Frontinus and Domitian: the politics of the Strategemata

Frontins Darstellung von Domitian als vorbildliche Figur in den Strategemata zeigt seine Teilhabe an der Propaganda für Domitians Krieg gegen die Chatten im Jahr 83, in dem er auch diente. Frontin schrieb die Strategemata in diesem Kontext (und nicht später), um aus dieser Propaganda und seiner eigenen Nähe zu Domitian Kapital zu schlagen und seinen eigenen Status als Autorität auf dem Gebiet der Militärstrategie zu steigern. Nach Domitians Tod schloss sich Frontin den lautstarken Reaktionen von Zeitgenossen wie Plinius oder Tacitus nicht an. Als wichtiger Faktor in Trajans Kaisererhebung war Frontin zu mächtig, um sein Verhalten in der Vergangenheit rechtfertigen zu müssen.Frontinus’ presentation of Domitian as an exemplary figure in the Strategemata demonstrates his participation in the propaganda for Domitian’s Chattan war of 83, in which he also served. Frontinus composed the Strategemata in this context (rather than later) to capitalise on that propaganda and his own proximity to Domitian to enhance his status as an authoritative author on military strategy. Frontinus did not fall in with the vocal reaction of contemporaries such as Pliny and Tacitus to Domitian after his death. Instrumental in Trajan’s accession, Frontinus was too powerful a figure to need to excuse his past conduct.tbaLa présentation de Domitien comme une figure exemplaire que fait Frontin dans ses Strategemata démontre son implication dans la propagande impériale dans la campagne contre les Chattes de 83, campagne à laquelle il a également participé. Frontin rédigea les Strategemata dans ce contexte (plutôt que plus tard) et profita de cette propagande et de sa proximité avec Domitien pour mettre en valeur son statut d’auteur d’autorité en matière de stratégie militaire. Frontin n’est pas associé aux réactions vocales pour Domitien après sa mort, comme ce fut le cas pour ses contemporains Pline et Tacite. Contribuant à l’ascension de Trajan, Frontin était une figure trop puissante pour devoir justifier ses actions passées.tb

Seeking refuge : findings from an evaluation of the 'running - other choices' refuge

Each year, a significant number of children and young people run away from, or are forced to leave, home. Research conducted by Wade (2001) estimated that approximately 9000 children run away from home in Scotland each year, with family conflict, abuse and problems at home cited as the main reasons. Rees and Lee (2005) indicated that one in six young runaways sleep rough, and one in 12 young runaways are hurt or harmed while running away. Alarmingly, Wade (2001) estimated that one in six young runaways in Scotland have been physically or sexually assaulted whilst away from home

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study

Introduction: BokSmart has disseminated Graduated Return-to-Play (GRTP) guidelines for concussions management to all, but specifically coaches, in South Africa. Medical clearance before returning to play (RTP) is poorly adhered to in the GRTP steps. This study explored barriers to compliance with medical clearance prior to RTP.Methods: Players who suffered a concussion during the 2014/2015 South African Rugby Youth Week Tournaments were followed-up telephonically until RTP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore enablers/barriers to seeking/not seeking medical clearance before RTP.Results: Of those who did not seek medical clearance (47%), 80% indicated that the player/parent or coach felt this was unnecessary. Of those who did seek medical clearance, 65% reported they were instructed to do so either by the tournament doctor who diagnosed the injury or by the school coach.Conclusion: Besides coaches, parents and medical doctors have an important influence on players’ RTP behaviour. The findings of this pilot study need to be repeated in a larger cohort.Keywords: injury management, head injury, youth, football, South Afric

‘He's a Cracking Wee Geezer from Pakistan’: Lay Accounts of Refugee Integration Failure and Success in Scotland

Previous research on the integration of asylum seekers and refugees has aimed to develop conceptual frameworks for understanding integration or to measure the extent to which people are integrated. However, this research tends to pay insufficient attention to the rhetorical functions of integration discourse. The current study addresses this gap through a discursive analysis of ‘lay’ accounts of asylum seeker and refugee integration in Glasgow, Scotland. The analysis highlights that accounts of integration ‘failure’ may support ‘two-way’ conceptions of integration while still blaming asylum seekers for any lack of integration. Furthermore, accounts of integration ‘success’ may reinforce assimilationist policies or otherwise function to reinforce the view that adult asylum seekers generally do not integrate. The analysis highlights the importance of attending to the rhetorical functions of integration discourse in order to understand how particular policies and practices are supported or criticised at the community level at which integration takes place

