Four New Trinuclear {Cu3(μ3-OH)(oximate)3}2+ Clusters: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behavior

Four new triangular copper(II) complexes with the fragment {Cu3(μ3-OH)(oximate)3}2+ and formulae [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Cl)(Py2CNO)3(tBuPO3H)]·4H2O (1), [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Br)(Py2CNO)3(tBuPO3H)]·3.5H2O (2), [Cu3(μ3-OH)(μ-Br)(PhPyCNO)3(tBuPO3H)(MeOH)]·1.5 MeOH (3), [Cu3(μ3-OH)Cl2(PhPyCNO)3]·0.5H2O (4), (Py2CNO = di(2-pyridyl)ketoximate, PhPyCNO = phenyl(2-pyridyl)ketoximate, tBuPO3H2 = tert-butylphosphonic acid) are reported. The magnetic properties of compounds 1-4 were studied. The compounds were found to exhibit strong antiferromagnetic coupling and antisymmetric exchange interaction

Field-Induced SMM and Visible/NIR-Luminescence Behaviour of Dinuclear LnIII Complexes with 2-Fluorobenzoate

The reaction of Ln(NO3)2·6H2O salts (Ln = Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er and Yb) with 2-fluorobenzoic acid (H-2-FBz) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in ethanol/water mixture allows the isolation of dinuclear compounds of the formula [Ln2(2-FBz)4- (NO3)2(phen)2] {Ln = Nd (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Dy (5), Er (6)} and [Yb2(2-FBz)6(phen)2] (7). The solid-state photoluminescence study of the complexes shows the 4f-4f lanthanide transitions in the visible range, in the cases of 2, 4 and 5, and in the NIR range for 1, 6 and 7. Magnetic studies reveal field-induced single-molecule-magnet (SMM) behaviour for compounds 1, 5, 6 and 7

Field-Induced SMM and Vis/NIR Luminescence on mononuclear lanthanide complexes with 9-Anthracenecarboxylate and 2,2':6,2'-Terpyridine.

Five new mononuclear lanthanide complexes are synthesized by adding the several lanthanide nitrate hexahydrate salts, which for lanthanide (Ln) are Eu, Tb, Dy, Er, and Yb, with 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-Hanthc) and 2,20 :6,200-terpyridine (TPY) in mixed solution of methanol and dimethylformamide (DMF). The general formula is [Eu(9-anthc)3 (TPY)(DMF)]·H2O (1Eu) where Eu(III) is ennea-coordinated or [Ln(9-anthc)3 (TPY)(H2O)]·H2O·DMF (Ln = Tb (2Tb), Dy (3Dy), Er (4Er), and Yb (5Yb)) where Ln(III) is octa-coordinated. For compounds 3Dy, 4Er, and 5Yb, the dynamic ac magnetic study indicated field-induced single molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. The photoluminescence studies in the solid state of these complexes show the sensitization of 4f-4f transitions for 4Er and 5Yb in the NIR region

The Health and Social Care Act for England 2012: The extension of ‘new professionalism’

The 2012 Health and Social Care Act, introduced by the coalition government, has been seen as fundamentally changing the form and content of publicly funded health care provision in England. The legislation was hugely controversial and widely criticized. Much of this criticism pointed to the ways in which the reforms undermined the funding of the National Health Service, and challenged the founding principle of free universal provision. In this commentary we take issue with the argument that the Act represented a radical break with the past and instead suggest that it was an extension of the previous Labour government’s neo-liberal reforms of the public sector. In particular, the Act invoked the principles of ‘new professionalism’ to undermine professional dominance, and attract private providers into statutory health care at the expense of public providers. In turn, this extension of new professionalism may encourage public distrust in the medical profession and absolve the state of much of its statutory health care obligation. </jats:p

Dinuclear LnIII Complexes with 9‐Anthracenecarboxylate Showing Field‐Induced SMM and Visible/NIR Luminescence

