The Fluctuations of the Quark Number and of the Chiral Condensate

The distributions of the quark number and chiral condensate over the gauge fields are computed for QCD in Euclidean space at nonzero quark chemical potential. As both operators are non-hermitian the distributions are in the complex plane. Moreover, because of the sign problem, the distributions are not real and positive. The computations are carried out within leading order chiral perturbation theory and give a direct insight into the delicate cancellations that take place in contributions to the total baryon number and the chiral condensate.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure

A Method for Providing High-volume Interprofessional Simulation Encounters in Physical and Occupational Therapy Education Programs

With an increasing emphasis on interprofessional education within the allied health professions, simulation has potential for being a useful teaching modality for providing collaborative learning experiences for occupational and physical therapist students. However, there are many challenges associated with conducting simulations with large numbers of students. We describe the design, planning, cost, and support staff time required for conducting an interprofessional simulation of the intensive care setting, including a methodology for maximizing resources and student opportunities for participation for 64 physical and occupational therapy students over a 4-hour time period. Qualitative analyses of student experiences are also presented

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Tunneling Luminescence of the Surface of GaN Films Grown by Vapor Phase Epitaxy

We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of surfaces of GaN films and the observation of luminescence from those films induced by highly spatially localized injection of electrons or holes using STM. This combination of scanning tunneling luminescence (STL) with STM for GaN surfaces and the ability to observe both morphology and luminescence in GaN is the first step to investigate possible correlations between surface morphology and optical properties.Comment: 12 pages, Revtex 3.0, submitted to Appl. Phys. Lett., three figures available from Jian Ma at [email protected]

An Efficient Multibody Dynamics Model for Internal Combustion Engine Systems

The equations of motion for the major components in an internalcombustion engine are developed herein using a recursive formulation.These components include the (rigid) engine block, pistons, connectingrods, (flexible) crankshaft, balance shafts, main bearings, and enginemounts. Relative coordinates are employed that automatically satisfy allconstraints and therefore lead to the minimum set of ordinarydifferential equations of motion. The derivation of the equations ofmotion is automated through the use of computer algebra as the precursorto automatically generating the computational (C or Fortran) subroutinesfor numerical integration. The entire automated procedure forms thebasis for an engine modeling template that may be used to supportthe up-front design of engines for noise and vibration targets.This procedure is demonstrated on an example engine under free(idealized) and firing conditions and the predicted engine responses arecompared with results from an ADAMS model. Results obtained by usingdifferent bearing models, including linear, nonlinear, and hydrodynamicbearing models, are discussed in detail.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43262/1/11044_2004_Article_5115869.pd

Positron scattering from chiral enantiomers

We report on total cross section measurements for positron scattering from the chiral enantiomers (+)-methyl (R)-2-chloropropionate and (–)-methyl (S)-2-chloropropionate. The energy range of the present study was 0.1–50 eV, while the energy resolution of our incident positron beam was ∼0.25 eV (FWHM). As positrons emanating from β decay in radioactive nuclei have a high degree of spin polarization, which persists after moderation, we were particularly interested in probing whether the positron helicity differentiates between the measured total cross sections of the two enantiomers. No major differences were, however, observed. Finally, quantum chemical calculations, using the density functional theory based B3LYP-DGTZVP model within the gaussian 09 package, were performed as a part of this work in order to assist us in interpreting some aspects of our data

DETERMINATION OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS FOR TRANSFER OF ALKOXYPHENOLS FROM AQUEOUS-SOLUTION TO SDS MICELLES BY A TAYLOR-ARIS DIFFUSION TECHNIQUE

Using Taylor-Aris diffusion techniques, thermodynamic parameters have been measured for the transfer of a series of alkoxyphenols from water into SDS micelles. The results are compared with those for transfer to bulk organic solvents and to cells of Escherichia coli. The SDS micelles are found to be marginally more polar than n-octanol, but the results reveal significant differences between bulk solvents and the more ordered micellar pseudophase.87172741274

A catalog of natural products occurring in watermelon— Citrullus lanatus

Sweet dessert watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) is one of the most important vegetable crops consumed throughout the world. The chemical composition of watermelon provides both high nutritional value and various health benefits. The present manuscript introduces a catalog of 1,679 small molecules occurring in the watermelon and their cheminformatics analysis for diverse features. In this catalog, the phytochemicals are associated with the literature describing their presence in the watermelon plant, and when possible, concentration values in various plant parts (flesh, seeds, leaves, roots, rind). Also cataloged are the chemical classes, molecular weight and formula, chemical structure, and certain physical and chemical properties for each phytochemical. In our view, knowing precisely what is in what we eat, as this catalog does for watermelon, supports both the rationale for certain controlled feeding studies in the field of precision nutrition, and plant breeding efforts for the development of new varieties with enhanced concentrations of specific phytochemicals. Additionally, improved and comprehensive collections of natural products accessible to the public will be especially useful to researchers in nutrition, cheminformatics, bioinformatics, and drug development, among other disciplines

Public Health Liberation – An Emerging Transdiscipline to Elucidate and Transform the Public Health Economy

Public Health Liberation (PHL) is an innovative general theory of public health aimed at accelerating health equity. This paper provides a rich synthesis of philosophical traditions, novel theories, and approaches to establish the basis for a new public health transdiscipline. The authors argue that the public health economy as a single analytic lens elucidates the contradictions and tensions that reproduce vast health inequity. Authored by a majority of Black women, community experiences and perspectives are a major strength of this paper because they draw upon leadership experiences with contemporary issues. The authors begin by describing their background in public health advocacy and by demonstrating the need for PHL using lead-contaminated water crises from Flint, Michigan and Washington, DC. They discuss the benefits of horizontal and vertical integration that broaden public health discourse to include affected populations and that seek opportunities throughout the public health economy. Their philosophical and theoretical reasoning reinterprets and adopts disciplinary concepts in political theory, sociology, women\u27s studies, African American emancipatory writing, anti-racism, and community psychology to form a culturally relevant worldview and cogent thesis. Several new constructs emerge that do not appear elsewhere in the literature - Gaze of the Enslaved, Morality Principle, liberation, illiberation, liberation safe spaces, public health realism, and hegemony. The authors use their ethical and theoretical assumptions to guide practice and community self-help. Public Health Liberation presents a major challenge to assumptions about public health effectiveness in addressing vast health inequity

Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition with simvastatin in acute lung injury to reduce pulmonary dysfunction (HARP-2) trial : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common devastating clinical syndrome characterized by life-threatening respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and multiple organ failure. There are in vitro, animal studies and pre-clinical data suggesting that statins may be beneficial in ALI. The Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibition with simvastatin in Acute lung injury to Reduce Pulmonary dysfunction (HARP-2) trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, allocation concealed, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial which aims to test the hypothesis that treatment with simvastatin will improve clinical outcomes in patients with ALI

Purification and functional characterisation of rhiminopeptidase A, a novel aminopeptidase from the venom of Bitis gabonica rhinoceros

This study describes the discovery and characterisation of a novel aminopeptidase A from the venom of B. g. rhinoceros and highlights its potential biological importance. Similar to mammalian aminopeptidases, rhiminopeptidase A might be capable of playing roles in altering the blood pressure and brain function of victims. Furthermore, it could have additional effects on the biological functions of other host proteins by cleaving their N-terminal amino acids. This study points towards the importance of complete analysis of individual components of snake venom in order to develop effective therapies for snake bites