Hexaaqua­cobalt(II) 4,4′-(1,2-dihy­droxy­ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzoate monohydrate

The title compound, [Co(H2O)6](C16H12O6)·H2O, is composed of one 4,4′-(1,2-dihy­droxy­ethane-1,2-di­yl)dibenzoate anion lying on an inversion center, one [Co(H2O)6]2+ dicationic complex and a solvent water mol­ecule located on mirror planes. In the crystal, a chain is constructed via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carboxyl­ate and hydroxyl groups of the organic anion; the chains are further connected into a three-dimensional framework by additional O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the [Co(H2O)6]2+ cations, solvent water mol­ecules and the anions

Displasia de cadera en el perro : estado actual

La displasia de cadera en el perro es una patología que se presenta con relativa frecuencia en la clínica de pequeños animales. Si bien su diagnóstico es sencillo cuando la lesión ya se encuentra en una fase avanzada, en ocasiones no lo es tanto cuando aquélla se encuentra en una fase inicial en la que tanto los signos clínicos como los radiológicos no son demasiado evidentes. La importancia de realizar un diagnóstico precoz, así como la elección de la técnica quirúrgica más adecuada en cada caso, son aspectos fundamentales para poder asegurar el mejor pronóstico. En el presente trabajo se repasan los distintos aspectos de la enfermedad.Canine hip dysplasia is a relatively common problem in small animal practice. Although its diagnosis is easy in an advanced stage, it becomes harder in earlier stages when clinical signs and radiological features are not so evident. The early diagnosis, as well as the most convenient surgical technique selection, are the key points to ensure the best prognosis. This paper reviews the different aspects of hip dysplasia

Estudio clínico del tratamiento de la queratoconjuntivitis seca con ciclosporina A

Se ha realizado un estudio clínico de la aplicación de ciclosporina en colirio al 2% durante dos años y medio, sobre 48 animales afectados de queratoconjuntivitis seca. Los resultados obtenidos se han visto ligados a diferentes factores como son: el valor inicial del test de Schirmer, el estado de la córnea y la etiología y evolución del proceso. En todo caso, su aplicación aumenta la producción de lágrimas de forma significativa y/o proporciona aumento del bienestar ocular por la disminución de la inflamación local, permitiendo eliminar o disminuir la administración concomitante de sustitutos de lágrimas.We have performed a 2 years long clinical study on 2% cyclosporine collyre administration on 48 dogs suffering from keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Results are influenced by several factors, as Schirmer test initial values, corneal status, and the etiology and evolution of the disease. Anyway, 2% cyclosporine collyre administration significantly in creases tear secretion and/or benefits ocular status by reducing local inflamation, thus allowing to diminish or eliminate administration of tear substitutes

T-Type Calcium Channels: A Potential Novel Target in Melanoma

T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) are overexpressed in several cancers. In this review, we summarize the recent advances and new insights into TTCC biology, tumor progression, and prognosis biomarker and therapeutic potential in the melanoma field. We describe a novel correlation between the Cav3.1 isoform and the increased basal autophagy in BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas and after acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. Indeed, TTCC blockers reduce melanoma cell viability and migration/invasion in vitro and tumor growth in mice xenografts in both BRAF-inhibitor-sensitive and -resistant scenarios. These studies open a new, promising therapeutic approach for disseminated melanoma and improved treatment in BRAFi relapsed melanomas, but further validation and clinical trials are needed for it to become a real therapeutic optionThis work was supported by grants from ISCIII/FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” (PI1500711 to RMM; PI18/00573 to RMM and AM). CB and PS hold a pre-doctoral fellowship from UdL-IRBLleida. RI holds a pre-doctoral fellowship from Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC), Catalunya Contra el Cancer, Lleida. AM holds a post-doctoral fellowship from Asociación Española Contra el Cancer (AECC)

BRAFV600E Mutant Allele Frequency (MAF) Influences Melanoma Clinicopathologic Characteristics

Background: Cutaneous melanoma shows high variability regarding clinicopathological presentation, evolution and prognosis. Methods: Next generation sequencing was performed to analyze hotspot mutations in different areas of primary melanomas (MMp) and their paired metastases. Clinicopathological features were evaluated depending on the degree of variation of the BRAFV600E mutant allele frequency (MAF) in MMp. Results: In our cohort of 14 superficial spreading, 10 nodular melanomas and 52 metastases, 17/24 (71%) melanomas had a BRAFV600E mutation and 5/24 (21%) had a NRASQ61 mutation. We observed a high variation of BRAFV600E MAF (H-BRAFV600E) in 7/17 (41%) MMp. The H-BRAFV600E MMp were all located on the trunk, had lower Breslow and mitotic indexes and predominantly, a first nodal metastasis. Regions with spindled tumor cells (Spin) and high lymphocytic infiltrate (HInf) were more frequent in the H-BRAFV600E patients (4/7; 57%), whereas regions with epithelial tumor cells (Epit) and low lymphocytic infiltrate (LInf) were predominant (6/10; 60%) and exclusive in the low BRAFV600E MAF variation tumors (L-BRAFV600E). The H-BRAFV600E/Spin/HInf MMp patients had better prognostic features and nodal first metastasis. Conclusions: The H-BRAFV600E MMp were located on the trunk, had better prognostic characteristics, such as lower Breslow and mitotic indexes as well as high lymphocytic infiltrate.This work was supported by grants from ISCIII and FEDER (“una manera de hacerEuropa”) PI15/00711 to RMM and PI18/00573 to RMM & AM. CIBERONC (CB16/12/00231) to XMG.Postdoctoral AECC (POSTD004MACI - POSTD16) to AM. Predoctoral UdL to PS and predoctoralAECC fellowship to IR. The work was also supported by the Xarxa de Bancs de Tumors de Catalunyasponsored by “Pla Director d’Oncologia de Catalunya (XBTC)”and IRBLleida Biobank (B.0000682)and PLATAFORMA BIOBANCOS (PT17/0015/0027; PT20/00021

Frequency and Clinicopathological Profile Associated with Braf Mutations in Patients with Advanced Melanoma in Spain

Real-world data on BRAF mutation frequency in advanced melanoma are lacking in Spain. Moreover, data available on clinicopathological profile of patients with advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma are currently limited. This study aimed to assess the frequency of BRAF V600 mutations in Spanish patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma and to identify clinical and histopathological features associated with BRAF-mutated tumors. A multicenter, cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in 33 Spanish hospitals in adult patients with stage IIIc/IV melanoma. A total of 264 patients were included. The median age was 68 years and 57% were male. Melanoma mainly involved skin with intermittent (40.4%) and low or no sun exposure (43.5%). Most patients (85.6%) had stage IV disease (M1a: 19.3%; M1b: 13.3%; M1c: 22.7%). Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were elevated in 20% of patients. Superficial spreading melanoma was the most frequent histological type (29.9%). Samples were predominantly obtained from metastases (62.7%), mostly from skin and soft tissues (80%). BRAF mutation analysis was primarily performed using the Cobas 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test (92.8%) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (95.8%). BRAF mutations were detected in 41.3% of samples. Multivariate analysis identified age (odd ratio [OR] 0.975) and stage IV M1a (OR 2.716) as independent factors associated with BRAF mutation. The frequency of BRAF mutations in tumor samples from patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma in Spain was 41.3%. BRAF mutations seem to be more frequent in younger patients and stage M1a patients. This study provides the basis for further investigation regarding BRAF-mutated advanced melanoma in larger cohorts.This study was sponsored by Roche Farma S.A

Lability of copper bound to humic acid

Geochemical speciation models generally include the assumption that all metal bound to humic acid and fulvic acid (HA, FA) is labile. However, in the current study, we determined the presence of a soluble ‘non-labile’ Cu fraction bound to HA extracted from grassland and peat soils. This was quantified by determining isotopically-exchangeable Cu (E-value) and EDTA-extraction of HA-bound Cu, separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and assayed by coupled ICP-MS. Evidence of time-dependent Cu fixation by HA was found during the course of an incubation study (160 days); up to 50% of dissolved HA-bound Cu was not isotopically exchangeable. This result was supported by extraction with EDTA where approximately 40% of Cu remained bound to HA despite dissolution in 0.05 M Na2-EDTA. The presence of a substantial non-labile metal fraction held by HA challenges the assumption of wholly reversible equilibrium which is central to current geochemical models of metal binding to humic substances