Evaluating the impact of pyrethroid insecticide resistance on reproductive fitness in Sitobion avenae

Resistance to insecticides used to control pests is an issue of increasing concern for agriculture. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is a pest of cereals and grasses worldwide, and one of growing concern due to the evolution of resistance to certain insecticides. Resistance confers benefits to insects by enabling them to survive exposure to insecticide compounds; however, the mutations conferring resistance may also penalise the insect in pesticide-free environments due to fitness costs associated with the new phenotype. Here we tested the hypothesis of a reproductive penalty linked to the knockdown resistance mutation (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. The mutation occurs predominantly in a single SA3 clone. To date, only heterozygous-resistant forms (kdr-SR) have been detected in populations in Ireland and the UK, and this suggests that a fitness penalty may preclude the formation of both male and female heterozygous-resistant sexual forms. By designing an experiment which included a resistant and a non-resistant clone, we were able to simulate reduced daylight and temperature conditions which, in nature, trigger sexual reproduction and therefore study the responses of each clone. This allowed us to detect the switch from asexual females to sexual females and males and report on the conditions associated with the production of sexual forms. The results showed that both aphid clones were able to produce sexual forms with no difference in the onset of sexual reproduction, although reproductive strategies differed between clones. The later onset of male forms in the SA3 clone may decrease the likelihood of mating interactions to create fully resistant (kdr-RR) genotypes and this may constitute a fitness penalty due to pyrethroid resistance

The Performing Arts Data Service.

The Performing Arts Data Service (PADS), funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) and based at the University of Glasgow, aims to support research and teaching in UK Higher Education by collecting and promoting the use of digital data relating to the performing arts: music, film, broadcast arts, theatre and dance. The PADS is one of 5 service providers of the Arts and Humanities Data Service (AHDS) which will provide a single gateway for arts and humanities scholars wishing to search for datasets across various discipline areas. Data is indexed with Dublin Core metadata, will interoperate with other databases within the AHDS and beyond, and will be available via the Web

Genomic resources for Myzus persicae: EST sequencing, SNP identification, and microarray design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The green peach aphid, <it>Myzus persicae </it>(Sulzer), is a world-wide insect pest capable of infesting more than 40 plant families, including many crop species. However, despite the significant damage inflicted by <it>M. persicae </it>in agricultural systems through direct feeding damage and by its ability to transmit plant viruses, limited genomic information is available for this species.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sequencing of 16 <it>M. persicae </it>cDNA libraries generated 26,669 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Aphids for library construction were raised on <it>Arabidopsis thaliana</it>, <it>Nicotiana benthamiana</it>, <it>Brassica oleracea, B. napus</it>, and <it>Physalis floridana </it>(with and without <it>Potato leafroll virus </it>infection). The <it>M. persicae </it>cDNA libraries include ones made from sexual and asexual whole aphids, guts, heads, and salivary glands. <it>In silico </it>comparison of cDNA libraries identified aphid genes with tissue-specific expression patterns, and gene expression that is induced by feeding on <it>Nicotiana benthamiana</it>. Furthermore, 2423 genes that are novel to science and potentially aphid-specific were identified. Comparison of cDNA data from three aphid lineages identified single nucleotide polymorphisms that can be used as genetic markers and, in some cases, may represent functional differences in the protein products. In particular, non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a highly expressed gut protease may be of adaptive significance for <it>M. persicae </it>feeding on different host plants. The Agilent eArray platform was used to design an <it>M. persicae </it>oligonucleotide microarray representing over 10,000 unique genes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>New genomic resources have been developed for <it>M. persicae</it>, an agriculturally important insect pest. These include previously unknown sequence data, a collection of expressed genes, molecular markers, and a DNA microarray that can be used to study aphid gene expression. These resources will help elucidate the adaptations that allow <it>M. persicae </it>to develop compatible interactions with its host plants, complementing ongoing work illuminating plant molecular responses to phloem-feeding insects.</p