Study of Short Channel Effects in n-FinFET Structure for Si, GaAs, GaSb and GaN Channel Materials

In this paper a study of various short channel effects (SCE’s) of double gate n-FinFET structure as a function of scaling parameters for Si, GaAs, GaSb and GaN channel materials has been evaluated and presented. The simulation results presented are based on the self consistent solution of Poisson and drift-diffusion equations. In the model the carrier velocity is assumed to be saturated in the channel for all the materials. Gate length (Lg) and channel width (Wch) dependence of the various short channel effects viz., Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), Subthreshold Slope (SS) and threshold voltage roll-off of these devices using the said materials have been studied and presented

Effect of Silver Ions on Ethylene Metabolism of Mustard Grown Under Irrigated and Non- irrigated Conditions

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2004-2005 at the Experimental farm of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India on mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czen and Coss, cultivar Alankar) under irrigated and non -irrigated  conditions to evaluate the application of 0  and 200 µl/L  ethrel (E200) or 1 mM silver thiosulphate (S) at flowering stage along with a basal  uniform application of 80 kg N ha-1 on leaf area, plant dry mass, net photosynthetic rate and seed yield. Silver thoisulphate, which inhibits the physiological action of ethylene was used in the experiment with ethrel. Ethrel is a source of ethylene and its effects are manifested through physiological action of ethylene. Ethrel 200 µl/L (E200) treatment enhanced leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, plant dry mass and seed yield by 10.6, 9.1, 7.7 and 11.6% over S treatment. So silver thiosulphate (S) reduces the physiological action of ethrel (source of ethylene) in this study. This clearly indicates that silver ions used in this experiment in the form of silver thiosulphate inhibits the action of ethylene metabolism in mustard

Biopesticides: Ecofriendly and biorational alternatives to vegetable production and environmental sustainability

Insect pests, nematodes and plant diseases of vegetables are generally controlled by frequent applications of chemical pesticides with an objective to increase crop productivity and obtain greater profit in conventional farming. With consumers' awareness and perception, vegetables without residue of chemicals are being preferred in local and export markets. For this purpose, plant-derived crude products or formulated pesticides can be eco-friendly, effective and economical for an average producer. Several pressures have accelerated the search for more environmentally and toxicologically safe and more selective and efficacious pesticides. Biopesticides, including microbial pesticides, entomopathogenic nematodes, baculoviruses, plant derived pesticides, and insect pheromones are receiving increased exposure in scientific annals as alternatives to chemical pesticides and also as key components of integrated pest management (IPM) systems. The reality, however, is that biopesticides currently represent only a small fraction (1.3%) of the world pesticide market. However, the growth rate for biopesticides over the next 10 years has been forecast at 10–l5% per annum in contrast to 2% for chemical pesticides. It is imperative to make aware the farming community regarding the use of biopesticides to reduce the environmental pollution

The Use of a Rabbit Model to Evaluate the Influence of Age on Excision Wound Healing

Background: The wound healing involves a highly co-ordinated cascade of cellular and immunological response over a period of time including coagulation, inflammation, granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, collagen synthesis and tissue remodeling. Wounds in aged heal more slowly than those in younger, mainly because of co morbidities that occurs as one ages. Present study is about the influence of age on wound healing. 1x1cm2 (100mm) wounds were created on the back of the animal. The animals were divided into two groups; one group had animals in the age group of 3-9 months while another group had animals in the age group of 15-21 months. Materials and Methods: 24 clinically healthy rabbits in the age group of 3-21 months were used as experimental animals and divided in two groups viz A and B. All experimental parameters i.e Excision wound model, Measurement of wound area, Protein extraction and estimation, Protein extraction and estimation and DNA extraction and estimation were done by standard methods. Results: The parameters studied were wound contraction, hydroxyproline, glucosamine, protein and DNA. Significant increase (p<0.005) in the hydroxyproline, glucosamine, protein and DNA and significant decrease in wound area (p<0.005) was observed in the age group of 3-9 months when compared to animals of age group of 15-21 months. Wound contraction together with hydroxyproline, glucosamine, protein and DNA estimations suggest that advance age results in retarded wound healing. Conclusion: The decrease wound contraction and accumulation of hydroxyproline, glucosamine, protein and DNA in group B animals may be associated with the reduction or delay in growth factors because of the advancing age

