Techniques for colonial growth and protoplast production in Humicola grisea var. thermoidea

Humicola grisea is a thermophilic, cellulolytic fungus, with significant biotechnological potential for protein secretion. For convenient growth on solid medium, 70% reduction in colony diameter was achieved by the addition of 20 mM sodium citrate to modified Aspergillus complete medium (Pontecorvo et al. 1953, Adv. Genet. 5:141-238)

The gathering firestorm in southern Amazonia.

Wildfires, exacerbated by extreme weather events and land use, threaten to change the Amazon from a net carbon sink to a net carbon source. Here, we develop and apply a coupled ecosystem-fire model to quantify how greenhouse gas-driven drying and warming would affect wildfires and associated CO2 emissions in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Regional climate projections suggest that Amazon fire regimes will intensify under both low- and high-emission scenarios. Our results indicate that projected climatic changes will double the area burned by wildfires, affecting up to 16% of the region's forests by 2050. Although these fires could emit as much as 17.0 Pg of CO2 equivalent to the atmosphere, avoiding new deforestation could cut total net fire emissions in half and help prevent fires from escaping into protected areas and indigenous lands. Aggressive efforts to eliminate ignition sources and suppress wildfires will be critical to conserve southern Amazon forests

Período de serviço e duração da gestação ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês-Bergamácia criadas em Dormentes, região semiárida de Pernambuco.

Esse trabalho foi realizado, através de pesquisa participativa, no município de Dormentes-PE. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar o período de serviço de ovelhas paridas durante o início do período chuvoso. Foram utilizadas 15 ovelhas mestiças de Santa Inês-Bergamácia, recém-paridas, que foram submetidas à estação de monta, durante 45 dias. Durante a monta, foi utilizado diariamente um reprodutor ovino, com fertilidade comprovada, untado com tinta xadrez no peito para observação do estro e cobertura das fêmeas. Neste trabalho, também foi observada a duração da gestação, bem como, o período entre duas parições (IEP). Os produtores participaram ativamente das atividades, com questionamentos, registrando diariamente as ovelhas cobertas, bem como, identificando as fêmeas gestantes e, posteriormente, paridas. Foi observado um período de serviço de 57,8 ± 18,2 dias, duração da gestação de 151,9 ± 2,4 dias e IEP de 209,8 ± 18,0. O período de serviço, consequentemente, o IEP de ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês-Bergamácia mantidas em pastagens de capim Buffel, foram curtos, demonstrando alta eficiência reprodutiva

Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Translucent Bi 12

The production of high-density Bi12TiO20 ceramics, their transmission spectrum, and impedance features are reported. The samples were synthesized at 700°C/6 h and sintered at 800°C/3 h. This procedure yielded translucent ceramics with relative density of 99.2±0.5% and average grain size of 3.1±1.6 μm. Samples with 0.5 mm thickness were translucent with optical transmission of about 30% at 800 nm. The electrical and dielectric properties of the high-density ceramics were studied and compared with those measured for samples with lower density and also with the literature about Bi12TiO20 single crystals. The activation energy for the conduction process in high-density ceramic was 0.99 eV, and the dielectric permittivity was 40 at 200°C. These values are comparable to those reported for single crystals

Aging of CKN:Modulus Versus Conductivity Analysis

It was recently reported that the electrical modulus peaks narrows upon annealing of the ionic system CKN [Paluch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 015702 (2013)], which was interpreted as providing evidence of dynamic heterogeneity of this glass-forming liquid. An analysis of the same data in terms of the ac conductivity shows no shape changes, however. We discuss the relation between both findings and show further that the ac conductivity conforms to the prediction of the random barrier model (RBM) at all times during the annealing

Equivalence of Fokker-Planck approach and non-linear σ\sigma-model for disordered wires in the unitary symmetry class

The exact solution of the Dorokhov-Mello-Pereyra-Kumar-equation for quasi one-dimensional disordered conductors in the unitary symmetry class is employed to calculate all $m$-point correlation functions by a generalization of the method of orthogonal polynomials. We obtain closed expressions for the first two conductance moments which are valid for the whole range of length scales from the metallic regime ($L\ll Nl$) to the insulating regime ($L\gg Nl$) and for arbitrary channel number. In the limit $N\to\infty$ (with $L/(Nl)=const.$) our expressions agree exactly with those of the non-linear $\sigma$-model derived from microscopic Hamiltonians.Comment: 9 pages, Revtex, one postscript figur

Interactions between Plasmopara viticola infection and stilbene synthesis in leaves and berries of ten 'Cabernet Sauvignon' clones

Combining the knowledge that Plasmopara viticola causes considerable damages to Vitis vinifera L. worldwide production and that stilbenes have a regulatory influence on Plasmopara viticola - grapevine interaction, this study compares infection time course and stilbenes production in leaves and berries of ten different clones of 'Cabernet Sauvignon'. Following increasing infection rates, different stilbenes were produced and accumulated in leaves and berries of the same clone. Higher absolute values were found in leaves, where trans-resveratrol reaches up to 8 μg g-1 fw and ε-viniferin up to 30 μg g-1 fw while in berries, the values accumulated only up to a maximum of 3 μg g-1 fw of trans-piceid and 1,5 μg g-1 fw ε-viniferin