27 research outputs found

    Nonlinear compression of high energy fiber amplifier pulses in air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber

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    International audienceWe report on the generation of 34 fs and 50 ”J pulses from a high energy fiber amplifier system with nonlinear compression in an air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber. The unique properties of such fibers allow bridging the gap between solid core fibers-based and hollow capillary-based post-compression setups, thereby operating with pulse energies obtained with current state-of-the-art fiber systems. The overall transmission of the compression setup is over 70%. Together with Yb-doped fiber amplifier technologies, Kagome fibers therefore appear as a promising tool for efficient generation of pulses with durations below 50 fs, energies ranging from 10 to several hundreds of ”J, and high average powers

    High repetition rate femtosecond ytterbium lasers and applications

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    Ce travail de thĂšse est consacrĂ© au dĂ©veloppement de sources lasers femtosecondes Ă  haute cadence, de forte puissancemoyenne (>10 W) avec des Ă©nergies supĂ©rieures Ă  100 ÎŒJ. Ce type de sources est primordial pour le dĂ©veloppementd’applications industrielles variĂ©es (micro-usinage athermique, chirurgie oculaire, 
) ainsi qu’en recherchefondamentale pour l’étude de l’interaction laser matiĂšre.AprĂšs un chapitre d’introduction sur l’état de l’art des chaĂźnes lasers de forte puissance moyenne Ă  base de matĂ©riauxdopĂ©s ytterbium, la rĂ©alisation d’une chaĂźne laser de forte puissance moyenne compacte Ă  base de fibre photoniquemicrostructurĂ©e Ă  large aire modale sera prĂ©sentĂ©e. Il sera notamment dĂ©montrĂ© les principales limitations en termed’énergie et de puissance moyenne. D’une part, le fort confinement de l’impulsion lumineuse dans le coeur de la fibrefavorise l’accumulation d’effets non-linĂ©aires lors de l’amplification et dĂ©tĂ©riore la qualitĂ© de l’impulsion. D’autrepart, en raison du diamĂštre de coeur important (> 70 ÎŒm) choisit pour lutter contre l’effet prĂ©cĂšdent, le guidage dumode fondamental TEM00 de ces fibres est trĂšs critique et devient sensible Ă  la charge thermique interne Ă  la fibre.Cette source laser a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e dans le cas de deux applications bien spĂ©cifiques : le perçage de plaques d’acierĂ©paisses pour une finalitĂ© de dĂ©minage (relatif au cadre du financement de cette thĂšse par la Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale del’Armement) et Ă  la gĂ©nĂ©ration d’harmoniques d’ordres Ă©levĂ©es Ă  trĂšs haute cadence (relatif au domaine d’expertisedu CELIA). Ces deux applications sont traitĂ©es au cours du troisiĂšme chapitre.A la vue des limitations observĂ©es et afin de disposer de chaĂźnes lasers plus Ă©nergĂ©tiques et offrant des durĂ©esd’impulsions encore plus courtes, une nouvelles architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e : le pompage fortebrillance de matĂ©riaux dopĂ©s Ytterbium. Ce concept prĂ©sentĂ© dans le dernier chapitre utilise le dĂ©veloppement desources fibrĂ©es monomodes continues Ă©mettant Ă  976 nm. Cette architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e afin derĂ©aliser d’une part un oscillateur sub-70 fs et de forte puissance moyenne (>2,3 W) Ă  une cadence de 73 MHz etd’autre part : un amplificateur type « booster » Ă  fort gain. Deux expĂ©riences qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es avec des cristauxd’Yb:CaF2. Ce matĂ©riaux prĂ©sente en effet l’avantage d’avoir un trĂšs large spectre d’émission (>60 nm) propice Ă  lagĂ©nĂ©ration et amplification d’impulsions femtosecondes mais aussi d’ĂȘtre « compatible » avec les chaĂźnes de trĂšsforte puissance grĂące Ă  sa trĂšs bonne conductivitĂ© thermique.This work concerns the development of high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with high average power (>10 W)and energies in excess of 100 ÎŒJ. Such lasers are paramount for the development of new industrial applications(athermal micro-drilling, eye surgery, ...) and for fundamental research on high repetition rate laser matter interactionstudies.After a brief introduction and the state of the art summary on high-average power femtosecond laser with ytterbiumdoped materials, a compact high-average power femtosecond laser with a large mode area microstructured rod typeamplifier will be presented. It will browse the main limitations in terms of energy and average power. Limitationsare mainly due to the strong confinement of the electric field propagating in the fibre core leading to non-linear effectsaccumulated during the amplification. On the other hand, for larger core diameter (> 70 ÎŒm), the fundamental modeguiding (TEM00) is very weak and thus very sensitive to the internal thermal load of the fibre.This laser source has been used in two specific applications: athermal drilling of thick stainless steel plate for mineclearing(an application of interest for the Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale de l’Armement) and High order Harmonics Generationat high repetition rate (related to CELIA activities). These two applications are presented in the third chapter.In order to stretch the limits and generate more energetic and a shorter pulse, a new amplification scheme has beenproposed, namely high brightness optical pumping of ytterbium doped materials. This concept presented in the lastchapter benefits from the development of high average power single-mode fibre lasers source emitting at 976 nm.This amplification scheme allowed us to realize a high average power Kerr-lens oscillator delivering pulses with apulse duration below than 70 fs and an average power of 2.3W at a repetition rate of 73 MHz. In a second phase, wealso developed a « booster » amplifier with a high single- pass-gain. These two results have been obtained by usingYb-doped CaF2 crystals. This material presents the advantage to have a very broad emission bandwidth (> 60nm)suitable to generate and amplify femtosecond pulses and to be compatible with high average power laser due to hisvery good thermal conductivity