The reaction of several Ln(NO3)3·6H2O salts with 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-HAC) and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) in a mixture of CH3OH/H2O has allowed the isolation of the dinuclear compounds 1-6 with formula [Ln2(μ2-9-AC)4(9-AC)2(bpy)2] [LnIII = Nd (1), Eu (2), Gd (3), Tb (4), Er (5), and Yb (6)]. The molar magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1-6 in the 2-300 K temperature range indicate weak antiferromagnetic ex-. change for the isotropic GdIII compound 3. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 exhibit field-induced single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior. The luminescence properties of compounds 1-6 in the solid state have been studied at different temperatures and show sensitization of the 4f-4f emission bands in the NIR range for compounds 1, 5, and 6

Survey of ultrasound practice amongst podiatrists in the UK

Background: Ultrasound in podiatry practice encompasses musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, vascular hand-held Doppler ultrasound and therapeutic ultrasound. Sonography practice is not regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with no requirement to hold a formal qualification. The College of Podiatry does not currently define ultrasound training and competencies. This study aimed to determine the current use of ultrasound, training received and mentorship received and/or provided by podiatrists using ultrasound. Methods: A quantitative study utilising a cross-sectional, on-line, single-event survey was undertaken within the UK. Results: Completed surveys were received from 284 podiatrists; 173 (70%) use ultrasound as part of their general practice, 139 (49%) for musculoskeletal problems, 131 (46%) for vascular assessment and 39 (14%) to support their surgical practice. Almost a quarter (n=62) worked for more than one organisation; 202 (71%) were employed by the NHS and/or private sector (n=118, 41%). Nearly all (93%) respondents report using a hand-held vascular Doppler in their daily practice; 216 (82%) to support decisions regarding treatment options, 102 (39%) to provide diagnostic reports for other health professionals, and 34 (13%) to guide nerve blocks. Ultrasound imaging was used by 104 (37%) respondents primarily to aid clinical decision making (n=81) and guide interventions (steroid injections n=67; nerve blocks n=39). Ninety-three percent stated they use ultrasound imaging to treat their own patients, while others scan at the request of other podiatrists (n=28) or health professionals (n=18). Few use ultrasound imaging for research (n=7) or education (n=2). Only 32 (11%) respondents (n=20 private sector) use therapeutic ultrasound to treat patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, namely tendon pathologies. Few respondents (18%) had completed formal post-graduate CASE (Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education) accredited ultrasound courses. Forty (14%) respondents receive ultrasound mentorship; the majority from fellow podiatrists (n=17) or medical colleagues (n=15). Over half (n=127) who do not have ultrasound mentorship indicated they would like a mentor predominantly for ultrasound imaging. Fifty-five (19%) report they currently provide ultrasound mentorship for others. Conclusions: Understanding the scope of ultrasound practice, the training undertaken and the requirements for mentorship will underpin the development of competencies and recommendations defined by the College of Podiatry to support professional development and ensure safe practice.</p

The carbon concentrating mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Finding the missing pieces

The photosynthetic, unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, lives in environments that often contain low concentrations of CO2 and HCO3-, the utilizable forms of inorganic carbon (Ci). C. reinhardtii possesses a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) which can provide suitable amounts of Ci for growth and development. This CCM is induced when the CO2 concentration is at air levels or lower and is comprised of a set of proteins that allow the efficient uptake of Ci into the cell as well as its directed transport to the site where Rubisco fixes CO2 into biomolecules. While several components of the CCM have been identified in recent years, the picture is still far from complete. To further improve our knowledge of the CCM, we undertook a mutagenesis project where an antibiotic resistance cassette was randomly inserted into the C. reinhardtii genome resulting in the generation of 22,000 mutants. The mutant collection was screened using both a published PCR-based approach (Gonzalez-Ballester et al. 2011) and a phenotypic growth screen. The PCR-based screen did not rely on a colony having an altered growth phenotype and was used to identify colonies with disruptions in genes previously identified as being associated with the CCM-related gene. Eleven independent insertional mutations were identified in eight different genes showing the usefulness of this approach in generating mutations in CCM-related genes of interest as well as identifying new CCM components. Further improvements of this method are also discussed. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

Chiral Dinuclear Ln(III) Complexes Derived from S- and R-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionate. Optical and Magnetic Properties.

