies: the extraction of uranium ores and coal. For each group of criteria, certain coefficients are identified that allow assessing the feasibility of applying technology in their area. Their product is a general coefficient of compatibility, which shows the feasibility of introducing additional technology at the enterprise with the feasibility study. It defines the amount of funds invested in the development of an enterprise to achieve efficient mineral extraction with combined technologies within one enterprise. This point can be used to predict the grade variability of stockpiles from the origin source and the methodology allows characterizing the iron grades within stockpiles without any extra sampling

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the J/ψ pair production cross-section in pp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13 TeV

The production cross-section of J/ψ pairs is measured using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 279 ±11 pb$^{−1}$. The measurement is performed for J/ψ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than 10 GeV/c in the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. The production cross-section is measured to be 15.2 ± 1.0 ± 0.9 nb. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the J/ψ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions.The production cross-section of $J/\psi$ pairs is measured using a data sample of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13 \,{\mathrm{TeV}}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $279 \pm 11 \,{\mathrm{pb^{-1}}}$. The measurement is performed for $J/\psi$ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than $10 \,{\mathrm{GeV}}/c$ in the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$. The production cross-section is measured to be $15.2 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.9 \,{\mathrm{nb}}$. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the $J/\psi$ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions

Measurement of forward W→eνW\to e\nu production in pppp collisions at s=8 \sqrt{s}=8\,TeV

A measurement of the cross-section for $W \to e\nu$ production in $pp$ collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $2\,$fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8\,$TeV. The electrons are required to have more than $20\,$GeV of transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The inclusive $W$ production cross-sections, where the $W$ decays to $e\nu$, are measured to be \begin{align*} \begin{split} \sigma_{W^{+} \to e^{+}\nu_{e}}&=1124.4\pm 2.1\pm 21.5\pm 11.2\pm 13.0\,\mathrm{pb},\\ \sigma_{W^{-} \to e^{-}\bar{\nu}_{e}}&=\,\,\,809.0\pm 1.9\pm 18.1\pm\,\,\,7.0\pm \phantom{0}9.4\,\mathrm{pb}, \end{split} \end{align*} where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination. Differential cross-sections as a function of the electron pseudorapidity are measured. The $W^{+}/W^{-}$ cross-section ratio and production charge asymmetry are also reported. Results are compared with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Finally, in a precise test of lepton universality, the ratio of $W$ boson branching fractions is determined to be \begin{align*} \begin{split} \mathcal{B}(W \to e\nu)/\mathcal{B}(W \to \mu\nu)=1.020\pm 0.002\pm 0.019, \end{split} \end{align*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.A measurement of the cross-section for $W \to e\nu$ production in $pp$ collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $2\,$fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8\,$TeV. The electrons are required to have more than $20\,$GeV of transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The inclusive $W$ production cross-sections, where the $W$ decays to $e\nu$, are measured to be \begin{equation*} \sigma_{W^{+} \to e^{+}\nu_{e}}=1124.4\pm 2.1\pm 21.5\pm 11.2\pm 13.0\,\mathrm{pb}, \end{equation*} \begin{equation*} \sigma_{W^{-} \to e^{-}\bar{\nu}_{e}}=\,\,\,809.0\pm 1.9\pm 18.1\pm\,\,\,7.0\pm \phantom{0}9.4\,\mathrm{pb}, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination. Differential cross-sections as a function of the electron pseudorapidity are measured. The $W^{+}/W^{-}$ cross-section ratio and production charge asymmetry are also reported. Results are compared with theoretical predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Finally, in a precise test of lepton universality, the ratio of $W$ boson branching fractions is determined to be \begin{equation*} \mathcal{B}(W \to e\nu)/\mathcal{B}(W \to \mu\nu)=1.020\pm 0.002\pm 0.019, \end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.A measurement of the cross-section for W → eν production in pp collisions is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2 fb$^{−1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV. The electrons are required to have more than 20 GeV of transverse momentum and to lie between 2.00 and 4.25 in pseudorapidity. The inclusive W production cross-sections, where the W decays to eν, are measured to be ${\sigma}_{W^{+}\to {e}^{+}{\nu}_e}=1124.4\pm 2.1\pm 21.5\pm 11.2\pm 13.0\kern0.5em \mathrm{p}\mathrm{b},$ ${\sigma}_{W^{-}\to {e}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_e}=809.0\pm 1.9\pm 18.1\pm \kern0.5em 7.0\pm \kern0.5em 9.4\,\mathrm{p}\mathrm{b},$ where the first uncertainties are statistical, the second are systematic, the third are due to the knowledge of the LHC beam energy and the fourth are due to the luminosity determination