    High repetition rate femtosecond ytterbium lasers and applications

    No full text
    Ce travail de thĂšse est consacrĂ© au dĂ©veloppement de sources lasers femtosecondes Ă  haute cadence, de forte puissancemoyenne (>10 W) avec des Ă©nergies supĂ©rieures Ă  100 ÎŒJ. Ce type de sources est primordial pour le dĂ©veloppementd’applications industrielles variĂ©es (micro-usinage athermique, chirurgie oculaire, 
) ainsi qu’en recherchefondamentale pour l’étude de l’interaction laser matiĂšre.AprĂšs un chapitre d’introduction sur l’état de l’art des chaĂźnes lasers de forte puissance moyenne Ă  base de matĂ©riauxdopĂ©s ytterbium, la rĂ©alisation d’une chaĂźne laser de forte puissance moyenne compacte Ă  base de fibre photoniquemicrostructurĂ©e Ă  large aire modale sera prĂ©sentĂ©e. Il sera notamment dĂ©montrĂ© les principales limitations en termed’énergie et de puissance moyenne. D’une part, le fort confinement de l’impulsion lumineuse dans le coeur de la fibrefavorise l’accumulation d’effets non-linĂ©aires lors de l’amplification et dĂ©tĂ©riore la qualitĂ© de l’impulsion. D’autrepart, en raison du diamĂštre de coeur important (> 70 ÎŒm) choisit pour lutter contre l’effet prĂ©cĂšdent, le guidage dumode fondamental TEM00 de ces fibres est trĂšs critique et devient sensible Ă  la charge thermique interne Ă  la fibre.Cette source laser a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e dans le cas de deux applications bien spĂ©cifiques : le perçage de plaques d’acierĂ©paisses pour une finalitĂ© de dĂ©minage (relatif au cadre du financement de cette thĂšse par la Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale del’Armement) et Ă  la gĂ©nĂ©ration d’harmoniques d’ordres Ă©levĂ©es Ă  trĂšs haute cadence (relatif au domaine d’expertisedu CELIA). Ces deux applications sont traitĂ©es au cours du troisiĂšme chapitre.A la vue des limitations observĂ©es et afin de disposer de chaĂźnes lasers plus Ă©nergĂ©tiques et offrant des durĂ©esd’impulsions encore plus courtes, une nouvelles architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e : le pompage fortebrillance de matĂ©riaux dopĂ©s Ytterbium. Ce concept prĂ©sentĂ© dans le dernier chapitre utilise le dĂ©veloppement desources fibrĂ©es monomodes continues Ă©mettant Ă  976 nm. Cette architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e afin derĂ©aliser d’une part un oscillateur sub-70 fs et de forte puissance moyenne (>2,3 W) Ă  une cadence de 73 MHz etd’autre part : un amplificateur type « booster » Ă  fort gain. Deux expĂ©riences qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es avec des cristauxd’Yb:CaF2. Ce matĂ©riaux prĂ©sente en effet l’avantage d’avoir un trĂšs large spectre d’émission (>60 nm) propice Ă  lagĂ©nĂ©ration et amplification d’impulsions femtosecondes mais aussi d’ĂȘtre « compatible » avec les chaĂźnes de trĂšsforte puissance grĂące Ă  sa trĂšs bonne conductivitĂ© thermique.This work concerns the development of high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with high average power (>10 W)and energies in excess of 100 ÎŒJ. Such lasers are paramount for the development of new industrial applications(athermal micro-drilling, eye surgery, ...) and for fundamental research on high repetition rate laser matter interactionstudies.After a brief introduction and the state of the art summary on high-average power femtosecond laser with ytterbiumdoped materials, a compact high-average power femtosecond laser with a large mode area microstructured rod typeamplifier will be presented. It will browse the main limitations in terms of energy and average power. Limitationsare mainly due to the strong confinement of the electric field propagating in the fibre core leading to non-linear effectsaccumulated during the amplification. On the other hand, for larger core diameter (> 70 ÎŒm), the fundamental modeguiding (TEM00) is very weak and thus very sensitive to the internal thermal load of the fibre.This laser source has been used in two specific applications: athermal drilling of thick stainless steel plate for mineclearing(an application of interest for the Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale de l’Armement) and High order Harmonics Generationat high repetition rate (related to CELIA activities). These two applications are presented in the third chapter.In order to stretch the limits and generate more energetic and a shorter pulse, a new amplification scheme has beenproposed, namely high brightness optical pumping of ytterbium doped materials. This concept presented in the lastchapter benefits from the development of high average power single-mode fibre lasers source emitting at 976 nm.This amplification scheme allowed us to realize a high average power Kerr-lens oscillator delivering pulses with apulse duration below than 70 fs and an average power of 2.3W at a repetition rate of 73 MHz. In a second phase, wealso developed a « booster » amplifier with a high single- pass-gain. These two results have been obtained by usingYb-doped CaF2 crystals. This material presents the advantage to have a very broad emission bandwidth (> 60nm)suitable to generate and amplify femtosecond pulses and to be compatible with high average power laser due to hisvery good thermal conductivity

    DĂ©veloppement de sources lasers femtosecondes ytterbium Ă  trĂšs haute cadence et applications

    No full text
    This work concerns the development of high repetition rate femtosecond lasers with high average power (>10 W)and energies in excess of 100 ÎŒJ. Such lasers are paramount for the development of new industrial applications(athermal micro-drilling, eye surgery, ...) and for fundamental research on high repetition rate laser matter interactionstudies.After a brief introduction and the state of the art summary on high-average power femtosecond laser with ytterbiumdoped materials, a compact high-average power femtosecond laser with a large mode area microstructured rod typeamplifier will be presented. It will browse the main limitations in terms of energy and average power. Limitationsare mainly due to the strong confinement of the electric field propagating in the fibre core leading to non-linear effectsaccumulated during the amplification. On the other hand, for larger core diameter (> 70 ÎŒm), the fundamental modeguiding (TEM00) is very weak and thus very sensitive to the internal thermal load of the fibre.This laser source has been used in two specific applications: athermal drilling of thick stainless steel plate for mineclearing(an application of interest for the Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale de l’Armement) and High order Harmonics Generationat high repetition rate (related to CELIA activities). These two applications are presented in the third chapter.In order to stretch the limits and generate more energetic and a shorter pulse, a new amplification scheme has beenproposed, namely high brightness optical pumping of ytterbium doped materials. This concept presented in the lastchapter benefits from the development of high average power single-mode fibre lasers source emitting at 976 nm.This amplification scheme allowed us to realize a high average power Kerr-lens oscillator delivering pulses with apulse duration below than 70 fs and an average power of 2.3W at a repetition rate of 73 MHz. In a second phase, wealso developed a « booster » amplifier with a high single- pass-gain. These two results have been obtained by usingYb-doped CaF2 crystals. This material presents the advantage to have a very broad emission bandwidth (> 60nm)suitable to generate and amplify femtosecond pulses and to be compatible with high average power laser due to hisvery good thermal conductivity.Ce travail de thĂšse est consacrĂ© au dĂ©veloppement de sources lasers femtosecondes Ă  haute cadence, de forte puissancemoyenne (>10 W) avec des Ă©nergies supĂ©rieures Ă  100 ÎŒJ. Ce type de sources est primordial pour le dĂ©veloppementd’applications industrielles variĂ©es (micro-usinage athermique, chirurgie oculaire, 
) ainsi qu’en recherchefondamentale pour l’étude de l’interaction laser matiĂšre.AprĂšs un chapitre d’introduction sur l’état de l’art des chaĂźnes lasers de forte puissance moyenne Ă  base de matĂ©riauxdopĂ©s ytterbium, la rĂ©alisation d’une chaĂźne laser de forte puissance moyenne compacte Ă  base de fibre photoniquemicrostructurĂ©e Ă  large aire modale sera prĂ©sentĂ©e. Il sera notamment dĂ©montrĂ© les principales limitations en termed’énergie et de puissance moyenne. D’une part, le fort confinement de l’impulsion lumineuse dans le coeur de la fibrefavorise l’accumulation d’effets non-linĂ©aires lors de l’amplification et dĂ©tĂ©riore la qualitĂ© de l’impulsion. D’autrepart, en raison du diamĂštre de coeur important (> 70 ÎŒm) choisit pour lutter contre l’effet prĂ©cĂšdent, le guidage dumode fondamental TEM00 de ces fibres est trĂšs critique et devient sensible Ă  la charge thermique interne Ă  la fibre.Cette source laser a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e dans le cas de deux applications bien spĂ©cifiques : le perçage de plaques d’acierĂ©paisses pour une finalitĂ© de dĂ©minage (relatif au cadre du financement de cette thĂšse par la Direction GĂ©nĂ©rale del’Armement) et Ă  la gĂ©nĂ©ration d’harmoniques d’ordres Ă©levĂ©es Ă  trĂšs haute cadence (relatif au domaine d’expertisedu CELIA). Ces deux applications sont traitĂ©es au cours du troisiĂšme chapitre.A la vue des limitations observĂ©es et afin de disposer de chaĂźnes lasers plus Ă©nergĂ©tiques et offrant des durĂ©esd’impulsions encore plus courtes, une nouvelles architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e : le pompage fortebrillance de matĂ©riaux dopĂ©s Ytterbium. Ce concept prĂ©sentĂ© dans le dernier chapitre utilise le dĂ©veloppement desources fibrĂ©es monomodes continues Ă©mettant Ă  976 nm. Cette architecture d’amplification a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e afin derĂ©aliser d’une part un oscillateur sub-70 fs et de forte puissance moyenne (>2,3 W) Ă  une cadence de 73 MHz etd’autre part : un amplificateur type « booster » Ă  fort gain. Deux expĂ©riences qui ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es avec des cristauxd’Yb:CaF2. Ce matĂ©riaux prĂ©sente en effet l’avantage d’avoir un trĂšs large spectre d’émission (>60 nm) propice Ă  lagĂ©nĂ©ration et amplification d’impulsions femtosecondes mais aussi d’ĂȘtre « compatible » avec les chaĂźnes de trĂšsforte puissance grĂące Ă  sa trĂšs bonne conductivitĂ© thermique

    Ablation of Bone Tissue by Femtosecond Laser: A Path to High-Resolution Bone Surgery

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    Femtosecond lasers allow for high-precision, high-quality ablation of biological tissues thanks to their capability of minimizing the thermal loads into the irradiated material. Nevertheless, reported ablation rates remain still too limited to enable their exploitation on a clinical level. This study demonstrates the possibility to upscale the process of fs laser ablation of bone tissue by employing industrially available fs laser sources. A comprehensive parametric study is presented in order to optimize the bone tissue ablation rate while maintaining the tissue health by avoiding excessive thermal loads. Three different absorption regimes are investigated by employing fs laser sources at 1030 nm, 515 nm and 343 nm. The main differences in the three different wavelength regimes are discussed by comparing the evolution of the ablation rate and the calcination degree of the laser ablated tissue. The maximum of the ablation rate is obtained in the visible regime of absorption where a maximum value of 0.66 mm3/s is obtained on a non-calcined tissue for the lowest laser repetition rate and the lowest spatial overlap between successive laser pulses. In this regime, the hemoglobin present in the fresh bone tissue is the main chromophore involved in the absorption process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest ablation rate obtained on porcine femur upon fs laser ablation

    Nickel phytomining from industrial wastes: growing nickel hyperaccumulator plants on galvanic sludges

