The advantages of semiochemical-based attract and kill techniques in insect pest management.

Introduction: Semiochemicals (chemicals impacting insect behavior) have been employed in species-specific, ecologically friendly insect pest control strategies through a wide variety of mechanisms, many of which do not require the application of conventional insecticides. These include mating disruption?application of sex pheromones in such a way that male insects are unable to locate a female mate, reducing the size of the pest population in the treated area over time?mass trapping, and repellency. However, semiochemical attractants can also be used in combination with small amounts of chemical toxicants, a strategy called attract and kill (A&K)

The Structure of n-Point One-Loop Open Superstring Amplitudes

In this article we present the worldsheet integrand for one-loop amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric superstring theory involving any number n of massless open string states. The polarization dependence is organized into the same BRST invariant kinematic combinations which also govern the leading string correction to tree level amplitudes. The dimensions of the bases for both the kinematics and the associated worldsheet integrals is found to be the unsigned Stirling number S_3^{n-1} of first kind. We explain why the same combinatorial structures govern on the one hand finite one-loop amplitudes of equal helicity states in pure Yang Mills theory and on the other hand the color tensors at quadratic alpha prime order of the color dressed tree amplitude.Comment: 75 pp, 8 figs, harvmac TeX, v2: published versio

The advantages of semiochemical-based attract and kill techniques in insect pest management: agricultural case studies.

Introduction: While the advantages of semiochemical-based pest control technologies over traditional insecticides are well-documented (reduced hazards to non-targets and the environment, lower risk of resistance, etc.), many strategies employing these behavior-manipulating compounds to protect agricultural crops are relegated to small niche markets,due to their limited applicability. Since most semiochemicals are species-specific, they can usually target only one pest at a time. However, this is not always the case, as we will demonstrate through this discussion of four of ISCA Technologies? attract and kill (A&K) formulations

Pedogênese de uma sequência de solos Podzólicos abruptos desenvolvidos do arenito Pirambóia na região de Piracicaba, SP.

O presente trabalho aborda a formação de solos com gradiente textural abrupto e tem por objetivo compreender os processos pedogenéticos, verificar as transformações mineralógicas e suas implicações sobre os atributos físicos e químicos do solo

Caracterização de uma toposequência desenvolvida de arenito da Formação Pirambóia, Piracicaba-SP, e tentativa de enquadramento no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos.

O objetivo do presente estudo é caracterizar uma topossequência de solos com gradiente textural abrupto e enquadrá-los no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos

Semiochemical attractants for fruit flies of agricultural importance.

Introduction: Fruit flies are among the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide. To combat their devastating impacts on a wide variety of crops, most growers rely on organophosphate insecticides to manage these pests in their fields. Overuse of organophosphates has been implicated in secondary pest outbreaks, negative impacts on beneficial insects, environmental contamination, hazards to human health, and resistance development. With increasingly stringent regulations limiting use of these insecticides, growers have been challenged with finding more effective, sustainable fruit fly control techniques

Basics of Generalized Unitarity

We review generalized unitarity as a means for obtaining loop amplitudes from on-shell tree amplitudes. The method is generally applicable to both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric amplitudes, including non-planar contributions. Here we focus mainly on N=4 Yang-Mills theory, in the context of on-shell superspaces. Given the need for regularization at loop level, we also review a six-dimensional helicity-based superspace formalism and its application to dimensional and massive regularizations. An important feature of the unitarity method is that it offers a means for carrying over any identified tree-level property of on-shell amplitudes to loop level, though sometimes in a modified form. We illustrate this with examples of dual conformal symmetry and a recently discovered duality between color and kinematics.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figures. Invited review for a special issue of Journal of Physics A devoted to "Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theories", R. Roiban(ed), M. Spradlin(ed), A. Volovich(ed

Scattering equations, supergravity integrands, and pure spinors

The tree-level S-matrix of type II supergravity can be computed in scattering equation form by correlators in a worldsheet theory analogous to a chiral, infinite tension limit of the pure spinor formalism. By defining a non-minimal version of this theory, we give a prescription for computing correlators on higher genus worldsheets which manifest spacetime supersymmetry. These correlators are conjectured to provide the loop integrands of supergravity scattering amplitudes, supported on the scattering equations. We give nontrivial evidence in support of this conjecture at genus one and two with four external states. Throughout, we find a close correspondence with the pure spinor formalism of superstring theory, particularly regarding regulators and zero-mode counting

Generic multiloop methods and application to N=4 super-Yang-Mills

We review some recent additions to the tool-chest of techniques for finding compact integrand representations of multiloop gauge-theory amplitudes - including non-planar contributions - applicable for N=4 super-Yang-Mills in four and higher dimensions, as well as for theories with less supersymmetry. We discuss a general organization of amplitudes in terms of purely cubic graphs, review the method of maximal cuts, as well as some special D-dimensional recursive cuts, and conclude by describing the efficient organization of amplitudes resulting from the conjectured duality between color and kinematic structures on constituent graphs.Comment: 42 pages, 18 figures, invited review for a special issue of Journal of Physics A devoted to "Scattering Amplitudes in Gauge Theories", v2 minor corrections, v3 added reference

Tree amplitudes of noncommutative U(N) Yang-Mills Theory

Following the spirit of S-matrix program, we proposed a modified Britto-Cachazo-Feng-Witten recursion relation for tree amplitudes of noncommutative U(N) Yang-Mills theory. Starting from three-point amplitudes, one can use this modified BCFW recursion relation to compute or analyze color-ordered tree amplitudes without relying on any detail information of noncommutative Yang-Mills theory. After clarifying the color structure of noncommutative tree amplitudes, we wrote down the noncommutative analogies of U(1)-decoupling, Kleiss-Kuijf and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relations for color-ordered tree amplitudes, and proved them using the modified BCFW recursion relation.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures. v2 References added. v3 some typos correcte