Secuelas Posteriores a Infección por COVID-19 Ecuelas en Pacientes con y Sin Diaberes Mellitus Tipo 2

Introduccion: Mundialmente se está presentando un acontecimiento de suma importancia, con la existencia una nueva enfermedad causante de afecciones principalmente de las vías respiratorias. Una nueva variante de coronavirus, identificado por sus siglas COVID-19. La enfermedad fue detectada a finales de 2019, en la ciudad Wuhan, tras este hecho y consiguiente informe de las autoridades sanitarias, la OMS lo denominó en febrero de 2020 pandemia. Al 09 de marzo de 2022, a nivel mundial se han reportado 448,313,293 casos confirmados y 6,011,482 defunciones. México actualmente se han confirmado 5, 583, 773 casos y 320, 410 defunciones totales por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Entre las secuelas que se han reportado son afectación a nivel pulmonar, como fibrosis, a nivel cardiaco, cerebrovascular y musculo esqueléticas, entre otros. Objetivo: Determinar secuelas posteriores a infección por covid-19 en pacientes con y sin Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes que acuden a la atención primaria de salud. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico, comparativo, longitudinal. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó con la fórmula para determinar dos proporciones, nivel de confianza de 95% (Zα=1.96), margen de error del 0.05, con una relación 2:1. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se incluyeron expedientes de pacientes con y sin diabetes en un grupo de edad de 20-90 años de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.9, Querétaro, México. Variables estudiadas fueron: edad, género, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, evolución de la enfermedad, secuelas respiratorias y neuromusculares. El análisis estadístico incluyo prueba de t, prueba de chi cuadrada y razón de momios. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 43 años en pacientes sin diabetes tipo 2 y 56 años en el grupo contrario, en lo que respecta al sexo predominaron mujeres en ambos grupo; se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el porcentaje de los pacientes con secuelas respiratorias y neurológicas a los 10 días posterior al contagio de ambos grupos,  siendo la tos la secuelas respiratoria que mayormente se presentó y la limitación de la actividad diaria la menos prevalente, y en las secuelas neuromusculares la cefalea predomino a diferencia de la disgeusia. Conclusiones: Las secuelas de origen del aparato respiratorio son las que se desarrollaron en un mayor número en los pacientes post covid-19, sin tomar en cuenta la comorbilidad como diabetes mellitus tipo 2.   Introduction: A very important event is taking place worldwide, with the existence of a new disease that causes affections mainly of the respiratory tract. A new variant of coronavirus, identified by its acronym COVID-19. The disease was detected at the end of 2019, in the city of Wuhan. Following this fact and the subsequent report by the health authorities, the WHO called it a pandemic in February 2020. As of March 9, 2022, 448,313,293 confirmed cases and 6,011,482 deaths have been reported worldwide. Mexico currently have confirmed 5,583,773 cases and 320,410 total deaths from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Among the sequelae that have been reported are involvement at the pulmonary level, such as fibrosis, at the cardiac, cerebrovascular and musculoskeletal level, among others. Objective: To determine sequelae after covid-19 infection in patients with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients who attend primary health care. Methodology: Observational, analytical, comparative, longitudinal study. The sample size was calculated with the formula to determine two proportions, confidence level of 95% (Zα=1.96), margin of error of 0.05, with a 2:1 ratio. A simple random probabilistic sampling was carried out. Records of patients with and without diabetes in an age group of 20-90 years from the Family Medicine Unit No.9, Querétaro, Mexico, were included. Variables studied were: age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus, evolution of the disease, respiratory and neuromuscular sequelae. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square test, and odds ratio. Results: the average age was 43 years in patients without type 2 diabetes and 56 years in the opposite group. Regarding sex, women predominated in both groups; A statistically significant difference was found between the percentage of patients with respiratory and neurological sequelae 10 days after infection in both groups, with cough being the respiratory sequelae that most frequently occurred and limitation of daily activity the least prevalent, and in neuromuscular sequelae, headache predominated, unlike dysgeusia. Conclusions: The sequelae of origin of the respiratory system are those that developed in a greater number in post covid-19 patients, without taking into account comorbidity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus

