Cost of exploration for metallic minerals in Alaska

The high cost of exploration for metallic minerals in Alaska not only reflects a 20-50% increase in the cost of supplies, food and salaries over those "outside" but also some additional costs that are characteristic of most Alaskan exploration efforts. Transportation in particular often represents half of the exploration budget and is a major cost of almost all programs. Helicopters commonly are used as the basic mode of field transportation; their cost is high (about $125 to$300 per hour) and increasing, and their availability is becoming less certain with the accelerating demand for them. Salaries for field personnel are also considerably higher than those paid to personnel "outside". And the demand, both from within and without the mining industry, for those with Alaskan experience is so great as to drive those salaries even higher. Fuel and communication costs not only show the usual Alaskan mark-up but are also subject to local scarcity and almost unavoidable problems. Fuel will probably continue to be available in the major population centers but there have always been difficulties in providing or obtaining fuel in the bush; these will undoubtedly be magnified with the booming development of Alaska's petroleum resources and national scarcity. Communications with the field will undoubtedly continue to be uncertain at times and will frequently present major problems that money along cannot solve and result in much frustration and delay. Contract services such as drilling, geophysical work, and geochemical analyses are available within the state in varying degree or can be obtained "outside" at rates that do not seem to be unduly expensive. However, the cost of transportation, mobilization, and demobilization of the personnel and equipment used in performing these services may result in unusually high costs for projects of short duration. Early logistical planning has always been considered wise in Alaskan field work and it will undoubtedly continue to be important, if not essential. The lack of it may be alleviated in some cases with copious applications of money but with Alaska's present booming development, the lack of planning may lead to an uncertain ability to work in the field at all. The cost of Alaskan exploration programs vary greatly. Many of the reconnaissance geologic and geochemical programs are strikingly expensive chiefly because of the need for helicopter support. Other types of programs such as prospect evaluations are not nearly so expensive and Alaskan costs for projects of limited area or duration are nor necessarily prohibitive. In almost all cases, experience, imagination, and prior planning can reduce costs significantly

Placer mining in Alaska II

During July, August and September, 1979, a team from the Mineral Industry Research Laboratory visited a number of placer mining districts that could be reached by automobile, hence at a reasonable cost for transportation. These districts yielded varying amounts of information that will be of value to the industry. The district visited were: 1. Fairbanks, 2. Circle (Birch Creak), 3. Livengood (Tolovana), 4. Manley Hot Springs, 5. Fortymile, 6. Klondike, 7. Kantishna, 8. Yentna.University of Alaska Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute.Placer mining in Alaska II -- Selected references -- List of figures

Evaluation of the mineral resources of the pipeline corridor, phases i and ii

In accordance with U. S. Bureau of Mines (U.S.B.M.) Grant No. G0166180 entitled, “Evaluation of the Mineral Resources of the Pipeline Corridor”, the Mineral Industry Research Laboratory (M.I.R.L.), of the University of Alaska, completed an examination of the mineral resource potential of the federal utility corridor established for the trans-Alaska pipeline. The contract was completed under the direction of the Principal Investigator, Paul A. Metz and the Associate Investigator, Mark S. Robinson.Introduction -- Section I. Geology and mineral resources of the Valdez quadrangle -- Section II. Geology and mineral resources of the Gulkana quadrangle -- Section III. Geology and mineral resources of the Mt. Hayes quadrangle -- Section IV. Geology and mineral resources of the Big Delta quadrangle -- Section V. Geology and mineral resources of the Fairbanks quadrangle -- Section VI. Geology and mineral resources of the Livengood quadrangle -- Section VII. Geology and mineral resources of the Tanana quadrangle --Section VIII. Geology and mineral resources of the Bettles quadrangle -- Section IX. Geology and mineral resources of the Wiseman quadrangle -- Section X. Geology and mineral resources of the Chandalar quadrangle -- Section XI. Geology and mineral resources of the Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle -- Section XII. Geology and mineral resources of the Sagavanirktok quadrangle

Mineral investigations of D-2 lands in the Philip Smith Mountains and Chandler Lake quadrangles

Eight hundred and sixty-five stream sediment samples were collected over an area of approximately 2,120 square kilometers (828 square miles) in the Chandler Lake and Philip Smith Mountains quadrangles (Fig. 1). The samples were analyzed by atomic absorption methods for Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Mo. Statistical reduction of the data resulted in the definition of 86 anomalous samples. The majority of the anomalous samples were from streams draining either the Hunt Fork Shale, Kanayut Conglomerate, or the Lisburne Group. The anomalous samples are grouped in ten separate areas; eight of these areas warrant additional field examination. The number of geochemical anomalies within the area indicates that region has good potential for copper, lead and zinc sulfide mineral deposits.Introduction -- Objective -- Previous investigations -- Regional geology and petrology -- Structural geology -- Geochemistry -- Mining activity and economic geology -- Summary and conclusions -- References cited -- Appendix

Baseline geochemical studies for resource evaluation of D-2 Lands - geophysical and geochemical investigations at the Red Dog and Drenchwater Creek mineral occurrences