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    Nickel (Ni) is used in numerous industrial processes, with large amounts of Ni-rich industrial wastes produced, which are largely sent to landfill. Nickel recovery from waste materials that would otherwise be disposed is of particular interest. Nickel phytomining represents a new technology in which hyperaccumulator plants are cultivated on Ni-rich substrates for commercial metal recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of Ni transfer from industrial waste into plant biomass, to support recovery processes from bio-ores. Different industrial galvanic sludges (containing 85–150 g kg−1 Ni) were converted into artificial substrates (i.e. technosols) and the Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica (formerly Alyssum murale) was cultivated on these Ni-rich matrices. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted for three months including an ultramafic soil control and testing fertilized (NPK) and unfertilized replicates. The results showed that fertilization was effective in improving plant biomass for all the substrates and that O. chalcidica was capable of viably growing on technosols, producing a comparable biomass to O. chalcidica on the control (ultramafic soil). On all technosols, O. chalcidica achieved Ni shoot concentrations of more than >1000 mg Ni kg −1 and maximum Ni uptake was obtained from one of the technosols (26.8 g kg −1 Ni, unfertilized; 20.2 g kg −1 Ni, fertilized). Nickel accumulation from three of the technosols resulted to be comparable with the control ultramafic soil. This study demonstrated the feasibility of transferring Ni from toxic waste into the biomass of Odontarrhena chalcidica and that phytomining from galvanic sludge-derived technosols can provide similar Ni yields as from natural ultramafic soils

    Sci Rep

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    Precise control of tissue temperature during Laser-Induced Thermotherapy (LITT) procedures has the potential to improve the clinical efficiency and safety of such minimally invasive therapies. We present a method to automatically regulate in vivo the temperature increase during LITT using real-time rapid volumetric Magnetic Resonance thermometry (8 slices acquired every second, with an in-plane resolution of 1.4 mmx1.4 mm and a slice thickness of 3 mm) using the proton-resonance frequency (PRF) shift technique. The laser output power is adjusted every second using a feedback control algorithm (proportional-integral-derivative controller) to force maximal tissue temperature in the targeted region to follow a predefined temperature-time profile. The root-mean-square of the difference between the target temperature and the measured temperature ranged between 0.5 °C and 1.4 °C, for temperature increases between + 5 °C to + 30 °C above body temperature and a long heating duration (up to 15 min), showing excellent accuracy and stability of the method. These results were obtained on a 1.5 T clinical MRI scanner, showing a potential immediate clinical application of such a temperature controller during MR-guided LITT.Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de BordeauxL'Institut de Rythmologie et modélisation CardiaqueThermometrie cardiaque haute résolution sur une IRM clinique en utilisant des antennes intracardiaque

    Implementing nickel phytomining in a serpentine quarry in NW Spain

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    In Galicia (NW Spain), ultramafic outcrops represent approximately 5% of the land surface and several mining and quarrying activities take place in these areas.Resulting mine-soils present physical, chemical and biological properties which limit plant growth and soil functioning. Nickel phytomining, an eco-friendly strategy for metal recovery, could potentially be applied to these areas.A one-year field experiment was carried out in a serpentine quarry to evaluate the performance of four Ni hyperaccumulating plant species, comparing the Mediterranean spp. Bornmuellera emarginata and Odontarrhena muralis with the native populations of Noccaea caerulescens and Odontarrhena serpyllifolia. Field plots were established and amended with inorganic NPK fertilisers or composted sewage sludge. Three replicate plots (4 m(2)) were planted for each plant species and fertilisation regime. Amending with compost reduced pH from 7.8 to 6.6, and increased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), nutrient concentrations and Ni availability. Moreover, compost-amended mine-soil presented higher microbial density and activity, parameters which were further stimulated by plant growth.Plant biomass production of all plant species was significantly higher in compost-amended soils than that after NPK fertilisation, being most pronounced for O. muralis and B. emarginata. Despite the reduction in shoot Ni concentrations observed in plants (except O. muralis) grown in compost-amended plots, the increased biomass production led to significantly higher Ni yields (in kg ha(-1)) in B. emarginata (2.9), N. caerulescens (1.9) and O. muralis (2.3). All plant species were able to establish and grow in the mine-soil (with the Mediterranean species showing a higher capacity for adaptation) and to generate moderate Ni yields.Nonetheless, the results highlight the need for further optimisation in order to enhance the Ni phytoextraction efficiency.Finally, the improvement in soil quality after compost amendment and plant growth support the idea that phytomining systems can be effective approaches for the rehabilitation of soils affected by quarrying operations after mine closure
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