Secuelas Posteriores a Infección por COVID-19 Ecuelas en Pacientes con y Sin Diaberes Mellitus Tipo 2

Introduccion: Mundialmente se está presentando un acontecimiento de suma importancia, con la existencia una nueva enfermedad causante de afecciones principalmente de las vías respiratorias. Una nueva variante de coronavirus, identificado por sus siglas COVID-19. La enfermedad fue detectada a finales de 2019, en la ciudad Wuhan, tras este hecho y consiguiente informe de las autoridades sanitarias, la OMS lo denominó en febrero de 2020 pandemia. Al 09 de marzo de 2022, a nivel mundial se han reportado 448,313,293 casos confirmados y 6,011,482 defunciones. México actualmente se han confirmado 5, 583, 773 casos y 320, 410 defunciones totales por coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Entre las secuelas que se han reportado son afectación a nivel pulmonar, como fibrosis, a nivel cardiaco, cerebrovascular y musculo esqueléticas, entre otros. Objetivo: Determinar secuelas posteriores a infección por covid-19 en pacientes con y sin Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en pacientes que acuden a la atención primaria de salud. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico, comparativo, longitudinal. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó con la fórmula para determinar dos proporciones, nivel de confianza de 95% (Zα=1.96), margen de error del 0.05, con una relación 2:1. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se incluyeron expedientes de pacientes con y sin diabetes en un grupo de edad de 20-90 años de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.9, Querétaro, México. Variables estudiadas fueron: edad, género, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, evolución de la enfermedad, secuelas respiratorias y neuromusculares. El análisis estadístico incluyo prueba de t, prueba de chi cuadrada y razón de momios. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 43 años en pacientes sin diabetes tipo 2 y 56 años en el grupo contrario, en lo que respecta al sexo predominaron mujeres en ambos grupo; se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el porcentaje de los pacientes con secuelas respiratorias y neurológicas a los 10 días posterior al contagio de ambos grupos,  siendo la tos la secuelas respiratoria que mayormente se presentó y la limitación de la actividad diaria la menos prevalente, y en las secuelas neuromusculares la cefalea predomino a diferencia de la disgeusia. Conclusiones: Las secuelas de origen del aparato respiratorio son las que se desarrollaron en un mayor número en los pacientes post covid-19, sin tomar en cuenta la comorbilidad como diabetes mellitus tipo 2.   Introduction: A very important event is taking place worldwide, with the existence of a new disease that causes affections mainly of the respiratory tract. A new variant of coronavirus, identified by its acronym COVID-19. The disease was detected at the end of 2019, in the city of Wuhan. Following this fact and the subsequent report by the health authorities, the WHO called it a pandemic in February 2020. As of March 9, 2022, 448,313,293 confirmed cases and 6,011,482 deaths have been reported worldwide. Mexico currently have confirmed 5,583,773 cases and 320,410 total deaths from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Among the sequelae that have been reported are involvement at the pulmonary level, such as fibrosis, at the cardiac, cerebrovascular and musculoskeletal level, among others. Objective: To determine sequelae after covid-19 infection in patients with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients who attend primary health care. Methodology: Observational, analytical, comparative, longitudinal study. The sample size was calculated with the formula to determine two proportions, confidence level of 95% (Zα=1.96), margin of error of 0.05, with a 2:1 ratio. A simple random probabilistic sampling was carried out. Records of patients with and without diabetes in an age group of 20-90 years from the Family Medicine Unit No.9, Querétaro, Mexico, were included. Variables studied were: age, gender, type 2 diabetes mellitus, evolution of the disease, respiratory and neuromuscular sequelae. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square test, and odds ratio. Results: the average age was 43 years in patients without type 2 diabetes and 56 years in the opposite group. Regarding sex, women predominated in both groups; A statistically significant difference was found between the percentage of patients with respiratory and neurological sequelae 10 days after infection in both groups, with cough being the respiratory sequelae that most frequently occurred and limitation of daily activity the least prevalent, and in neuromuscular sequelae, headache predominated, unlike dysgeusia. Conclusions: The sequelae of origin of the respiratory system are those that developed in a greater number in post covid-19 patients, without taking into account comorbidity such as type 2 diabetes mellitus