Major zinc, lead and barite mineralization has been discovered at Red Dog and Drenchwater Creeks in the DeLong Mountains of north-western Alaska. The host rocks for the mineral occurrences are carbonates, cherts, shales, and dacitic volcanic rocks of the Mississippian Lisburne Group. The host rocks are deformed in a narrow belt of imbricate thrust sheets that extend from the Canadian border to the Chukchi Sea. The rocks strike generally east-west and dip to the south. The sulfide minerals occur as stratiform mineralization parallel to bedding planes, as breccia fillings and vein replacements, and as disseminations in the various host rocks. The primary ore minerals are sphalerite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and galena. Barite occurs as massive beds up to 90 meters (300 feet) thick at Red Dog Creek and as nodules, veinlets, and disseminations at Drenchwater Creek. Close spaced soil sampling, mercury vapor sampling, and magnetic and radiometric surveys were conducted over the areas of exposed sulfide mineralization to test the response of these techniques to these types of deposits in northern Alaska. There is potential for additional deposits of this type in the Lisburne Group of the entire northern Brooks Range. These techniques provide a rapid low cost method for the discovery and preliminary evaluation of these types of mineral occurrences in northern Alaska.Introduction -- Objectives -- General geology of the Red Dog Creek and Drenchwater Creek mineral occurrences -- Red Dog Creek mineral occurrence -- Location and previous investigations -- Regional geology and petrology -- Geochronology and structural geology -- Economic geology -- Drenchwater Creek mineral occurrence -- Location and previous investigations -- Regional geology and petrology -- Geochronology and structural geology -- Economic geology -- Geophysical and geochemical data collection, analysis, and reduction - Red Dog Creek -- Geophysical and geochemical data collection, analysis, and reduction - Drenchwater Creek -- Summary and conclusions -- References cited -- Appendices

Acupuncture as a Treatment Within Integrative Health for Palliative Care: A Brief Narrative Review of Evidence and Recommendations

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Personal and Educational Differences in College Students’ Attitudes Toward Social Justice

Many colleges and universities encourage students to engage with social justice issues in their education and career discernment. However, a variety of individual attributes and life experiences may predict how college students develop an awareness of and attitudes toward social justice, perhaps including ways in which students relate to their own challenging life experiences and encounter others’ experiences of injustice. This study explored the relationship between individual attributes, educational experiences and social justice attitudes among a sample of 347 college students who completed self-report surveys. Specifically, this study examined a) help-seeking attitudes, b) self-compassion, c) prior experience receiving mental health support, and d) prior experience participating in service activities as predictors of social justice attitudes. As hypothesized, higher willingness to seek help in times of personal distress and higher levels of self-compassion were positively correlated with awareness and concern for social justice issues, with help-seeking attitudes being the stronger predictor. Significant differences were also observed across gender, help-seeking history, and service experience. Furthermore, the association between help-seeking attitudes and social justice attitudes was moderated by gender and by prior service experience and mental health support. Implications of these findings for social justice education and college student well-being are discussed

Distinct and overlapping roles for AP-1 and GGAs revealed by the "knocksideways" system

Although adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) and Golgi-localized, γ ear-containing, ADP-ribosylation factor-binding proteins (GGAs) are both adaptors for clathrin-mediated intracellular trafficking, the pathways they mediate and their relationship to each other remain open questions [1]. To tease apart the functions of AP-1 and GGAs, we rapidly inactivated each adaptor using the “knocksideways” system [2] and then compared the protein composition of clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV) fractions from control and knocksideways cells. The AP-1 knocksideways resulted in a dramatic and unexpected loss of GGA2 from CCVs. Over 30 other peripheral membrane proteins and over 30 transmembrane proteins were also depleted, including several mutated in genetic disorders, indicating that AP-1 acts as a linchpin for intracellular CCV formation. In contrast, the GGA2 knocksideways affected only lysosomal hydrolases and their receptors. We propose that there are at least two populations of intracellular CCVs: one containing both GGAs and AP-1 for anterograde trafficking and another containing AP-1 for retrograde trafficking. Our study shows that knocksideways and proteomics are a powerful combination for investigating protein function, which can potentially be used on many different types of proteins

Recurrent triploidy due to a failure to complete maternal meiosis II: whole-exome sequencing reveals candidate variants

Triploidy is a relatively common cause of miscarriage; however, recurrent triploidy has rarely been reported. A healthy 34-year-old woman was ascertained because of 18 consecutive miscarriages with triploidy found in all 5 karyotyped losses. Molecular results in a sixth loss were also consistent with triploidy. Genotyping of markers near the centromere on multiple chromosomes suggested that all six triploid conceptuses occurred as a result of failure to complete meiosis II (MII). The proband's mother had also experienced recurrent miscarriage, with a total of 18 miscarriages. Based on the hypothesis that an inherited autosomal-dominant maternal predisposition would explain the phenotype, whole-exome sequencing of the proband and her parents was undertaken to identify potential candidate variants. After filtering for quality and rarity, potentially damaging variants shared between the proband and her mother were identified in 47 genes. Variants in genes coding for proteins implicated in oocyte maturation, oocyte activation or polar body extrusion were then prioritized. Eight of the most promising candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. These included a novel change in the PLCD4 gene, and a rare variant in the OSBPL5 gene, which have been implicated in oocyte activation upon fertilization and completion of MII. Several variants in genes coding proteins playing a role in oocyte maturation and early embryonic development were also identified. The genes identified may be candidates for the study in other women experiencing recurrent triploidy or recurrent IVF failur

Rotating Einstein-Yang-Mills Black Holes

We construct rotating hairy black holes in SU(2) Einstein-Yang-Mills theory. These stationary axially symmetric black holes are asymptotically flat. They possess non-trivial non-Abelian gauge fields outside their regular event horizon, and they carry non-Abelian electric charge. In the limit of vanishing angular momentum, they emerge from the neutral static spherically symmetric Einstein-Yang-Mills black holes, labelled by the node number of the gauge field function. With increasing angular momentum and mass, the non-Abelian electric charge of the solutions increases, but remains finite. The asymptotic expansion for these black hole solutions includes non-integer powers of the radial variable.Comment: 63 pages, 10 figure