The reaction of LnCl3·6H2O with (S)-(+)-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid (S-HL), best known as naproxen, and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in EtOH allows the isolation of dinuclear chiral compounds S-1-4 of the formula [Ln2(S-L)6(phen)2]·3DMF·H2O [Ln(III) = Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3) and Dy (4)]. The use of the R-enantiomeric species of the HL ligand led to complexes R-1-4 with the formula [Ln2(R-L)6(phen)2]·3DMF·H2O. Compounds R- and S-1, 3 and 4 show strong sensitized metal-centred luminescence in the visible region. Moreover, Dy(III) complexes R- and S-4 display field-induced singlemolecule magnet (SMM) behaviour. For chiral and emissive compounds circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) measurements have also been performed

Securitization in Chinese climate and energy politics

This article provides an overview of securitization in Chinese climate and energy debates. Scholars have debated the merits as well as the potentially problematic implications of securitization, or framing issues as ‘security,’ since the early 1990s. Early concern focused on the potential problems with linking environmental issues with ‘security,’ and the debate has since also turned specifically to the climate and energy. However, it is only recently that this debate has begun to pay attention to China. Energy and climate concerns are of increasing importance to China: the sheer scale of its energy consumption and air pollution struggles dwarf the challenges seen by other states, and its policy choices play a key role in shaping global climate and energy dynamics. Thus, while securitization in the Chinese context is rarely studied, how China frames its energy and climate policy matters. Both energy and climate are taken increasingly seriously, and security plays an increasing role in debates. This review surveys the increasing popularity of linking security with climate and energy issues both in the academic debate on China and in official discourse, and some of the potential implications

Diverse coordination numbers and geometries in pyridyl adducts of lanthanide(III) complexes based on beta-diketonate

t: Ten mononuclear rare earth complexes of formula [La(btfa)3 (H2O)2 ] (1), [La(btfa)3 (4,40 - Mt2bipy)] (2), [La(btfa)3 (4,40 -Me2bipy)2 ] (3), [La(btfa)3 (5,50 -Me2bipy)2 ] (4), [La(btfa)3 (terpy)] (5), [La(btfa)3 (phen)(EtOH)] (6), [La(btfa)3 (4,40 -Me2bipy)(EtOH)] (7), [La(btfa)3 (2-benzpy)(MeOH)] (8), [Tb(btfa)3 (4,40 -Me2bipy)] (9) and (Hpy)[Eu(btfa)4 ] (10), where btfa = 4,4,4-trifuoro-1-phenylbutane1,3-dionato anion, 4,40 -Mt2bipy = 4,40 -dimethoxy-2,20 -bipyridine, 4,40 -Me2bipy = 4,40 -dimethyl2,20 -bipyridine, 5,50 -Me2bipy = 5,50 -dimethyl-2,20 -bipyridine, terpy = 2,20 :60 ,20 -terpyridine, phen = 1,10-phenathroline, 2-benzpy = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole, Hpy = pyridiniumH+ cation) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The complexes display coordination numbers (CN) eight for 1, 2, 9, 10, nine for 5, 6, 7, 8 and ten for 3 and 4. The solid-state luminescence spectra of Tb-9 and Eu-10 complexes showed the same characteristic bands predicted from the Tb(III) and Eu(III) ions. The Overall Quantum Yield measured (φTOT) at the excitation wavelength of 371 nm for both compounds yielded 1.04% for 9 and up to 34.56% for 10 years