Secuelas Pulmonares y Neuromusculares Posterior a Infección Por Covid-19 en Población con y sin Diabetes Tipo 2

Introducción: COVID-19 ha sido una enfermedad emergente que ha impactado en los diferentes ámbitos de la salud desde la patología en agudo y también en la enfermedad crónica, por lo que profesionales de esta área prevén un aumento importante en las secuelas subyacentes de esta infección, principalmente en dos sistemas orgánicos: el pulmonar, que disminuye de 20 a 30 % su capacidad funcional pese a la recuperación de la infección y el sistema neuromuscular que causa manifestaciones en el 88% de los enfermos críticos (Gonzalo, 2020). Objetivo: Determinar secuelas posteriores a infección por covid-19 en pacientes con y sin Diabetes tipo 2 en pacientes que acuden a la atención primaria de salud. Metodología: Estudio observacional, analítico, comparativo, longitudinal. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó con la fórmula para determinar dos proporciones, nivel de confianza de 95% (Zα=1.96), margen de error del 0.05, con una relación 2:1. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por cuota. Se incluyeron expedientes de pacientes con y sin diabetes en un grupo de edad de 20-90 años de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No.9, Querétaro, México. Variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, diabetes tipo 2, evolución de la enfermedad, secuelas respiratorias y neuromusculares. El análisis estadístico incluyo prueba de t, prueba de chi cuadrada y razón de momios. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 43 años en pacientes sin diabetes tipo 2 y 56 años en el grupo contrario, en lo que respecta al sexo predominaron mujeres en ambos grupo; se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el porcentaje de los pacientes con secuelas respiratorias y neurológicas a los 10 días posterior al contagio de ambos grupos, siendo la tos la secuela respiratoria que mayormente se presentó y la limitación de la actividad diaria la menos prevalente; y en las secuelas neuromusculares la cefalea predomino a diferencia de la disgeusia. Conclusiones: Las secuelas de origen del aparato respiratorio son las que se desarrollaron en un mayor número en los pacientes post covid-19, en comparación de las neuromusculares, sin tomar en cuenta la comorbilidad como diabetes tipo 2. Sin embargo, se identificó que la población con esta patología, se encuentra más expuesta de presentar efectos derivados de la infección por SARS-COV2.   Introduction: COVID-19 has been an emerging disease that has had an impact on the different areas of health from acute pathology and also in chronic disease, so professionals in this area foresee a significant increase in the underlying sequelae of this infection, mainly in two organ systems: the pulmonary, which decreases 20 to 30% of its functional capacity despite recovery from infection and the neuromuscular system that causes manifestations in 88% of critically ill patients (Gonzalo, 2020). Objective: To determine sequelae following covid-19 infection in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in patients attending primary health care. Methodology: Observational, analytical, comparative, longitudinal study. The sample size was calculated with the formula for determining two proportions, 95% confidence level (Zα=1.96), margin of error of 0.05, with a 2:1 ratio. Non- probabilistic quota sampling was performed. We included records of patients with and without diabetes in an age group of 20-90 years from Family Medicine Unit No. 9, Queretaro, Mexico. Variables studied were: age, sex, type 2 diabetes, evolution of the disease, respiratory and neuromuscular sequelae. Statistical analysis included t-test, chi-square test and odds ratio. Results: the average age was 43 years in patients without type 2 diabetes and 56 years in the opposite group, with regard to sex, women predominated in both groups; a statistically significant difference was found between the percentage of patients with respiratory and neurological sequelae at 10 days after infection in both groups, with cough being the respiratory sequelae that mostly occurred and limitation of daily activity the least prevalent; and in the neuromuscular sequelae, headache predominated as opposed to dysgeusia. Conclusions: The sequelae of respiratory system origin are the ones that developed in a greater number in post covid-19 patients, compared to neuromuscular sequelae, without taking into account comorbidity such as type 2 diabetes. However, it was identified that the population with this pathology is more exposed to present effects derived from SARS-COV2 infection

