The Pediatric Cell Atlas: defining the growth phase of human development at single-cell resolution

Single-cell gene expression analyses of mammalian tissues have uncovered profound stage-specific molecular regulatory phenomena that have changed the understanding of unique cell types and signaling pathways critical for lineage determination, morphogenesis, and growth. We discuss here the case for a Pediatric Cell Atlas as part of the Human Cell Atlas consortium to provide single-cell profiles and spatial characterization of gene expression across human tissues and organs. Such data will complement adult and developmentally focused HCA projects to provide a rich cytogenomic framework for understanding not only pediatric health and disease but also environmental and genetic impacts across the human lifespan

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Dynamics of moral judgments in young soldiers during the period of military service

We have conducted an empirical study of the dynamics of the level of moral judgments in the military. Two groups of Missile Defense Force soldiers present the sample: preparing for demobilization (n=30) and new recruits (n=25). As the methods we used specially developed semi-structured interview modeling the situation of moral choice, and the questionnaire in order to assess the socio-psychological characteristics of the military and their attitude to service. The young soldiers have a positive trend in the development of moral judgments and a greater differentiation in the estimates. It is shown that the old-timers in comparison with newcomers have intensive development of group-oriented and prosocial moral reasoning. It presumably connected with successful adaptation to military service, following the manual, the ability to cope with aggressive impulses, flexibility and value assessments in decision-making. It is noted that educational work with young recruits should include measures to increase group cohesion in the army

Dynamics of the legislative development of public-private partnership in the sphere of agricultural insurance in Russia and the US

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the definition of the category of public-private partnership. The definition of public-private partnership is formulated taking into account the unique features of agricultural insurance in Russia. The historical way of formation and development of public-private partnership in the legislation of Russia is investigated: from the Petrine era to our time with the purpose of using time-based legal reception in the newest legislation of the Russian Federation, which regulates legal relations in the field of agricultural insurance. The authors studied the design of the current Russian legislation in the field of agricultural insurance, implemented with state support from the standpoint of public-private partnership, and analyzed the legal forms of this partnership used in US agricultural insurance (Du, Hennessy, Feng, 2014). It is concluded that there is a need to expand the interaction of government and business in Russia with a view to stabilizing the situation of the agrarians, at least, and the development of the entire agricultural sector of our country - as a maximum. Taking into account the temporal analysis of the Russian legislation in the sphere under consideration, as well as the experience of implementing a public-private partnership in the national legal system of the United States in the field of agricultural insurance, the authors examined several options for legal forms of introducing PPP in agricultural insurance of the Russian Federation. Firstly, the functioning of the legal model of PPP in the form of an insurance agrarian corporation with mixed capital of public funds and private insurer funds. Secondly, the creation of a state agrarian insurance company with 100% state capital. And, finally, thirdly, education in the field of agricultural insurance of mutual insurance societies. The conclusion is drawn that the model of mutual insurance societies is the most optimal variant of interaction between the government and business in the field of agricultural insurance, carried out with state support. © 2018

Dynamics of the legislative development of public-private partnership in the sphere of agricultural insurance in Russia and the US

The article analyzes theoretical approaches to the definition of the category of public-private partnership. The definition of public-private partnership is formulated taking into account the unique features of agricultural insurance in Russia. The historical way of formation and development of public-private partnership in the legislation of Russia is investigated: from the Petrine era to our time with the purpose of using time-based legal reception in the newest legislation of the Russian Federation, which regulates legal relations in the field of agricultural insurance. The authors studied the design of the current Russian legislation in the field of agricultural insurance, implemented with state support from the standpoint of public-private partnership, and analyzed the legal forms of this partnership used in US agricultural insurance (Du, Hennessy, Feng, 2014). It is concluded that there is a need to expand the interaction of government and business in Russia with a view to stabilizing the situation of the agrarians, at least, and the development of the entire agricultural sector of our country - as a maximum. Taking into account the temporal analysis of the Russian legislation in the sphere under consideration, as well as the experience of implementing a public-private partnership in the national legal system of the United States in the field of agricultural insurance, the authors examined several options for legal forms of introducing PPP in agricultural insurance of the Russian Federation. Firstly, the functioning of the legal model of PPP in the form of an insurance agrarian corporation with mixed capital of public funds and private insurer funds. Secondly, the creation of a state agrarian insurance company with 100% state capital. And, finally, thirdly, education in the field of agricultural insurance of mutual insurance societies. The conclusion is drawn that the model of mutual insurance societies is the most optimal variant of interaction between the government and business in the field of agricultural insurance, carried out with state support. © 2018

Preliminary molecular phylogeny of the diatom genus nupela with the description of a new species and consideration of the interrelationships of taxa in the suborder neidiineae d.G. mann sensu e.j. cox

© Czech Phycological Society (2020). Molecular investigation of genera Nupela and Brachysira is conducted using strains from Indonesia and Vietnam. New species from the genus Nupela indonesica sp. nov. is described using combined approach. Nupela lesothensis (Schoeman) Lange–Bertalot is investigated using molecular data too. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Nupela and Brachysira are not closest genera. Morphology of Nupela and it differences from Brachysira is discussed. The genus Nupela is differs from all other diatom taxa by having coalescent hymenes ouside of areolae but not inside. Facultative development of raphe between different Nupela species is discussed

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents

The emergence of drug resistance in pathogens leads to a loss of effectiveness of antimicrobials and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides represent a prospective scaffold for search of new compounds with improved chemotherapeutic characteristics. Novel 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with alteration of substituents at position 2 and 6 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with piperazine moiety and evaluated against a broad panel of bacteria and fungi by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Their mode of action was assessed by whole-genomic sequencing of spontaneous drug-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants, followed by comparative genomic analysis, and on an original pDualrep2 system. Most of the 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides showed high antibacterial properties against Gram-positive strains, including mycobacteria, and the introduction of a halogen atom in the position 6 of the quinoxaline ring further increased their activity, with 13c being the most active compound. The mode of action studies confirmed the DNA-damaging nature of the obtained quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, while drug-resistance may be provided by mutations in redox homeostasis genes, encoding enzymes potentially involved in the activation of the compounds. This study extends views about the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides and can potentially lead to the discovery of new antibacterial drugs. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland