Sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: distribution, associated factors and associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors

Background Poor sleep quality has been associated with increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and mortality. However, limited information exists on the distribution and determinants of sleep quality and its associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in Chinese populations. We aimed to evaluate this in the current study. Methods A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2005 of 1,458 men and 1,831 women aged 50–70 years from urban and rural areas of Beijing and Shanghai. Using a questionnaire, sleep quality was measured in levels of well, common and poor. Comprehensive measures of socio-demographical and health factors and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disease were recorded. These were evaluated in association with sleep quality using logistic regression models. Results Half of the population reported good sleep quality. After adjusting for potential confounders, women and Beijing residents had almost half the probability to report good sleep quality. Good physical and mental health (good levels of self-rated health (OR 2.48; 95%CI 2.08 to 2.96) and no depression (OR 4.05; 95%CI 3.12 to 5.26)) related to an increased chance of reporting good sleep quality, whereas short sleep duration (<7 hrs OR 0.10; 95%CI 0.07 to 0.14)) decreased it substantially. There were significant associations between levels of sleep quality and concentrations of plasma insulin, total and LDL cholesterol, and index of insulin resistance. Conclusion Levels of good sleep quality in middle-age and elderly Chinese were low. Gender, geographical location, self-rated health, depression and sleep quantity were major factors associated with sleep quality. Prospective studies are required to distil the factors that determine sleep quality and the effects that sleep patterns exert on cardio-metabolic health

Die Rangfolge psychischer und sozialer Prädiktoren und Kriterien für die Prognose Herztransplantierter

Bei 44 Herztransplantierten wurden präoperativ und bis zu einem und drei Jahre postoperativ psychiatrisch/psychologische Untersuchungen durchgeführt und psychosoziale Daten erhoben. Die Prädiktoren und Kriterien für eine gute Prognose wurden ihrer Rangfolge nach hierarchisiert. Es ergab sich folgende Prädiktorrangfolge: 1. die eindeutige Motivation und der unauffällige psychopathologische Befund, 2. der gute soziale Rückhalt und die vor der Transplantation zum Ausdruck gebrachte positive Berufsperspektive, 3. das Bewußtsein der Geborgenheit durch die Familie und die reife psychologische Verarbeitung der Herzerkrankung und der bevorstehenden Herztransplantation, 4. der fortgeschrittene Schweregrad der Herzerkrankung (Schweregrad IV NYHA), 5. der relativ geringe Fernsehkonsum (weniger als an 4 Abenden), und 6. u. a. noch lebende Eltern und das Vorhandensein von Kindern. Für die 7 prognostischen Kriterien ließ sich folgendeKriterienrangfolge ermitteln: 1. die soziale Reintegration, 2. die Lebenszufriedenheit, 3. die Compliance und der psychopathologische Befund, 4. die berufliche Rehabilitation, und 5. die körperliche Belastbarkeit und der körperliche Zustand. Die Studie zeigt, daß es eine unterschiedliche Gewichtung psychosozialer Faktoren vor und nach der Herztransplantation gibt, und daß die soziale Reintegration der beste Indikator für eine erfolgreiche Herztransplantation ist.44 patients underwent psychiatric/psychological and psychosocial examinations before and for one to three years after heart transplantation. Predictors and prognostic criteria for a good result were established according to the rank of their significance. The rank sequence for the predictors were 1. strong motivation and absence of psychiatric symptomatology, 2. good social support and determination to return to work after transplantation, 3. the feeling of being cared for by the family and a mature psychological coping with the heart disease and the expected transplantation, 4. advanced heart failure (stage IV NYHA), 5. watching TV less than 4 evenings a week, 6. parents still living and having one’s own children. The rank sequence for the 7 prognostic criteria for a good result after heart transplantation were 1. social reintegration, 2. being content with life. 3. good compliance and absence of psychopathology, 4. returning to work, and 5. physical exercise tolerance and general physical condition. The study shows that there is a different magnitude of significance for psychosocial factors before and after heart transplantation and that social reintegration is the best indicator for a good result after heart transplantation

High magnetic field scales and critical currents in SmFeAs(O,F) crystals: promising for applications

Superconducting technology provides most sensitive field detectors, promising implementations of qubits and high field magnets for medical imaging and for most powerful particle accelerators. Thus, with the discovery of new superconducting materials, such as the iron pnictides, exploring their potential for applications is one of the foremost tasks. Even if the critical temperature Tc is high, intrinsic electronic properties might render applications rather difficult, particularly if extreme electronic anisotropy prevents effective pinning of vortices and thus severely limits the critical current density, a problem well known for cuprates. While many questions concerning microscopic electronic properties of the iron pnictides have been successfully addressed and estimates point to a very high upper critical field, their application potential is less clarified. Thus we focus here on the critical currents, their anisotropy and the onset of electrical dissipation in high magnetic fields up to 65 T. Our detailed study of the transport properties of optimally doped SmFeAs(O,F) single crystals reveals a promising combination of high (>2 x 10^6 A/cm^2) and nearly isotropic critical current densities along all crystal directions. This favorable intragrain current transport in SmFeAs(O,F), which shows the highest Tc of 54 K at ambient pressure, is a crucial requirement for possible applications. Essential in these experiments are 4-probe measurements on Focused Ion Beam (FIB) cut single crystals with sub-\mu\m^2 cross-section, with current along and perpendicular to the crystallographic c-axis and very good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in pulsed magnetic fields. The pinning forces have been characterized by scaling the magnetically measured "peak effect"

Exposure to the tsunami disaster, PTSD symptoms and increased substance use – an Internet based survey of male and female residents of Switzerland

BACKGROUND: After the tsunami disaster in the Indian Ocean basin an Internet based self-screening test was made available in order to facilitate contact with mental health services. Although primarily designed for surviving Swiss tourists as well as relatives and acquaintances of the victims, the screening instrument was open to anyone who felt psychologically affected by this disaster. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences between self-declared increased substance use in the aftermath of the tsunami disaster, trauma exposure and current PTSD symptoms. METHODS: One section of the screening covered addiction related behavior. We analyzed the relationship between increased substance use, the level of PTSD symptoms and trauma exposure using multivariable logistic regression with substance use as the dependent variable. Included in the study were only subjects who reported being residents of Switzerland and the analyses were stratified by gender in order to control for possible socio-cultural or gender differences in the use of psychotropic substances. RESULTS: In women PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure enlarged the odds of increased alcohol, pharmaceuticals and cannabis use significantly. In men the relationship was more specific: PTSD symptoms and degree of exposure only enlarged the odds of increased pharmaceutical consumption significantly. Increases in alcohol, cannabis and tobacco use were only significantly associated with the degree of PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION: The tsunami was associated with increased substance use. This study not only replicates earlier findings but also suggests for a gender specificity of post-traumatic substance use increase

Maximal care considerations when treating patients with end-stage heart failure: ethical and procedural quandaries in management of the very sick

Deciding who should receive maximal technological treatment options and who should not represents an ethical, moral, psychological and medico-legal challenge for health care providers. Especially in patients with chronic heart failure, the ethical and medico-legal issues associated with providing maximal possible care or withholding the same are coming to the forefront. Procedures, such as cardiac transplantation, have strict criteria for adequate candidacy. These criteria for subsequent listing are based on clinical outcome data but also reflect the reality of organ shortage. Lack of compliance and non-adherence to lifestyle changes represent relative contraindications to heart transplant candidacy. Mechanical circulatory support therapy using ventricular assist devices is becoming a more prominent therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure who are not candidates for transplantation, which also requires strict criteria to enable beneficial outcome for the patient. Physicians need to critically reflect that in many cases, the patient’s best interest might not always mean pursuing maximal technological options available. This article reflects on the multitude of critical issues that health care providers have to face while caring for patients with end-stage heart failure

Reliability and validity of the ESRD Symptom Checklist – Transplantation Module in Norwegian kidney transplant recipients

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to validate the Norwegian version of a self-administered 43-item questionnaire designed to assess quality of life in kidney transplant recipients, the End-Stage Renal Disease Symptom Checklist – Transplantation Module (ESRD-SCL). METHODS: In total, 53 kidney transplant recipients from one university-affiliated hospital responded to a questionnaire including the ESRD-SCL and the Short Form 36 (SF-36). We assessed internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability with 2 weeks between assessments. Construct validity was assessed by correlations of the ESRD-SCL subscales with related and unrelated SF-36 scales, demographic, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Subscales of the ESRD-SCL showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's = 0.72–0.81) and for the aggregate total scale α was 0.94. Test-retest reliability median 14 days apart was excellent with intraclass coefficients ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. The pattern of correlations of the ESRD-SCL scales with related and unrelated scales SF-36 scales and demographic and clinical characteristics gave support to the construct validity of the ESRD-SCL. CONCLUSION: The Norwegian translation of the ESRD-SCL showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and construct validity, at the level of the original German version

Data analysis of the U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf system in zircon and whole-rock Sr, Sm–Nd and Pb isotopic systems for the granitoids of Thailand

© 2018 This data article provides zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic information along with whole-rock Sm–Nd, Sr and Pb isotopic geochemistry from granitoids in Thailand. The U–Pb ages are described and the classification of crystallisation and inherited ages are explained. The petrography of the granitoid samples is detailed. The data presented in this article are interpreted and discussed in the research article entitled “Probing into Thailand's basement: New insights from U–Pb geochronology, Sr, Sm–Nd, Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic systems from granitoids” (Dew et al., 2018)

Smoking in film in New Zealand: measuring risk exposure

BACKGROUND: Smoking in film is a risk factor for smoking uptake in adolescence. This study aimed to quantify exposure to smoking in film received by New Zealand audiences, and evaluate potential interventions to reduce the quantity and impact of this exposure. METHODS: The ten highest-grossing films in New Zealand for 2003 were each analysed independently by two viewers for smoking, smoking references and related imagery. Potential interventions were explored by reviewing relevant New Zealand legislation, and scientific literature. RESULTS: Seven of the ten films contained at least one tobacco reference, similar to larger film samples. The majority of the 38 tobacco references involved characters smoking, most of whom were male. Smoking was associated with positive character traits, notably rebellion (which may appeal to adolescents). There appeared to be a low threshold for including smoking in film. Legislative or censorship approaches to smoking in film are currently unlikely to succeed. Anti-smoking advertising before films has promise, but experimental research is required to demonstrate cost effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Smoking in film warrants concern from public health advocates. In New Zealand, pre-film anti-smoking advertising appears to be the most promising immediate policy response