Factores Asociados a Hemorragia Intraventricular En Neonatos Atendidos En Un Hospital de Segundo Nivel

Intraventricular hemorrhage (HIV) is a complication in neonates. It originates in the subependymal germinal matrix. This area is irrigated by a network of poorly differentiated vessels without a basement membrane. Also, it is fragile and vulnerable to the hemodynamic instability of cerebral blood flow. It is an important risk factor for periventricular leukomalacia, ventriculomegaly, and hydrocephalus. These neurological pathologies can generate sequelae in the pediatric population such as cerebral palsy (CP). Objective: To identify the factors associated with HIV in neonates treated in the early intervention program of the hospital of specialties of the child and the woman of the Secretary of Health of the State of Querétaro (HENMSESEQ). Material and Methods: Through the review of the clinical files, the factors associated with HIV present in the children attended to in the HENMSESEQ early intervention service were observed in 2015. Cases of HIV were corroborated by means of transfontanel ultrasound, statistical analysis with measures of central tendency, and comparison of the medians of children diagnosed with HIV and without diagnosis. Results: A group of 69 infants attended to in the early intervention program was studied. Out of them, 65.2% (45) were women and 34.3% (24) were men. They had a gestational age of 34.19 ± 4.22 weeks, birth weight of 2116.09 ± 859.36 g, and height of 44.06 ± 6.02 cm. Their stay in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for the sample was 11.88 ± 16.84 days and they were 8.65 ± 12.20 days with invasive mechanical ventilation. There were 25 cases of HIV diagnosed by  transfontanel ultrasound. Out of the 25 cases, 7 (10%) were HIV grade I, 14 (20%) II, 4 (5.7%) III, and no cases of grade IV were diagnosed. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, a difference was found between the groups of neonates diagnosed with HIV and without diagnosis in weeks of gestation, height, weight, APGAR, days of intubation, and days of stay in NICU

The impact of faculty-in-residence programs: A difference-in-differences and cross-sectional approach

Purpose: Faculty-in-Residence (FIR) programs are implemented based on research that shows positive effects on student success when students interact with faculty outside of the classroom. However, most research is limited by cross-sectional studies of only students and does not look at the Faculty-in-Residence programs from a holistic perspective that investigates the impact on faculty. This study focuses on the impact, not only on students over time but additionally on the perceived impact on faculty who participate in Faculty-in-Residence programs. Methods: We examined the effect of FIR programs at a large, public California university on both student success (i.e., cumulative grade point average, retention, and credits earned per unit attempted) as well as student experience (i.e., based on data from the National Survey of Student Engagement). Results: The quantitative results confirm the literature that faculty-student interactions outside of the classroom are statistically significant but point to differences between the demographics of students and that the mere presence of faculty is not as important as the quantity and quality of interactions. Conclusion: FIR programs can contribute to student success, but the magnitude and direction of this link depend on the level of the interaction between students and faculty as well as the specific outcome of interest

The impact of faculty-in-residence programs: A difference-in-differences and cross-sectional approach

