Modern Extension Approaches for Livelihood Improvement for Resource Poor Farmers

Indian agriculture sector has an impressive long-term record of taking the country out of serious food shortages despite rapid population increase, given its heavy reliance on the work of its pluralistic extension system. But so far today gap between technology developed/released and the technology disseminated/adopted is wide. Technology Transfer (persuasive + paternalistic), Advisory work (persuasive + participatory), Human resource development (educational + paternalistic) and Facilitation for empowerment (educational + participatory) are the four paradigm of extension education. In light of the context and facts our strategy must be requires as targeting the area based all development agencies/ agents for similar message/ technologies, Strategies must be supplemented by input and ensuring utilization of locally available inputs or resources & efforts starts from low cost or no cost technologies for confidence building of clients.To help meet this challenge, the role of extension is clear - there is a great need for information, ideas, and organization. About 80 percent of the world's extension is publicly funded and delivered by civil servants, providing a diverse range of services to the general population, commercial producers, and disadvantaged target groups through a variety of approaches. The paper discusses some of the innovations, approaches and success stories, and policy changes needed to take the extension systems forward in light of the rapid changes in tone and tenor of technology transfer globally

Full Reference Image Quality Metrics and their Performance

This paper mainly aims to study the performance of objective assessment methods of image quality. It take into consideration the correlations between each objective assessment and the subjective assessment in order to determine objective test performance. Three objective assessment methods used in this study are the Structural Similarity (SSIM) index, the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) calculating algorithm. The resulting data indicate what type of objective assessment was most suitable for which type of impairment imposed upon an image. This is clarified using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient as described in the paper. As an overall, SSIM index had the best correlation characteristics to the subjective assessment, followed by the MSE calculating algorithm. From this study, a better understanding of the requirements for developing an efficient image quality assessment method was gained

PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of 12S and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes of Grey mullets from East coast of India

529-534Present study consists PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of mitochondrial genes (12S and 16S rRNA) on four species of Mugilidae, collected from east coast of India. Three and four restriction enzymes were found informative for 12S rRNA mitochondrial gene for Liza macrolepis and Liza tade respectively. Whereas, eight, seven and eight restriction enzymes were found informative for Liza macrolepis, Liza parsia and Liza tade respectively for 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene. Sequence analysis of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA revealed that Liza macroplepis was distant from the other two Liza species, L. parsia and L. tade. Mugil cephalus was found to be the most distinct amongst the mullet species analyzed based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene

Аналіз характеристик I-V-T сонячних елементів на основі перовскіту CH3NH3PbBr3

Досліджено характеристики I-V-T сонячних елементів на основі перовскіту з використанням гібридного органічно-неорганічного галогеніду металу (CH3NH3PbBr3) як одного з компонентів матеріалу. Чисельне моделювання було виконано за допомогою програмного забезпечення SCAPS-1D для моделювання перовскітних сонячних елементів. Рівняння Пуассона та рівняння безперервності для сонячних елементів були використані за допомогою програми SCAPS-1D. У дослідженні представлено залежності густини струму від напруги, густини струму від температури, коефіцієнта корисної дії від густини дефектів, а також коефіцієнта корисної дії та коефіцієнта заповнення від температури сонячних елементів. З досліджень було отримано коефіцієнт корисної дії перовскітних сонячних елементів близько 27,5 % при робочій температурі 270 К. Густина струму для всіх температур є постійною і має значення, близьке до 25 мА/см2, для напруги живлення 1,125 В. Густина потужності лінійно зростає до максимуму 27,5 мВт/см2. Напруга холостого ходу і температура обернено пропорційні одна одній. Отримане значення коефіцієнта корисної дії становить 27,54 % при густині дефектів 1015 см – 3.The I-V-T characteristics of perovskite based solar cells using hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide (CH3NH3PbBr3) as one of the material components have been studied. A numerical simulation has been performed through Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to simulate the perovskite solar cells. Poisson equation and continuity equations for the solar cells have been employed using SCAPS-1D program. The variation of the current density with voltage, current density with temperature, efficiency with defect density, and efficiency and fill factor with rise in temperature of the solar cells has been presented in this study. From the investigations, the perovskite solar cell efficiency of the order of 27.5 % has been obtained at an operating temperature of 270 K. The current density for all temperatures is constant having a value close to 25 mA/cm2 until the supply voltage is 1.125 V. The power density increases linearly to a maximum of 27.5 mW/cm2. The open circuit voltage and temperature are inversely proportional to each other. The obtained efficiency is 27.54 % at a defect density of 1015 cm – 3

Not Available

Not AvailableWhite spot syndrome virus, continues to cause huge economic loss to aquaculture industry. In the absence of effective therapeutics to control WSSV, it is important to understand the host pathogen interaction at the molecular level. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed which led to identification of several differentially expressed genes in response to WSSV infection in Penaeus monodon. The genes expressed in SSH cDNA library of shrimp gill and gut tissues belonged to a wide range of biological functions. The three differentially expressed genes, Single von Willebrand factor type C domain protein (pmSVC), P53 protein gene (pmP53) and ADP ribosylation factor (pmArf) were up-regulated against WSSV infection and were further characterized by gene silencing to study the role of these shrimp immune genes on WSSV multiplication. The sequence-specific knock down of pmSVC, pmP53 and pmArf using the dsRNA revealed that in pmSVC-dsRNA inoculated shrimps WSSV replication was more with increased viral copy numbers when compared with pmP53-dsRNA and pmArf -dsRNA inoculated shrimps. The varied response of immune genes to WSSV infection, indicated that host genes may either inhibit virus replication to some extent or might act as a target to facilitate viral pathogenesis.Not Availabl

Knotless Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair

Medial meniscus posterior root tears are common injuries, especially in the Asian world. This injury must be repaired where indicated to restore knee biomechanics and prevent arthritis. Suturing the meniscus using suture tapes provides good hold of the tissue. The use of a 70° arthroscope and creation of a transseptal portal improve visualization of the posterior compartment. Creation of a high posteromedial portal achieves the correct trajectory for the suture anchor insertion. A knotless suture anchor can be used to fix the posterior root at its anatomic attachment site. This obliterates the need for transtibial drilling for a suture pull-out repair or for knot tying and suture shuttling as for a conventional suture anchor

Anatomic Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction With Autogenous Peroneus Longus Y Graft Construct

The posterolateral corner of the knee is composed of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament, which provide varus and rotational stability to the knee. An anatomic technique reconstructs these structures through 2 femoral sockets and 1 tibial and 1 fibular tunnel. This reconstruction can be performed using a peroneus longus autograft that is prepared as a Y construct. The peroneus longus autograft is preferred because it provides adequate length and diameter for the entire reconstruction. Initially, the doubled loop of the Y is passed into the tibial tunnel and fixed with an adjustable cortical button. The shorter limb of the Y is used for reconstruction of the popliteus tendon. The longer limb of the Y is passed from posterior to anterior through the fibular tunnel and is fixed in the tunnel with an interference screw to re-create the popliteofibular ligament. The remaining graft is then shuttled deep to the iliotibial band and superficial to the popliteus tendon, into the femoral socket, to re-create the fibular collateral ligament

Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair With Augmentation

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are usually managed by reconstruction with autograft or allograft, but primary repair in carefully selected patients is a reasonable option. Proximal avulsions presenting early with excellent tissue quality are amenable to repair and healing. Restoration of native ACL preserves its proprioceptive and kinematic functions. A repair is less invasive and avoids graft-related problems, and faster rehabilitation is possible. Protection for the repair in the early stages will allow better healing. We present our technique of ACL repair using knotless suture anchors with high-strength sutures and protection using high-strength sutures tapes inserted through the same anchors

Вплив конфігурації переходу на продуктивність сонячних елементів In2S3/CZTS

У роботі представлено чисельне моделювання сонячних елементів на основі CZTS з використанням одновимірної програми моделювання сонячних елементів, яка називається симулятором ємності сонячного елементу (SCAPS). Було вивчено вплив товщини буферного шару In2S3 та густини природних дефектів на продуктивність та характеристики J-V сонячних елементів на основі CZTS. Результати моделювання показують, що оптимальна товщина буферного шару In2S3 становить 50 нм. Було виявлено, що густина дефектів ідеальна від 1015 до 1017 см – 3. Оптимальні фотоелектричні параметри були досягнуті з ефективністю 20,95 % при JSC = 26,85 мА/см2 та VOC = 0,78 В.This research work presents a numerical simulation of CZTS based solar cell by using one dimensional solar cell simulation program called solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). In this work, the influence of In2S3 buffer layer thickness and natural defect density on the performance and the J-V characteristics of CZTS based solar cells has been studied. The simulation results illustrate that the optimal In2S3 buffer layer thickness is 50 nm. We observed that the defect density is perfect from1015 to 1017 cm – 3. The optimal photovoltaic parameters have been achieved with an efficiency of 20.95 % with JSC = 26.85 mA/cm2 and VOC = 0.78 V

Growth performance and white spot syndrome virus resistance in families of kuruma shrimp (<i>Marsupenaeus japonicus)</i>

56-60Present study reveals the variation in wet weight at harvest (4 months in pond) and resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus. Eight families obtained from gravid female shrimp from wild and two inbred families were used. Representatives from each family were challenged with White Spot Syndrome virus. Survival curves in a challenge experiment revealed no difference between wild and inbred families. However, one family each from wild and inbred had higher median survival compared to the rest. Analysis of the wet weight at harvest revealed sexual dimorphism for growth with females weighing heavier than their male counterparts. Heritability was estimated sex-wise for harvest weight using full-sib correlation method. The estimates indicate that harvest weight would respond readily to selection