Inoculation and bacterial analyses of fractions obtained from the reference inoculum TEC4 which experimentally reproduces epizootic rabbit enteropathy

[EN] The aetiology of epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) is still unknown despite ten years of continuous research. A putative bacterial aetiology is the basis of current research. The fractionation of the reference inoculum (TEC4) is a major step towards finding the potential bacterial agent(s). In this study, TEC4 was fractionated by different techniques: centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradient, cell adherence and chloroform/ethanol treatment. The different fractions were inoculated into SPF rabbits and analyzed with classical bacteriological techniques. ERE was reproduced with two of the six fractions obtained. Four species never previously cultured from TEC were identified in the process but, to date, none of them seems to be the aetiology of ERE.This work was supported by a Grant from the «Service Publique Fédéral Santé Publique, sécurité de la chaîne alimentaire et environnement: Division Recherche contractuelle», contract RT 06/7 MINRABBIT. N. Huybens is a PhD fellow of the “Fonds pour la formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture” (F.R.I.A.).Huybens, N.; Houeix, J.; Licois, D.; Mainil, J.; Marlier, D. (2009). Inoculation and bacterial analyses of fractions obtained from the reference inoculum TEC4 which experimentally reproduces epizootic rabbit enteropathy. World Rabbit Science. 17(4):185-193. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2009.64318519317

Pengaruh Penggunaan Katup Ekspansi Jenis Kapiler dan Termostatik terhadap Tekanan dan Temperatur pada Mesin Pendingin Siklus Kompresi Uap Hibrida Menggunakan Refrigeran 22

Hybrid system is the system that can increase the energy efficiency by recovering waste energy of energy conversion machine. This research aims to investigate the vapor compression refrigeration machine performance that obtained by using capillary expansion valve, thermostatic expansion valve, and addition of hotspot water heater (HWH). The test was conducted with four variations of test, such as using capillary in standard condition, using thermostatic in standard condition, using capillary with HWH, and using thermostatic with HWH. The pressure and temperature data were collected in every 5 minutes during 120 minutes of operation. The results showed that the compressor pressures when using capillary and thermostatic types of expansion valve in standard condition were obtained at 340 Psia and 350 Psia. Meanwhile, the compressor pressures when using HWH addition were obtained at 350 Psia and 291 Psia. The capillary expansion valve pressures in standard condition and with HWH were increased by 4.50 % and 11.13 % respectively to the thermostatic pressures. The compressor temperatures using capillary in standard condition decreased by 4.03 %, but using capillary in HWH condition increased by 1.60 % to the thermostatic temperatures. The inlet temperature of HWH coil using thermostatic was increased by 2.31 % to the temperature of coil while using capillary. Meanwhile, the outlet temperature was decreased by 11.22 %

Les persifleurs moralistes : Moncrif, Duclos et Crébillon témoins de leur temps

L’intérêt des conteurs pour le persiflage, loin de relever du simple effet de mode, souligne la capacité du conte à faire de la fiction un dispositif de questionnement. Moncrif en 1738, Crébillon en 1742, Duclos en 1744, en articulant l’observation sociale, linguistique et morale, mettent au jour les enjeux du persiflage, au croisement de la philosophie et de la science des mœurs. Ils croisent sur leur route Rousseau, qui du Persifleur à l’Essai sur l’origine des langues, s’est penché sur l’influence réciproque et les enjeux politiques de l’évolution de la langue, des comportements et des pratiques discursives.Moralizing Persiflage: Moncrif, Duclos and Crébillon Witnesses of their Times This article analyses how, far from being a simple fad, “persiflage” was used by story-tellers, novelists and authors of novellas or libertine fairy tales, to turn fiction into a process of questioning. Moncrif in 1738, Crébillon in 1742, and Duclos in 1744 articulated social, linguistic and moral observations, revealing as a consequence the stakes of persiflage. While doing so, their paths came across that of J.-J. Rousseau who, from the Persifleur to his Essay on the Origin of Languages, dealt with the reciprocal influences and the political stakes of the evolution of languages, of mores, and of discursive practices

Pathophysiological changes occurring during Escherichia coli endotoxin and Pasteurella multocida challenge in piglets: relationship with cough and temperature and predicitive value for intensity of lesions.

The aims of this study were (1) to correlate cough and body temperature (BT) with the severity of bronchopneumonia in pigs, (2) to determine whether these clinical signs can be used to early diagnose bronchopneumonia and (3) to assess the predictive values of cough and BT regarding lung lesions. Bronchopneumonia was induced by administering E. coli endotoxin (LPS) combined with Pasteurella multocida type A (PmA) in the trachea of 13 piglets. Saline-instilled negative controls (n = 8), PmA inoculated (n = 6) and LPS instilled (n = 5) groups were also constituted. Cough and BT were recorded daily while the bronchopneumonia severity was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, cytokines and measurement of lung lesion volume. Changes in expiratory breathing pattern were also measured (Penh). The combination of LPS and PmA induced a subacute bronchopneumonia characterised by macrophage, neutrophil, and lymphocyte infiltration, changes in Penh and an increase in the mRNA level of IFN-gamma while IL8, IL-18 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels remained unchanged. The daily body weight gain of infected animals was significantly reduced. Cough and BT changes were proportional to the intensity of the lung inflammatory process, functional respiratory changes and to the extent of macroscopic lesions. When comparing the individual values of cough and BT to thresholds defined for both parameters, an early diagnosis of pneumonia was possible. Considering the pooled data of each group, it was possible to define thresholds allowing an early segregation between the groups of diseased and healthy piglets. The daily values of cough and BT were predictive for the volume of lung lesions recorded at the end of the trial. In conclusion, cough and BT appear as potential indicators for the intensity and the evolution of the respiratory disease. They also seem to be good predictors for the magnitude of lung lesions and weight gain recorded at the study endpoint

Survival of Chondrocytes in Rabbit Septal Cartilage After Electromechanical Reshaping

Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) has been recently described as an alternative method for reshaping facial cartilage without the need for incisions or sutures. This study focuses on determining the short- and long-term viability of chondrocytes following EMR in cartilage grafts maintained in tissue culture. Flat rabbit nasal septal cartilage specimens were bent into semi-cylindrical shapes by an aluminum jig while a constant electric voltage was applied across the concave and convex surfaces. After EMR, specimens were maintained in culture media for 64 days. Over this time period, specimens were serially biopsied and then stained with a fluorescent live–dead assay system and imaged using laser scanning confocal microscopy. In addition, the fraction of viable chondrocytes was measured, correlated with voltage, voltage application time, electric field configuration, and examined serially. The fraction of viable chondrocytes decreased with voltage and application time. High local electric field intensity and proximity to the positive electrode also focally reduced chondrocyte viability. The density of viable chondrocytes decreased over time and reached a steady state after 2–4 weeks. Viable cells were concentrated within the central region of the specimen. Approximately 20% of original chondrocytes remained viable after reshaping with optimal voltage and application time parameters and compared favorably with conventional surgical shape change techniques such as morselization