Purpose: Faculty-in-Residence (FIR) programs are implemented based on research that shows positive effects on student success when students interact with faculty outside of the classroom. However, most research is limited by cross-sectional studies of only students and does not look at the Faculty-in-Residence programs from a holistic perspective that investigates the impact on faculty. This study focuses on the impact, not only on students over time but additionally on the perceived impact on faculty who participate in Faculty-in-Residence programs. Methods: We examined the effect of FIR programs at a large, public California university on both student success (i.e., cumulative grade point average, retention, and credits earned per unit attempted) as well as student experience (i.e., based on data from the National Survey of Student Engagement). Results: The quantitative results confirm the literature that faculty-student interactions outside of the classroom are statistically significant but point to differences between the demographics of students and that the mere presence of faculty is not as important as the quantity and quality of interactions. Conclusion: FIR programs can contribute to student success, but the magnitude and direction of this link depend on the level of the interaction between students and faculty as well as the specific outcome of interest

Actitudes Hacia los Adultos Mayores en Universitarios Mexicanos: Comparaciones por Género

El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en comparar los perfiles de actitud hacia los adultos mayores de alumnos y alumnas universitarios mexicanos. La muestra total fue de 1634 sujetos; 841 mujeres y 793 hombres, con una edad media de 20.48 años (DE= 1.73) y 20.86 años (DE= 1.88) respectivamente. El abordaje adoptado en la investigación se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo tipo encuesta. Los resultados del análisis multivariante de la varianza, seguido por los análisis de varianza univariados, revelan que las mujeres son quienes muestran una actitud más positiva hacia los adultos mayores en los factores esfera personal y esfera social, mientras que en lo que se refiere al factor esfera emocional no se encontraron diferencias. Las diferencias encontradas entre hombres y mujeres con respecto a su actitud hacia el adulto mayor, sugieren que al diseñar cualquier tipo de intervención que tenga como objetivo mejorar dicha actitud habrá que tomar en cuenta la variable género. Futuras investigaciones deberían replicar estos hallazgos en muestras más amplias. This paper focuses on comparing the attitude profiles towards older adults of Mexican university students. The total sample of the study was 1634 subjects, 841 women and 793 men, with an average age of 20.48 years (SD = 1.73) and 20.86 years (SD = 1.88) respectively. The approach adopted in the research was framed within a quantitative approach with a descriptive design type survey. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance, followed by the univariate analysis of variance, revealed that women are the ones who show a more positive attitude towards older adults in the factors personal sphere and social sphere. On the other hand, in what refers to the emotional sphere factor, no differences were found. The differences found between men and women, with respect to their attitude towards the elderly, suggest that when designing any type of intervention that aims to improve this attitude, the gender variable has to be taken into account. Future researches should replicate these findings on a wider sampling

Low and moderate, rather than high intensity strength exercise induces benefit regarding plasma lipid profile

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The effects of chronic aerobic exercise upon lipid profile has been previously demonstrated, but few studies showed this effect under resistance exercise conditions.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different resistance exercise loads on blood lipids.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirty healthy, untrained male volunteers were allocated randomly into four groups based at different percentages of one repetition maximum (1 RM); 50%-1 RM, 75%-1 RM, 90%-1 RM, and 110%-1 RM. The total volume (sets × reps × load) of the exercise was equalized. The lipid profile (Triglycerides [TG], HDL-cholesterol [HDL-c], LDL-cholesterol, and Total cholesterol) was determined at rest and after 1, 24, 48 and 72 h of resistance exercise.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The 75%-1 RM group demonstrated greater TG reduction when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the 110%-1 RM group presented an increased TG concentration when compared to 50% and 75% groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively). HDL-c concentration was significantly greater after resistance exercise in 50%-1 RM and 75%-1 RM when compared to 110%-1 RM group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.03, respectively). Accordingly, the 50%-1 RM group had greater HDL-c concentration than 110%-1 RM group after 48 h (p = 0.05) and 72 h (p = 0.004), respectively. Finally, The 50% group has showed lesser LDL-c concentration than 110% group after 24 h (p = 0.007). No significant difference was found in Total Cholesterol concentrations.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results indicate that the acute resistance exercise may induce changes in lipid profile in a specific-intensity manner. Overall, low and moderate exercise intensities appear to be promoting more benefits on lipid profile than high intensity. Long term studies should confirm these findings.</p