Study of Short Channel Effects in n-FinFET Structure for Si, GaAs, GaSb and GaN Channel Materials

In this paper a study of various short channel effects (SCE’s) of double gate n-FinFET structure as a function of scaling parameters for Si, GaAs, GaSb and GaN channel materials has been evaluated and presented. The simulation results presented are based on the self consistent solution of Poisson and drift-diffusion equations. In the model the carrier velocity is assumed to be saturated in the channel for all the materials. Gate length (Lg) and channel width (Wch) dependence of the various short channel effects viz., Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), Subthreshold Slope (SS) and threshold voltage roll-off of these devices using the said materials have been studied and presented

Effect of ethrel and nitrogen on nitrate reductase activity, photosynthesis, biomass and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)

      The plants of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss; cultivar Alankar) were treated with 200 µL/L ethrel (2-chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at flowering stage (60 d after sowing) along with basal application of nitrogen 40, 60, and 80 kg N ha-1. Effect of ethrel and nitrogen on leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate (PN), nitrate reductase (NR) activity and plant dry mass were recorded at 80 and 100 d after sowing. At harvest pods plant-1, 1000 seed mass and seed yield were recorded. Ethrel 200 µL/L x 80 kg N ha-1 treatment enhanced all the characteristics studied during the experiment

Effect of the probiotic Lactobacilli reuteri (Prodentis) in the management of periodontal disease: a preliminary randomized clinical trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacilli reuteri (Prodentis) alone and in combination with scaling and root planing (SRP) in a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of volunteers with chronic periodontitis. Methods: Thirty, otherwise systemically healthy, chronic periodontitis patients (19 males and 11 females, aged between 34 and 50 years) were included. The study period was 42 days. ‘Split-mouth’ design was used for the SRP, which was performed on day 0; two quadrants (either right or left) were treated with SRP whereas the remaining two quadrants were left untreated. The participants received a toothbrush, toothpaste, and brushing instructions. L. reuteri Prodentis lozenges (1×108 CFU DSM17938 + 1×108 CFU ATCC PTA 5289) or the corresponding placebo lozenges were taken twice daily from day 21 to day 42. Statistical analysis was done for comparisons of clinical parameters (Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL)) and microbiological levels of the pathogens Aggregibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi). All p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Assessments were made on day 0 before SRP treatment, on day 21 before administration of the lozenges, and on day 42. Results: At day 42, the PI, GI, and GBI were significantly reduced by all treatment modalities. When ranked, the amount of PI, GI and GBI reduction by the different treatments was SRP + Prodentis > Prodentis > SRP + placebo > placebo; all differences were statistically significant. For PPD and CAL, the best result was obtained with the SRP + Prodentis treatment. PPD was reduced from 5.08±0.75 to 3.78±0.61 mm (p<0.001) and CAL from 3.93±0.93 to 2.85±0.74 mm (p<0.001). Prodentis, either alone or following SRP, reduced Aa, Pi, and Pg by 1 log10 unit (p<0.01). The SRP + placebo combination did not significantly affect the levels of the pathogens. Conclusion: The present randomized controlled trial confirms the plaque inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects of L. reuteri Prodentis. L. reuteri Prodentis probiotic can be recommended during non-surgical therapy and the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment. Considering the beneficial effects of probiotics, this therapy could serve as a useful adjunct or alternative to periodontal treatment when SRP might be contraindicated. Further studies are required in this direction

Single-Particle and Collective Motion for Proton-Rich Nuclei on the Astrophysical rp-Process Path

Based on available experimental data, a new set of Nilsson parameters is proposed for proton-rich nuclei with proton or neutron numbers $28\leq N\leq 40$. The resulting single-particle spectra are compared with those from relativistic and non-relativistic mean field theories. Collective excitations in some even--even proton-rich nuclei in the upper $pf$ shell are investigated using the Projected Shell Model with the new Nilsson basis. It is found that the regular bands are sharply disturbed by band crossings involving $1g_{9/2}$ neutrons and protons. Physical quantities for exploring the nature of the band disturbance and the role of the $1g_{9/2}$ single-particle are predicted, which may be tested by new experiments with radioactive beams.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. C, Rapid Communicatio

Evidence of Color Coherence Effects in W+jets Events from ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV

We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in ppbar collisions based on data collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are studied by examining particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters